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© University of Hamburg 2018 All rights reserved Klaus Hess Publishers Göttingen & Windhoek www.k-hess-verlag.de ISBN: 978-3-933117-95-3 (Germany), 978-99916-57-43-1 (Namibia) Language editing: Will Simonson (Cambridge), and Proofreading Pal Translation of abstracts to Portuguese: Ana Filipa Guerra Silva Gomes da Piedade Page desing & layout: Marit Arnold, Klaus A. Hess, Ria Henning-Lohmann Cover photographs: front: Thunderstorm approaching a village on the Angolan Central Plateau (Rasmus Revermann) back: Fire in the miombo woodlands, Zambia (David Parduhn) Cover Design: Ria Henning-Lohmann ISSN 1613-9801 Printed in Germany Suggestion for citations: Volume: Revermann, R., Krewenka, K.M., Schmiedel, U., Olwoch, J.M., Helmschrot, J. & Jürgens, N. (eds.) (2018) Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa – assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions. Biodiversity & Ecology, 6, Klaus Hess Publishers, Göttingen & Windhoek. Articles (example): Archer, E., Engelbrecht, F., Hänsler, A., Landman, W., Tadross, M. & Helmschrot, J. (2018) Seasonal prediction and regional climate projections for southern Africa. In: Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa – assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions (ed. by Revermann, R., Krewenka, K.M., Schmiedel, U., Olwoch, J.M., Helmschrot, J. & Jürgens, N.), pp. 14–21, Biodiversity & Ecology, 6, Klaus Hess Publishers, Göttingen & Windhoek. Corrections brought to our attention will be published at the following location: http://www.biodiversity-plants.de/biodivers_ecol/biodivers_ecol.php Biodiversity & Ecology Journal of the Division Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg Volume 6: Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa Assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions Edited by Rasmus Revermann1, Kristin M. Krewenka1, Ute Schmiedel1, Jane M. Olwoch2, Jörg Helmschrot2,3, Norbert Jürgens1 1 Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg 2 Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management 3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University Hamburg 2018 RPlease cite the article as follows: Mbata, K.J. (2018) Annotated checklist of cockroaches and termites of Zambia (Arthropoda: Insecta; Blattodea). In: Climate change and adaptive land management in southern Africa – assessments, changes, challenges, and solutions (ed. by Revermann, R., Krewenka, K.M., Schmiedel, U., Olwoch, J.M., Helmschrot, J. & Jürgens, N.), pp. 404-415, Biodiversity & Ecology, 6, Klaus Hess Publishers, Göttingen & Windhoek. doi:10.7809/b-e.00352 Annotated checklist of cockroaches and termites of Zambia (Arthropoda: Insecta; Blattodea) Keith J. Mbata1* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: An annotated checklist of cockroaches and termites (order Blattodea) was compiled for Zambia based on intensive reviews of literature on insects of the country. Furthermore, fi eld surveys were performed to confi rm some of these records Biodiversity in the last fi ve years (March 2013 - October 2017). The checklist contains 27 genera of cockroaches in Zambia, containing 43 species and three subspecies. The epifamily Termitoidae comprises 38 genera, 87 species, and one subspecies of termites in the country. The occurrence of seven species of cockroaches and two species of termites in Zambia was confi rmed dur- ing the biodiversity fi eld surveys. Statuses of some termite species, particularly those of the genus Macrotermes Holmgren, 1909, are controversial in Zambia, as they are viewed as crop pests on one hand and as human food on the other. All species of the Blattodea in Zambia are registerd as ‘not evaluated’ in the IUCN Red List. Resumo: Foi compilada uma lista anotada de baratas e térmitas (Ordem Blattodea) para a Zâmbia, com base nas revisões intensivas da literatura sobre insectos do país. Além disso, foram realizados estudos de campo nos últimos cinco anos (Março 2013 – Outubro 2017) para confi rmar alguns desses registos. A lista contém 27 géneros de baratas da Zâmbia, contendo 43 espécies e três subespécies. A epifamilia Termitoidae inclui 38 géneros, 87 espécies e uma subespécie de térmitas do país. A ocorrência de sete espécies de baratas e duas espécies de térmitas na Zâmbia foi confi rmada durante os levantamentos de biodiversidade. Os estados de algumas espécies de térmitas, particularmente aquelas do género Macrotermes Holmgren, 1909, são controversos na Zâmbia, pois são vistos, por um lado, como pragas de culturas e, por outro, como alimento huma- no. Todas as espécies de Blattodea na Zâmbia estão registadas como “não avaliadas” pela Lista Vermelha do UICN. Introduction ble and updated information on Zambia’s sion of NBSAP1 aimed at harmonizing biodiversity, generated through intensive it with (a) the country’s new develop- As a signatory to the International Con- literature reviews and biodiversity fi eld ment trajectory, (b) challenges related to vention on Biological Diversity (CBD), surveys in the country, to develop reliable climate change, and (c) the Global Stra- which was ratifi ed on 8 May 1998, Zam- biodiversity conservation programmes. tegic Plan on Biodiversity (2011 ˗ 2020) bia is expected to: conserve its genetic, The formulation of the country’s fi rst as well as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets species and ecosystem diversity; use its National Biodiversity Strategy and Ac- under the CBD of 2010, both of which biodiversity components sustainably; and tion Plan (NBSAP1) in Zambia which the country had adopted. This drafting of share the benefi ts derived from the use of operationalized the CBD, was based on the NBSAP2 did not help matters, as no its genetic resources equitably among its the very little information available at additional data on the country’s biodiver- citizenry. The development of biodiversi- the time and that which was gathered sity was collected from the fi eld. ty conservation programmes in the coun- through a one-month-long country study Regarding the present status of col- try is, however, rendered diffi cult by the on the country’s biodiversity undertaken lected Blattodea species in Zambia, the scarcity of information available on the in 1998 (Chidumayo & Aongola, 1998; collection is stored in the Livingstone country’s biodiversity, which is needed to Mbata, 1998; Ministry of Environment National Museum, the largest and old- develop the programmes. It goes without and Natural Resources [MENR], 1998). est museum in the country. It was estab- saying that in order for a country to con- The country study was sanctioned by the lished in 1934 during the colonial days serve its biodiversity and other natural re- MENR and sponsored by the Interna- as the David Livingstone Memorial sources eff ectively, it needs to know what tional Union for Conservation of Nature Museum and was also formerly called is there in the country to conserve, in the (IUCN). In 2015 the Ministry of Lands, Rhodes-Livingstone Museum. Its year fi rst place, and why, in the second place. Natural Resources and Environmental 1999 - insect collection register, exam- There is therefore a need for more, relia- Protection (MLNREP) carried out a revi- ined by the author in 2014, has on record 404 C A Biodiversity )LJXUH0DSRI=DPELDVKRZLQJSURYLQFHVDQGILHOGELRGLYHUVLW\VXUYH\FHQWUHV&KRZRIRUHVW1\LND1DWLRQDO3DUN6RXUFHRIWKH =DPEH]L5LYHU/XPDQJZH)DOOVDUHD&KLVKLPED)DOOVDUHD1RUWK/XDQJZD1DWLRQDO3DUN6RXWK/XDQJZD1DWLRQDO3DUN 7UHHWRSVVFKRROFDPS.DIXH1DWLRQDO3DUN&KDNZHQJD/RZHU=DPEH]L1DWLRQDO3DUN 25 genera and 52 species of termites and paper reports on an annotated checklist Park on the Nyika Plateau in Muchinga 470 termite specimens that were identi- developed for cockroaches and termites Province, in the northeast of the country; fi ed only to the genus level. The termite of Zambia. the source of the Zambezi River in the collection is a relatively recent one. The North-Western Province; Luapula and oldest specimen, identifi ed to genus level Northern Provinces; North and South only, is Macrotermes sp., collected from Study area Luangwa National Parks; Lower Zam- Lusaka by M. G. Bingham. The most bezi National Park; and Kafue National recent termite specimen, also identifi ed For the lite rature study, the entire coun- Park (KNP) (Fig. 1). The latter is the only to genus level is Trinervitermes try of Zambia was considered. Field largest national park in the country and sp., collected in 1982 by P. Nkunika surveys were carried out in six selected the fi fth largest in Africa. from Lochinvar National Park in Monze, study areas throughout the country. Zam- Zambia has three distinct seasons Southern Province. Suprisingly enough, bia lies on the anterior African high pla- – namely, a rainy season (November– the Livingstone National Museum had no teau, between 1000 m and 1600 m above April), a cool dry season (May/June– specimens of cockroaches of Zambia at sea level, consisting mainly of a series August), and a hot dry season (Septem- the time of the author’s visit in 2014. of gently undulating to fl at plateaux oc- ber–October/November). The relatively This gap in knowledge on Zambia’s casionally broken by isolated hills or high altitude gives the country pleasant biodiversity has now started to be fi lled low ranges of resistant rocks (Davies, subtropical weather during the cool dry up through a fi ve-year project on Zam- 1971). The
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  • MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY of PERIPLANETA FULIGINOSA from LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS, INDIA USING CYTOCHROME OXIDASE SUBUNIT GENE SEQUENCE Akhilesh, V

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    Akhilesh, V. P et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (6) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Research Article MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF PERIPLANETA FULIGINOSA FROM LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS, INDIA USING CYTOCHROME OXIDASE SUBUNIT GENE SEQUENCE Akhilesh, V. P.1, Femida, M. P.2 and Sebastian, C. D.3* 1Research Scholar, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India 2Student, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India 3Assistant Professor, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 21/03/15 Revised on: 23/04/15 Approved for publication: 25/05/15 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.06679 ABSTRACT Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattoidea, sometimes also called Blattaria. Cockroaches live in a wide range of environments around the world, having broad, flattened bodies and relatively small heads. They are generalized insects, with few special adaptations and may be among the most primitive living neopteran insects. The smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa) is a larger species of winged cockroach, which prefer warmer climates. Though closely related to American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), the smoky brown cockroach is readily distinguishable by its uniformly dark brown – mahogany coloration with a shiny thorax. No molecular barcoding data is available for this species that can be used for its precise identification. In this study, we have PCR amplified and sequenced cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of Periplaneta fuliginosa collected from Lakshadweep Islands for molecular level identification and constructed phylogenetic tree for recognizing its evolutionary relationship.
  • German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattellidae)1 S

    German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattellidae)1 S

    EENY-002 doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1283-2020 German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattellidae)1 S. Valles2 The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of Distribution insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant The German cockroach is found throughout the world to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested in association with humans. They are unable to survive laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as in locations away from humans or human activity. The academic audiences. major factor limiting German cockroach survival appears to be cold temperatures. Studies have shown that German Introduction cockroaches were unable to colonize inactive ships during The German cockroach (Figure 1) is the cockroach of cool temperatures and could not survive in homes without concern, the species that gives all other cockroaches a bad central heating in northern climates. The availability name. It occurs in structures throughout Florida, and is of water, food, and harborage also govern the ability of the species that typically plagues multifamily dwellings. In German cockroaches to establish populations, and limit Florida, the German cockroach may be confused with the growth. Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo. While these cockroaches are very similar, there are some differences that Description a practiced eye can discern. Egg Eggs are carried in an egg case, or ootheca, by the female until just before hatch occurs. The ootheca can be seen protruding from the posterior end (genital chamber) of the female. Nymphs will often hatch from the ootheca while the female is still carrying it (Figure 2).
  • A Dichotomous Key for the Identification of the Cockroach Fauna (Insecta: Blattaria) of Florida

    A Dichotomous Key for the Identification of the Cockroach Fauna (Insecta: Blattaria) of Florida

    Species Identification - Cockroaches of Florida 1 A Dichotomous Key for the Identification of the Cockroach fauna (Insecta: Blattaria) of Florida Insect Classification Exercise Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 Abstract: Students used available literature and specimens to produce a dichotomous key to species of cockroaches recorded from Florida. This exercise introduced students to techniques used in studying a group of insects, in this case Blattaria, to produce a regional species key. Producing a guide to a group of insects as a class exercise has proven useful both as a teaching tool and as a method to generate information for the public. Key Words: Blattaria, Florida, Blatta, Eurycotis, Periplaneta, Arenivaga, Compsodes, Holocompsa, Myrmecoblatta, Blatella, Cariblatta, Chorisoneura, Euthlastoblatta, Ischnoptera,Latiblatta, Neoblatella, Parcoblatta, Plectoptera, Supella, Symploce,Blaberus, Epilampra, Hemiblabera, Nauphoeta, Panchlora, Phoetalia, Pycnoscelis, Rhyparobia, distributions, systematics, education, teaching, techniques. Identification of cockroaches is limited here to adults. A major source of confusion is the recogni- tion of adults from nymphs (Figs. 1, 2). There are subjective differences, as well as morphological differences. Immature cockroaches are known as nymphs. Nymphs closely resemble adults except nymphs are generally smaller and lack wings and genital openings or copulatory appendages at the tip of their abdomen. Many species, however, have wingless adult females. Nymphs of these may be recognized by their shorter, relatively broad cerci and lack of external genitalia. Male cockroaches possess styli in addition to paired cerci. Styli arise from the subgenital plate and are generally con- spicuous, but may also be reduced in some species. Styli are absent in adult females and nymphs.