Noivttatesamerican MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET NEW YORK

NoivttatesAMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK. N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2697 JULY 11, 1980

RANDALL T. SCHUH AND JOHN D. LATTIN Myrmecophyes oregonensis, a New Species of Halticini (Hemiptera, Miridae) from the Western United States

AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2697, pp. 1-1 1, figs. 1-9 July 11, 1980 Myrmecophyes oregonensis, a New Species of Halticini (Hemiptera, Miridae) from the Western United States

RANDALL T. SCHUH1 AND JOHN D. LATTIN2

ABSTRACT Myrmecophyes oregonensis (Hemiptera, Miri- female genitalia, femoral trichobothria, and pre- dae, Orthotylinae, Halticini) is described as new tarsus. This saltatorial antlike species apparently from central and south central Oregon. This is the breeds on the native perennial bunch grass Agro- first record of the genus from the Western Hemi- pyron spicatum. sphere. Information is provided on the male and INTRODUCTION The present paper is the result of recent nymphs. Messrs. Michael Schwartz and Gary work in central and south central Oregon, Stonedahl collected material from two addi- where a single female mirid was found and tional localities. We thank Ms. Bonnie Hall which could not be placed in any genus pre- for the dorsal view drawings, Ms. Kathleen viously known from North America. Subse- Schmidt for the line drawings and Ms. Bren- quent collecting yielded numbers of males da M. Massie for help with the preparation and females such that comparisons with pre- of the manuscript. The Oregon State Uni- viously described taxa were possible. versity General Research Fund provided Mr. David Lightfoot made the initial cap- funds for the dorsal view drawings. ture in 1976, recognized the unusual nature Abbreviations in the locality data are: of the specimen, and made special efforts to American Museum of Natural History obtain additional material. Dr. Paul Oman (AMNH); California Academy of Sciences provided valuable assistance in collecting the (CAS); Zoological Institute, Leningrad (LM); large series in 1978 and 1979. Dr. James Oregon State University Systematic Ento- Kamm made available vacuum sampler col- mology Laboratory (OSU); National Muse- lections taken at the type locality in 1974 by um of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- Mr. James Todd that contained adults and tution (USNM).

I Associate Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. 2 Professor, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.

FIG. 1. Myrmecophyes oregonensis. 1980 SCHUH AND LATTIN: MYRMECOPHYES OREGONENSIS 3

.}I.

'Po

FIG. 2. Anapus americanus. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2697

Myrmecophyes oregonensis, new species tum; height of face below eyes slightly greater Figures 1-19 than twice the height of an eye (fig. 4); anten- nae inserted well below ventral margin of eye, DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by its elongate all segments cylindrical, one slightly enlarged, face, with the height of the face below the two increasing slightly in diameter distally, eye slightly greater than two times the height diameter of three and four subequal to distal of the eye, the substylate eyes projecting portion of segment two (see measurements); well beyond the lateral margins of the prono- labium very stout, reaching to posterior mar- tum, the generally highly polished shining gin of second abdominal sternite (fig. 5); body surface, the strongly basally constrict- pronotum more or less quadrate in dorsal ed abdomen, striking antlike habitus, and the view, anterior margin smoothly convexly form of the male genitalia. curved, flattened, and weakly reflexed; lat- DESCRIPTION: Brachypterous male. Fig- eral margins smoothly rounded in all views, ures 1, 3-5. Small, antlike; pronotum, hem- posterior margin concave across scutellum; elytra, and abdomen jet black; scutellum pronotal lobes not demarcated, disc with two with reddish cast posteromesially; head, weak, proximal depressions; scutellum de- meso- and metathoracic pleura, and legs ex- clining steeply from midline, without carinae cept tarsi, medium orange-brown; antennal or impressed lines; hemelytra greatly re- segments one and two pale yellow brown; duced, undifferentiated, reaching only to frons and labrum usually infuscate; tibiae posterior margin of abdominal tergite two; distally, all tarsi, and antennal segments three claval suture represented posteriorly by a and four nearly black; spines on antennal distinct carina, lateral and posterior hemel- segment one and all femora and tibiae black. ytral margins narrowly but distinctly re- Dorsum except scutellum highly polished, flexed; abdomen greatly expanded posterior shining; scutellum shagreened, with whitish to basal segments, especially in lateral view, bloomlike appearance; thoracic pleura and lateral margins evenly rounded in dorsal all appendages dull; head and pronotum with view; dorsal margin of genital capsule a few nearly erect black hairs; claval portion strongly sloping posteroventrally in lateral of hemelytra and abdominal tergites three, view; protibiae relatively short, distinctly in- four, and five with weakly shining, appressed, creasing in diameter distally, mesotibiae and scalelike setae; remainder of abdominal dor- metatibiae cylindrical; metafemora not con- sum with scattered, short, reclining setae, ab- spicuously enlarged; six mesofemoral tricho- dominal venter with numerous, relatively bothria (fig. 6), seven metafemoral tricho- long, light, reclining setae; mesial and ventral bothria (fig. 7), basal structure of surface of antennal segment one with ap- trichobothria as in figure 16, trichoma com- proximately 10 erect black spines of length pact, bothrium recessed; tarsi as in figure 1, slightly greater than diameter of segment, claws relatively broad basally, smoothly segments two, three, and four with short recurved and tapering distally, pulvilli absent; clining vestiture mixed with slightly longer claw hairs absent, basal claw spicules pres- reclining black setae; femora with some in- ent (figs. 17-19; see Schuh, 1976), parem- conspicuous, reclining, pale setae and a few podia fleshy, recurved, convergent apically. semierect black spines on dorsal surface; MALE GENITALIA: Figures 8-10. Vesica tibiae with scattered, erect spines about as with a well-developed secondary gonopore, long as tibial diameter. two confluent subterminal, spinose lobes, Head vertical; vertex broad, smooth, ecar- and two heavily sclerotized spines, one lan- inate, nearly flat in frontal view at about level ceolate, the other with a curved distal por- as dorsal margin of eyes (figs. 4, 5); eyes rel- tion and a median thumblike projection; left atively small, substylate, well removed from paramere with more or less cylindrical shaft, anterolateral angles of pronotum and pro- tapering distally, hooked apically, and with jecting well beyond lateral margins of prono- a row of erect setae subapically on outer 1980 SCHUH AND LATTIN: MYRMECOPHYES OREGONENSIS 5s

_ If t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Eet

FIGS. 3-10. Myrmecophyes oregonensis. 3. Dorsal view of male. 4. Frontal view of head of male. 5. Lateral view of male. 6. Mesofemoral trichobothria. 7. Metafemoral trichobothria. 8. Left paramere. 9. Right paramere. 10. Lateral view of aedeagus, including phallobase. margin; right paramere with a long basal Posterior wall anterolaterally with fine, shaft, flattened and spoon shaped distally closely spaced, transverse striae, posteriorly with a single row of erect setae. with a distinctly sclerotized trapezoidal BRACHYPTEROUS FEMALE: Figures 11- platelike area with a "finger-like" projection 13. Very similar in coloration, vestiture, and arising laterobasally; sclerotized structures body surface texture to male, body propor- in vulvar area between bases of anterior tions different (compare figs. 3-5 and 11-13 ovipositor valves symmetrical; rings of bursa and measurements); abdomen more conspic- copulatrix lightly sclerotized, not inflexed uously bulbous than in male. laterally. FEMALE GENITALIA: Figures 14, 15. MEASUREMENTS (MALE AND FEMALE, RE- 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2697

FIGS. 11-15. Myrmecophyes oregonensis. 11. Dorsal view of female. 12. Frontal view of head of female. 13. Lateral view of female. 14. Posterior wall of female genitalia. 15. Dorsal view of bursa copulatrix and associated structures of female. 1980 SCHUH AND LATTIN: MYRMECOPHYES OREGONENSIS 7

pp-

S I- !V ;~PW ;!Iso ~ FIGS. 16-19. Myrmecophyes oregonsis. 16. Mesofemoral trichobothrium, 2200x. 17. Base of claw, lateral view, 2100x. 18. Lateral view of claw, 800x. 19. Lateral view of claw, 1850x.

SPECTIVELY): Total length 2.53, 3.03; length M. Schwartz, R. T. Schuh; AMNH, LM, of head .28, .45; width of head .88, 1.03; in- OSU), Sd , 9??. Harney County: same terocular space .45, .58; height of head .90, data as holotype (AMNH, CAS, LM, OSU, 1.03; length of pronotum at midline .41, .50, USNM), 15d 6, 6 9Y; same data as holotype width of pronotum .63, .70; length of scutel- but June 11, 1974, Range 6, in, ex Agropyron lum .30, .28; width of scutellum .48, .50; spicatum, D-Vac sample (2 6, 2Y 9), maximum length of hemelytra .48, .63; Range 6, in, ex Festuca idahoensis, D-Vac length of claval commissure .30, .33; length sample (26 6), Range 6, in, misc., D-Vac of metatibia 2.00, 2.15; antennal segments- sample (1 , 1 Y), Range 7, in, ex Agropyron one .40, .38, two 1.33, 1.25, three .90, .93, spicatum, D-Vac sample (1 9), Range 7, in, four .33, .35. ex Festuca idahoensis (1 ), Range 7, out, HOLOTYPE: Brachypterous male. Ore- ex Agropyron spicatum, D-Vac sample (1 ), gon, Harney County, Headquarters Squaw Range 7, out, misc., D-Vac sample (1 6, 1 9) Butte Experiment Station, 55 km. W of (all J. Todd; OSU); same data as holotype Burns, 1540 m., June 15, 1978, J. D. Lattin but July 1, 1976 (D. Lightfoot; AMNH), 1 9; and P. Oman; deposited in American Mu- entrance, Squaw Butte Experiment Station, seum of Natural History. June 15, 1978 (J. D. Lattin, P. Oman; OSU), PARATYPES: OREGON. Deschutes 46K ,299. Lake County: IOmi. NWofSil- County: 14 mi. S of Millican, Pine Moun- ver Lake on Oregon Hwy 31, 1500 meters, tain, RiSE T205 Sec 34, 1700 meters, June May 27, 1979, ex Agropyron spicatum (M. 21, 1979, ex Agropyron spicatum (P. Oman, Schwartz; OSU), 1 d, 1 9; same data as 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2697 above but June 25, 1979 (J. D. Lattin, R. T. is over twice the height of an eye (25:11), Schuh, M. Schwartz, G. Stonedahl; AMNH, in apparent agreement with Wagner's diag- OSU), 6cdd, 5 YY . nosis. Only true segment two (segment ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS: Same data as one existing only as an obscured tergite) holotype but Range 6, in, ex Agropyron spi- of the abdomen is constricted (lateral view); catum, D-Vac sample, (two nymphs), Range Wagner's (1973, p. 5) drawing is probably 7, in, ex Festuca idahoensis, D-Vac sample in error, in that it shows a complete first (two nymphs) (J. Todd; OSU). sternite and tergite in alboornatus. The ab- DISCUSSION: Myrmecophyes oregonen- domen is nearly spherical behind. The ori- sis possesses the defining characters of the entation of the opening of the genital seg- subfamily Orthotylinae, tribe Halticini (Car- ment in Wagner's drawing does not agree valho, 1952, 1955; Wagner, 1955; Schuh, with his diagnosis, and neither is the opening 1974), including the elongate face below the in oregonensis perpendicular and directed eyes, the broad vertex, and the distinctive downward, but rather posteriorly. parameres of the male genitalia. Using Car- Bykov (1971) has produced the most re- valho's (1955) keys to the genera of Miridae cent comprehensive work on Myrmeco- of the World, oregonensis runs to couplet 18 phyes; he did not provide a diagnosis for the of the Halticini but does not agree with either genus but did provide illustrations of the half of that dichotomy. Carvalho (1952, 1955, head, hemelytra, and male genitalia and de- 1958) placed Myrmecophyes-the only de- fined six species groups. He included a key scribed genus of Miridae to which oregon- to the 18 species known from the Tien-Shan ensis plausibly might belong-in the Pilo- area of Soviet Central Asia, six of which he phorini on the basis of antlike appearance, described as new; he divided these into six in spite of its Halticini defining characters. species groups on the basis of wing, color, We examined existing diagnoses of Myrme- and setal characteristics. His work did not cophyes to determine if oregonensis is ac- include seven species previously described tually one of its members. Wagner (1955) and from Asia by Reuter (1904), Horvaith (1927), Schuh (1974) placed Myrmecophyes in the and Kiritschenko (1931), nor of course M. Pilophorini. latus Wagner (1975) from Yugoslavia, M. Wagner (e.g., 1973) who has produced the gallicus Wagner (1976) from southern France, most recent general works on the Hemiptera and M. montenegrinus Wagner (1976) from of the Western Palearctic, diagnosed Myr- Yugoslavia. Examination of Kiritschenko's mecophyes as having an antlike appearance, (1931) dorsal view illustrations indicates, generally black coloration, hemelytra with however, that a diagnosis based on alboor- pale markings, usually reduced hemelytra, natus, as Wagner's apparently was, may be macropterous forms with the cuneus undif- misleading, in that alboornatus has an ap- ferentiated and the veins of the membrane parently more strongly inflated abdomen not forming cells, the head under the eyes than that in many of the Asian species, thus more than twice the height of an eye, seg- giving the appearance of a strong basal con- ments one and two of the abdomen strongly striction. constricted, the abdomen almost spherical Myrmecophyes oregonensis runs to nitens behind, the abdomen of the male in lateral Bykov in Bykov's key (1971), but differs view with the genital opening perpendicular from it in the color of the head and legs, the and directed downward, and the left para- shagreened scutellum, and other characters. mere with the hypophysis in the shape of a The male genitalia of oregonensis have narrow straight point. features much like those illustrated for the Considering these characters in turn, ore- Central Asian species by Bykov, including gonensis agrees in its antlike appearance and the large spicules and spinose membranous general coloration. The hemelytra are not lobes of the vesica. The claspers are char- marked with white and no macropterous acteristic for the Halticini. Kelton (1959) ex- forms are known. The head below the eyes amined the male genitalia of the following 1980 SCHUH AND LATTIN: MYRMECOPHYES OREGONENSIS 9 halticine genera: Euryopicoris Reuter, Hal- ing well beyond the pronotum laterally, ticus Hahn, Labops Burmeister, Orthoce- whereas in americanus they are "sessile" phalus Fieber, and Strongylocoris Blan- and the width of the head is more or less chard. Ofthese, the vesica of Myrmecophyes equal to the maximum width of the prono- probably is closest to that of Orthocephalus tum. In lateral view, americanus has a near- mutabilis (Fallen) in its possession of well- ly spherical abdomen, although it is some- developed spiculi. Further comparative stud- what less strongly constricted basally than ies of halticine male genitalia would certainly that of oregonensis. Anapus americanus has be valuable in helping to establish relation- a dull, shagreened body surface, generally ships within the group. covered with sericeous scalelike setae; ore- The only descriptive information on Hal- gonensis has a highly polished body with ticini female genitalia seems to be the work some scalelike setae at the base of the hem- of Slater (1950) who examined species of elytra and on abdominal tergites three, four, Halticus, Labops, Orthocephalus, and and five. Strongylocoris. The posterior wall of ore- This species does present an interesting gonensis seems to resemble that of Halticus distributional disjunction, because all previ- intermedius Uhler as illustrated by Slater ously described species of Myrmecophyes (1950). The bursa copulatrix and associated are distributed from Soviet Central Asia to structures of oregonensis do not particularly western Europe. The significance of this dis- resemble those for any species illustrated in junction is difficult to assess because of the the literature. As with the male, serious com- scanty information available on most mem- parative morphological work is needed for bers of the genus. It may, however, have the female genitalia of the Halticini. parallels in other halticines, such as Anapus One structure of interest was observed StAl and possibly Labops. Such apparent during our dissection of female oregonensis. distributional anomalies offer challenging The small sclerites which lie at the base of problems in phylogenetic and biogeographic the anterior ovipositor valves in the vulvar analysis. area ventral of the bursa copulatrix are sym- Holarctic distributions might be divided metrical. This is in marked contrast to into two groups. Those of widely distributed species of the Phylinae that we have exam- taxa and those with more restricted distri- ined in which these structures are weakly to butions in each hemisphere. Both types have strongly asymmetrical (see Henry and been treated as Beringian dispersal phenom- Schuh, 1979). Thus, we may have informa- ena in many biogeographic analyses (Gres- tion indicating that these structures are not sitt, 1963). Myrmecophyes is poorly repre- always asymmetrical in the Miridae, and that sented in the western Palearctic and is not in their asymmetrical (derived) state they known from eastern North America, two may be useful in recognizing higher groups areas that are very well collected. No infor- within the family. mation is available on the far eastern Pale- Our morphological examinations suggest, arctic. Further collecting in Siberia and the then, that of known Halticini genera, ore- western United States might reveal addition- gonensis seems to agree most closely with al related taxa. Even if such taxa were found, Myrmecophyes. they would not necessarily reveal a history The only taxon presently described from of Late Tertiary dispersal across Beringia, North America which seems to show a po- but might suggest an older history for the tentially close relationship with oregonensis group. Only a phylogenetic analysis of in- is Anapus americanus Knight (1959) (fig. 2). cluded species would clarify this point. Phy- The two taxa differ in a number of charac- logenies congruent with equivalent distribu- ters. The height of the head below the eyes tions for other groups would lend support to in americanus is just two times the height of a non-dispersal explanation for these wide- an eye (26:13). The eyes in oregonensis ranging distributions. might be considered "substylate," project- HABITAT: The type locality southwest of 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2697

Burns, Oregon is in a shrub-steppe featuring Yachevskii (1967) recorded M. alboornatus Artemisia tridentata Nutt., and the native as occurring on Agropyron spp. in the Eu- perennial bunch grass Agropyron spicatum ropean USSR; Bykov (1971) recorded M. (Pursh.) Scribn. and Sm. (Franklin and Dyr- macrotrichius Horvath as occurring on Fes- ness, 1973). Scattered juniper trees are found tuca and Carex, and indicated that several nearby. Annual precipitation is about 30 cm. other species of Myrmecophyes are widely Temperatures range from -11° C. in January polyphagous on herbaceous plants, although to 300 C. in July. he did not say if these habits apply to Specimens in the long series of adults of nymphs and adults or adults only. Thus, it both sexes collected on May 27, 1978 at the is possible that some of the species treated type locality were first encountered beneath by Bykov may breed on grasses and then rocks about 10 A.M. As the morning warmed disperse and feed on other non-gramina- up, individuals were swept from a variety of ceous plants later in the season, as is com- grasses, particularly on the developing monly observed in Irbisia spp. in the west- heads. This was a disturbed area near the ern United States, for example (M. Schwartz, buildings of the station. Additional speci- personal commun.). mens were collected in late afternoon just Several other genera of Halticini appear to inside the entrance to the station in an un- be closely associated with grasses and prob- disturbed situation with fewer species of ably some other monocots. Records for Ker- grasses. This latter site was a typical Arte- zhner and Yachevskii (1967), Wagner (1973), misia-Agropyron spicatum habitat. Speci- and North American collections indicate that mens were collected from both Festuca ida- members of the genera Chlorosomella Hor- hoensis Elmer and Agropyron spicatum with vath, Dimorphocoris Reuter, Oraniella Reu- a suction device on June 11, 1974 by James ter, and Labops all breed on grasses, Labops Todd at several sites on the station. Late in- possibly also breeding on Cyperaceae and star nymphs were included in samples from Juncaceae; Wagner (1973) recorded Schoe- both grass species. Specimens from the Pine nocoris Reuter on Juncaceae. The genera Mountain and Silver Lake localities, some Anapus, Halticidea Reuter, Orthocephalus distance to the west of the type locality, were and Halticus also are known to feed on taken in undisturbed Artemisia-Agropyron grasses (Kerzhner and Yachevskii, 1967; habitat (also with scattered juniper) on Agro- Wagner, 1973; personal observ.) although pyron spicatum. they also feed on a number of genera of an- Myrmecophyes oregonensis is likely wide- nual dicots. Anapomella Putshkov, Euryopi- spread, at least throughout the Artemisia- coris Reuter, Pachytomella Reuter, Piezo- Agropyron spicatum region. It belongs to a cranum Horvaith, Plagiotylus Scott, and small, but discrete early-season steppe He- Strongylocoris apparently do not feed on miptera fauna that includes Labops spp. and grasses (Kerzhner and Yachevskii, 1967; the moss tingid Acalypta cooleyi Drake. Fur- Wagner, 1973). ther collecting during the early spring HABITS: Myrmecophyes oregonensis throughout the steppe region may produce cannot fly, but can jump distances up to 10 additional taxa for this early appearing fau- cm. na. The appearance and relative abundance of LITERATURE CITED M. oregonensis seem to be correlated with A. the phenology of its grass host or hosts. The Bykov, A. 1971. Mirid bugs of the genus Myrmecophyes species is often collected in association with Fieb. (Heteroptera, Miridae) in the fau- members of the grass feeding mirine tribe na of Tien-Shan and the Pamir-Alai. Stenodemini. Ent. Rev., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 495-501. The habits of M. oregonensis appear to [Translated from Russian.] agree with those of at least some Old World Carvalho, J. C. M. species of Myrmecophyes. Kerzhner and 1952. On the major classification of the Miri- 1980 SCHUH AND LATTIN: MYRMECOPHYES OREGONENSIS 11

dae (Hemiptera). (With keys to the speditisii 1928. VIII. Academie der Wis- subfamilies and tribes and a catalog of senschaften, Leningrad, pp. 77-118, 2 the World genera.) An. Acad. Brasileira plates. Cienc., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 31-111. Knight, H. H. 1955. Keys to the genera of Miridae of the 1959. New genera and species of North Amer- World (Hemiptera). Bol. Mus. Paraense ican Miridae (Hemiptera). Iowa St. Emelio Goeldi, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1-151. Coll. Jour. Sci., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 421- 1958. Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. 426. Part 3. Subfamily Orthotylinae. Arq. Reuter, 0. M. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, vol. 47, pp. 1904. Capsidae novae rossicae. Ofv. Finska 1-161. Vet.-Soc. Fbrh., vol. 46, no. 4, 17 pp. Franklin, J. F., and C. T. Dymess Schuh, R. T. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Wash- 1974. The Orthotylinae and Phylinae (Hemip- ington. U. S. Forest Serv., Gen. Tech. tera: Miridae) of South Africa with a Rep. PNW-8, 417 pp. phylogenetic analysis of the ant-mimetic Gressitt, J. L. (ED.) tribes of the two subfamilies for the 1963. Pacific Basin biogeography. Honolulu, World. Ent. Amer., vol. 47, pp. 1-332. Bisphop Museum Press, 563 pp. 1976. Pretarsal structure in the Miridae (He- Henry, T. J., and R. T. Schuh miptera) with a cladistic analysis of re- 1979. Redescription of Beamerella Knight and lationships within the family. Amer. Hambletoniola Carvalho and included Mus. Novitates, no. 2601, 39 pp. species (Hemiptera, Miridae), with a re- Slater, J. A. view of their relationships. Amer. Mus. 1950. An investigation of the female genitalia Novitates, no. 2689, 13 pp. as taxonomic characters in the Miridae Horvath, G. (Hemiptera). Iowa St. Coll. Jour. Sci., 1927. Species miridarum generis Myrmeco- vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-81. phyes Fieb. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Wagner, E. vol. 23, pp. 187-197. 1955. Bemerkungen zum System der Miridae Kelton, L. A. (Hem. Het). Deutsche Ent. Zeit., vol. 1959. Male genitalia as taxonomic characters 2, no. 5, pp. 230-242. in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Canadian 1973. Die Miridae Hahn, 1831, des Mittel- Ent., vol. 91, suppl. 11, 72 pp. meerraumes und der Makaronesischen Kerzhner, I. M., and T. L. Yachevskii Inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Part 1967. Order Hemiptera (Heteroptera). In 2., Ent. Abh., vol. 39 suppl., 421 pp. Keys to the insects of the European 1975. Vier neue Miriden (Insecta, Hemiptera, USSR. Vol. 1. Apterygota, Paleoptera, Heteroptera) aus dem Mittelmeerge- Hemimetabola, pp. 851-1118. Acad. biete. Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amster- Sci. USSR. Zoological Institute. [En- dam, vol. 4, no. 17, pp. 141-148. glish translation by Israeli Program for 1976. Noch zwei Myrmecophyes-Arten aus Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.] dem Mittelmeerraum (Hemiptera, Het- Kiritschenko, A. N. eroptera, Miridae). Reichenbachia, vol. 1931. The Hemiptera. Trudy Pamirskoi Ek- 16, no. 14, pp. 157-162.