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A Biography of Luis N. Morones, Mexican Labor and Political Leader. Camile Nick Buford Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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A Biography of Luis N. Morones, Mexican Labor and Political Leader. Camile Nick Buford Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1971 A Biography of Luis N. Morones, Mexican Labor and Political Leader. Camile Nick Buford Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Buford, Camile Nick, "A Biography of Luis N. Morones, Mexican Labor and Political Leader." (1971). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2031. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2031 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 72-3467 BUFORD, Camile Nick, 1941- A BIOGRAPHY OF LUIS N. MORONES, MEXICAN LABOR AND POLITICAL LEADER. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1971 CAMILE NICK BUFORD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A BIOGRAPHY OF LUIS N. MORONES, MEXICAN LABOR AHD POLITICAL LEADER A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History fcy Nick Buford B.A., Lamar State College of Technology, I96U M.A., Lamar State College of Technology, 1967 August, 1971 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is difficult to express adequate appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Jane L. De Grummond. Not only has her constructive criticism been graciously extended, but it was in her course, "A History of Mexico," that this topic was first conceived. I wish also to thank my wife, Gloria Herminia. Without her aid and patient encouragement, this work would not have been com­ pleted. IX Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MEXICAN LABOR MOVEMENT TO I9LL . 1 Porfirio Diaz's labor policy, I876-I9IO ............ 1 Francisco Madero and l a b o r ........................ 2 Casa del Obrero M u n d i a l ........................... 3 II. EARLY CAREER AND PRE-CROM PERIOD........................ 6 B i r t h ............................................ 6 Education ......................................... 6 Early labor agitation .............................. 7 Venustiano Carranza and labor ..................... 9 Samuel Gompers and Mexican labor .................. 13 Socialist Workers' P a r t y ..............................16 Abortive effort to establish a nation-wide labor organization.................................... 17 I H . CROM, P.A.F.L., AND P.L.M. F O U N D I N G S ..................... 19 CROM founding. • • * * * * • .♦ * • 19 CROM structure and composition........................ 21 Grupo A c c i o n ..........................................23 CROM ideology..........................................2k P.A.F.L. f o u n d i n g ....................................25 P.L.M. founding.......................................31 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. IV. MORGUES AND CROM DURING OBREGON'S PRESIDENCY, 1920-2^ ................................................... 36 Plan of Agua Prieta.................................... 36 Unofficial envoy to Washington........................ 39 CROM p a t r o n a g e ....................................... UO Counterbalance to CROM................................. U3 CROM g r o w t h .......................................... b5 P.L.M. platform .............................. b6 C.G.T ^7 CROM relations with the A.F.T.U........................ ^9 The de la Kuerta r e b e l l i o n ........................... 50 Bucareli Conferences and Field Jurado assassination.......................................... 5b Two hundred bullets. .............................. 63 Gompers lauds Moronss .............................. 66 Mexican emigration to the United States ............ 68 V. HEIGHT OF POWER. 1 9 2 ^ - 2 8 .................................78 .Calles-CROM pact.. ................................. 78 Calles1 inauguration................................. 8l Death of Samuel G o m p e r s .............................. 8U Zenith of P.L.M........................................ 85 Morones’ power .................................... 87 Morones' strike policy................................. 89 Morones and the judiciary.............................. 93 Textile convention of 1925-26 98 CROM growtn ....o......... 97 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CROM's agrarian p r o g r a m .............................. 100 CROM's educational policy.............................. 102 Morones and g r a f t .................................... 10U VI. THE PETROLEUM CONTROVERSY . 112 Petroleum Law of 1925 .............................. 113 The Tannehbaum l u n c h e o n .............................. 117 Ambiguous pronouncements.............................. 123 United States "invasion" of Mexico..................... 125 Reversal of policy ................................. 130 VII. MORONES AND THE CHURCH............................. 139 Catholic labor groups .............................. 139 Cristero Rebellion ................................. 139 A.F.L. reaction .................................... 1^3 Morones’ credo .................................... lUU VIII. FROM THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF I929 TO THE CROM SPLITS OF 1932 ....................................... lU8 Calles changes his m i n d .............................. 1^8 Myth of "sufragio efectivo, no reeleccion" .... 1U9 Opposition of Generals Gomez and Serrano............... 151 Waning of Morones' p o w e r .............................. 153 Obregon's assassination and its effects ............ 155 Morones' resignation .............................. 157 Morones claims his innocence........................... 159 Assassin's trial and testimony ..................... l6l v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Continuismo.......................................... 169 Founding of the P.N.R.................................. 170 Morones vs. Portes Gil................................. 172 CROM disintegration.................................... 175 Federal Labor Law of 1931.............................. 180 "CROM will bounce b a c k " .............................. 183 Incarceration.......................................... 183 CROM splits of 1932.................................... 185 Comparison of Lombardo Toledano and Morones. • 189 IX. MORONES' DECLINE UNDER CARDENAS, 1934-40..................191 Cardenas' labor policy................................. 193 Cache of arms.......................................... 198 Expulsion of Celestino Gasca........................... 201 "Crime without precedent".............................. 202 Ex i l e d................................................ 205 Return to Mexico....................................... 2l4 "The oil -is -ours" " .................................... 215 CROM split of 1938 ................................. 217 Election of I9U0 and the moribund P.A.F.L.............. 221 X. MORONES AND PERONISM...................................... 224 Peron's labor p o l i c y ................................. 22k Lima Inter-American Trade Union Conference .... 224 Visit to Buenos A i r e s ................................. 228 Organization of the C.I.T.............................. 229 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Invitation to the Peronists........................... 230 Death of E v i t a .......................................236 A.T.L.A.S..............................................236 XI. MORONES AND C O M M U N I S M ................................... 239 X U . MORONES, THE M A N ......................................... 259 Family l i f e ..........................................259 Physical appearance.......................... 259 Personality............................... 262 A l t r u i s m .............................................263 Diversions and p a s t i m e s .............................. 2oU Oratory............................. 266 Medical history ..... 268 Death and b u r i a l .................................... 269 XIII. CONCLUSION............................................... 273 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................... 282 APPENDIX.........................................................307 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ILLUSTRAHOHS PAGE CROM Banquet................................................ 26 Luis R. Morones in 1923 and 1 9 2 U ........................... 69 President Plutarco Elias Calles ........................ 82 President Calles and his Cabinet ........................ 83 President Emilio Portes Gil ............................... 171 CROM Manifestation,
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