South America

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N E SOUTH AMERICA W S P A Most names for a mammal M Some of this vast continent’s desert habitats haven’t In the English language alone, the puma 20 E has over 40 names including cougar, O T H N seen rain for 400 years, but - just like its rainforests panther, mountain lion, painter, and tropical glaciers - they still teem with wildlife. catamount (short for “cat-of-the- 25 17 mountain”) and deer tiger. Many sub-species also have their own names, 1 9 such as Florida panther and Yuma cougar. 8 18 21 10 Largest toucan 29 5 The toco toucan can grow to a length of 65 cm (2 ft 1 in), a third of which is its enormous bill. This feature is made 22 26 of keratin, which is what claws (and 3 human fingernails) are formed of. The 6 11 colourful beak includes air pockets too, so isn’t as heavy as it looks. 15 27 KEY 1. Scarlet ibis 4 12 19 2. Bottlenose dolphin (highest 2 23 jump for a dolphin) 16 3. Scarlet macaw 4. Golden poison-dart frog 5. Howler monkey (noisiest land 28 animal) 6. Green anaconda 13 7. Great white shark (largest Most poisonous frog 20 predatory fish) 4 8. Hummingbird Although it’s smaller than a woman’s 9. Sloth thumb, a single golden poison-dart 33 10. Hyacinth macaw (longest frog contains enough toxin to kill parrot) 10 men! For centuries, the deadly 7 11. Red-bellied piranha liquid was used to tip hunters’ 24 12. Black pacu blowgun darts, which is how this 29 13. Guanaco Colombian species earned its name. 14. Brown pelican (smallest 31 pelican) 15. Capybara (largest rodent) 16. Vicuña ( ) 6 Heaviest snake smallest camelid 17. Boto (largest river dolphin) Green anacondas live in the swamps of 14 18. Caiman tropical South America and Trinidad. 19. Jaguar (strongest bite for a One female, found in Brazil in 1960, was big cat relative to body size) 8.4 m (27 ft 6 in) long and measured 1.1 m 30 34 20. Puma (cougar) (3 ft 7 in) around – the same as a large 21. South American tapir 36 man’s chest. She weighed 500 lb (227 kg): 32 22. Giant anteater heavier than three washing machines! 23. Maned wolf 24. Opossum 35 25. Iguana 26. Peccary Slowest mammal Largest living bird of prey 27. Rhea 9 The three-toed sloth moves so little The Andean condor has a wingspan of up to 3.2 m (10 ft 5 in), and can 28. Coypu that algae grows on its furry coat, 29. Toco toucan giving it a greenish tint. It has a weigh as much as a four-year-old child. Being so heavy, it prefers to 30. Andean condor painfully slow walking speed, but in 30 31. Armadillo live in high, windy areas where it can trees, where it spends most of its 32. Chilean flamingo life, it can move twice as fast: up to glide on air currents. Condors are 33. Seagull 4.6 m (15 ft) per minute. vultures, so feed mostly on carrion. 34. Viscacha 35. Alpaca 36. Magellanic penguin.

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Brown Pelican
118 Pelicans — Family Pelecanidae Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis The failure of Brown Pelican nesting in southern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and its link to DDT, was a key case alerting the world to the unintended ill effects of persistent pesticides. Happily, once the release of DDT in the United States was banned, the pelicans recovered quickly. By the 1990s Brown Pelican was again common along San Diego County’s coast, numbers peaking in late summer and early fall. Nevertheless, the popu- lation remains fragile, and in California the Brown Pelican is still formally listed as an endangered spe- cies. The nesting colony nearest San Diego County is on Los Coronados Islands off Tijuana. Winter: The Brown Pelican is common all along San Diego County’s coast, as well as over the nearby ocean. Photo by Anthony Mercieca The largest numbers are where secure roost sites, on coastal bluffs or man-made structures, lie near good fish- ing, as at Torrey Pines State Reserve (N7; up to 218 on Diego Bay the pelican is more numerous north and west 26 December 1999, B. C. Moore), La Jolla (P7; 150 on 26 of the bridge than to the south of it, though many roost December 1998, L. and M. Polinsky), Point Loma (S7; 156 on the dikes of the salt works at the south end. on 18 December 1999, J. C. Worley), and North Island Brown Pelicans enter all lagoons open to the tide (S8; 302 on 18 December 1999, R. T. Patton). In San but, except at one site, are only casual on fresh water.
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