The Riverside Club, Stowupland Street Stowmarket
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The Riverside Club, Stowupland Street Stowmarket Desk-Based Assessment SCCAS Report No. 2013/024 Client: Riverside Entertainment Author: J. A. Craven March 2013 © Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service The Riverside Club, Stowupland Street Stowmarket Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Report SCCAS Report No. 2013/024 Author: J. A. Craven Contributions By: Anthony M Breen Report Date: March 2013 HER Information Site Name: The Riverside Club, Stowupland Street, Stowmarket Report Number 2013/024 Planning Application No: N/A Grid Reference: TM 0500 5883 Curatorial Officer: N/A Project Officer: John Craven Client/Funding Body: Riverside Entertainment Disclaimer Any opinions expressed in this report about the need for further archaeological work are those of the Field Projects Team alone. Ultimately the need for further work will be determined by the Local Planning Authority and its Archaeological Advisors when a planning application is registered. Suffolk County Council’s archaeological contracting services cannot accept responsibility for inconvenience caused to the clients should the Planning Authority take a different view to that expressed in the report. Contents Summary 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Site description 1 1.3 Topography and geology 1 1.4 Scope of this report 3 1.5 Aims 3 1.6 Methods 4 1.7 Legislative frameworks 5 1.7.1. National legislation or policy 5 1.7.2. Local policy and guidance 7 2. Results 9 2.1 Scheduled Monuments 9 2.2 Suffolk HER search 9 2.2.1 All known archaeological sites within the PDA 9 2.2.2 All known archaeological sites within the Study Area 9 Negative fieldwork 18 2.3 Conservation Areas and Listed Buildings 21 2.3.1 Conservation Area 21 2.3.2 Listed Buildings 21 2.4 Other Heritage within the Study Area 26 2.5 Documentary and cartographic study summary 26 2.6 Site inspection 32 3. Assessment of impacts and effects 33 3.1 The archaeological potential of the PDA 33 3.1.1 Prehistoric 33 3.1.2 Roman 33 3.1.3 Anglo-Saxon 33 3.1.4 Medieval 34 3.1.5 Post-medieval 34 3.2 Potential level of archaeological preservation within the PDA 35 3.3 Potential impact of development on the archaeological resource 35 3.4 Potential impact of development on other heritage assets 36 4. Mitigation measures 37 5. Conclusions/Recommendations 39 6. List of contributors and acknowledgements 39 7. Bibliography 40 List of Figures Figure 1. Location map 2 Figure 2. HER sites within the Study Area 10 Figure 3. Prehistoric and Roman HER sites within the Study Area 13 Figure 4. Medieval HER sites within the Study Area 16 Figure 5. Post-medieval HER sites within the Study Area 19 Figure 6. Undated and negative HER sites within the Study Area 20 Figure 7. Conservation Areas and Listed Buildings within the Study Area 22 Figure 8. Listed Buildings with potential line of sight to PDA 25 Figure 9. Extract from Saxtons’s Map of Suffolk, 1575 29 Figure 10. Extract from Speede’s Map of Suffolk, 1610 29 Figure 11. Location of the PDA on Hodskinson’s map of 1783 (not to scale). 30 Figure 12. Location of the PDA on 1st Edition Ordnance Survey, 1887, with Tithe map information superimposed. 30 Figure 13. Location of the PDA on 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey, 1904. 31 Figure 14. Location of the PDA on 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey, 1927. 31 List of Plates Plate 1. Henry Davy’s 1838 illustration, looking south from Pickerel bridge 28 List of Appendices Appendix 1. Documentary and Cartographic Study Appendix 2. Site inspection photographs List of Abbreviations used in the text BP Before Present DBA Desk Based Assessment HER Historic Environment Record LDF Local Development Framework NHLE National Heritage List for England NPPF National Planning Policy Framework PAS Portable Antiquities Scheme PDA Proposed Development Area PPG 16 Planning Policy Guidance 16 PPS 5 Planning Policy Statement 5 SM Scheduled Monument SCCAS/FT Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service/Field Team SCCAS/CT Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service/Conservation Team Summary Through an examination of the Suffolk HER and National Heritage List for England, a documentary and cartographic search and a site inspection, this DBA has set the PDA within its immediate historic and archaeological landscape. In general the topographic location of the PDA, together with the known archaeology and documented history of the area, suggests that there is a moderate to high potential for encountering archaeological remains of medieval and post-medieval date within the PDA and that such deposits are likely to be in a highly variable state of preservation. It is suggested that further archaeological investigation trial trench evaluation may be able to identify and assess the extent, character, density, depth and level of preservation of any archaeological deposits within the PDA, in accordance with national and local planning policy. However due to the current usage of the site it is not thought possible to do such work satisfactorily until the site is cleared, after planning consent is granted, and so could be requested by condition on the planning consent. Consultation with the LPA’s archaeological advisor, is recommended at the earliest possible opportunity to determine the actual program of any further archaeological works that may be required as part of any future planning application. 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Background This archaeological DBA has been prepared by SCCAS/FT for Riverside Entertaiment This DBA is intended to establish the potential of the PDA for heritage assets, as recommended by national and local planning policy, by characterising the nature, date and potential for survival of archaeological deposits upon the site and the extent to which such deposits could be impacted upon by the proposed residential development of the site. Advice as to the requirement and nature of further investigation to establish the archaeological potential of the PDA is also provided. 1.2 Site description The subject of this DBA covers an area of approximately 0.18ha centred at TM 0500 5883, in the parish of Stowmarket (Fig. 1). The PDA lies near the centre of the town, on the northern fringe of the historic core and c.110m west of Stowmarket Station. The PDA lies in an urban area of mixed residential or business properties. To north and west it is flanked by residential properties which front onto Stowupland Road, to the east by the River Gipping and to the south by a carpark and modern office block. The PDA is presently occupied by two main buildings, broadly aligned east-west, on the north and south sides. These are connected by a one storey structure on the eastern side and surround a central car parking area with access to Stowupland Road to the west. 1.3 Topography and geology The PDA is located on the western bank of the River Gipping at a height of c.30m above OD. The PDA is located on superficial alluvial deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravels, above Crag Group sands (British Geological Survey). 1 Norfolk SUFFOLK Essex 0 25km 0 1 2km2km 604900604900604900604900604900604900 604900 604900 604900604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900 604900605000605000605000 604900 604900605000 604900605000 604900605000 604900 604900 604900 605000 605000 605000 604900 604900 605000 605000 604900 605000 604900 605000 604900 604900 604900 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000 605000605100605100605100 605000 605000605100 605000605100 605000605100 605000 605000 605000 605100 605100 605100 605000 605000 605100 605100 605000 605100 605000 605100 605000 605000 605000 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 605100 604900 605000 605100 N 258900258900 258800258800 00 5050 100m100m 258700258700 258700258700 Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013 Figure 1. Location map 2 1.4 Scope of this report In order to set the PDA in its archaeological context a Study Area of a 1km radius from its centre was selected for examination (Figs. 2-7). In accordance with the NPPF, the Government’s guidance on archaeology and planning, this DBA examines the available archaeological and heritage sources to establish the potential of the PDA for heritage assets and the potential impact of the proposed development on such assets. These include the Suffolk HER, reports of any archaeological investigations, all readily available cartographic and documentary sources, and a site walkover. 1.5 Aims The aim of the DBA is to determine as far as reasonably practicable from the existing records, the previous landuse and history of the PDA, the nature of the known archaeological resource or other heritage assets within the Study Area, and the potential archaeological resource of the PDA. In particular the DBA will: Collate and assess the existing information regarding archaeological and historical remains within and adjacent to the site. Identify any known archaeological sites which are of sufficient potential importance to require an outright constraint on development (i.e. those that will need preservation in situ). Assess the potential for unrecorded archaeological sites within the application area. Assess the likely impact of past land uses (specifically, areas of quarrying) and the potential quality of preservation of below ground deposits, and where possible to model those deposits. Assess the potential for the use of particular investigative techniques in order to aid the formulation of any mitigation strategy. 3 1.6 Methods The following methods of data collection have been used to meet the aims of the DBA: A search of the Suffolk HER and NHLE for any records within the Study Area, and an examination of the literature with reference to archaeological excavations within the study area.