N PEAK~ Dnational~ Caring (Or a Living Landscape AC/S HARDENCLOUGH FARM, EDALE, DERBYSHIRE
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Hardenclough Farm Edale Derbyshire Archaeological Survey 1997 W.J. Bevan Survey Archaeologist Archaeology Service n PEAK~ dNATIONAL~ Caring (or a Living Landscape AC/S HARDENCLOUGH FARM, EDALE, DERBYSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1997 BILL BEVAN PEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK ARCHAEOLOGY SERVICE HOW TO USE THIS REPORT The following archaeological report is the result of a field survey of the farm or land undertaken by a Peak District National Park Authority survey archaeologist. It is divided into nine major parts to allow easy access to different aspects of the information. The Summary describes changes in land use over time and notes the main archaeological features. Use this section for a brief overview of the survey area as an archaeological landscape. The Introduction describes when the survey was conducted, for whom, its scale and scope. Use this section for brief details of the date of survey and other technical details. Part 1 is a concise description of the types and the date of archaeological features identified and also describes the field boundaries. Use this section for an overview of the archaeological features within the survey area and an outline of the field boundaries. Part 2 describes the character of the land and also discusses changes in land use over time, based on the features identified on the ground and from basic documentary work. Use this section for an outline of the development through time of the survey area as an archaeological landscape and for an assessment of the archaeological character of different parts of the area surveyed. Part 3 is the map, showing all of the archaeological features recognised by the survey. Use this section to find out the locations of sites within the survey area. Part 4 is the catalogue, listing all the archaeological features discovered by the survey. Use this section for a detailed description and an interpretation of each feature. Part 5 is an assessment of the relative ·importance of the features surveyed. Use this section as a gwde to the importance of individual archaeological features in the survey area. Part 6 is an outline guide to managing the arcliaeological features. Use this section for general suggestions on how archaeology can be managed in the landscape without undue interference with usual land management practices. Part 7 is a glossary. Use this section for definitions of archaeological terms used in the report. Part 8 is a bibliography of documents consulted in the writing of this report. Use this section if more background or detailed information on the types of site found within the survey area is required. In the Appendices is a description of all the archive material produced in conjunction with the survey, where ·rt is kept, and a note of l1ow the survey information was recorded. HAROENCLOUGH FAR/1.1 CONTENTS Page Summary Introduction 2 Part 1 Hardenclough Farm: Archaeological Features and Field Boundaries 2 Part 2 Hardenclough Farm: Changes in Land Use Through Time 4 Part 3 Hardenclough Farm: Location of Archaeological Features 8 Part 4 Hardenclough Farm: Catalogue of Archaeological Features 9 Part 5 Hardenclough Farm: Assessment of Relative Site Importance 15 Part 6 Safeguarding the Archaeological Heritage - What You Can Do 16 Part 7 Glossary of Archaeological Terms Used 19 Part 8 Bibliography 22 Appendices A Hardenclough Farm: Description of Survey Archive 23 B Feature Recording - Survey Specifications 23 Ackno.wledgements 23 ILLUSTRATIONS After Page Illustration 1 Location of Hardenclough Farm Contents Illustration 2 Area of Survey 1 Illustration 3 Field Boundaries 2 Illustration 4 Boundary Changes, 1839-1880 5 Illustration 5 Communication Routes 6 Illustration 6 Landscape Characterisation 7 Illustration 7 Archaeological Features 8 PEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK ARCJ-1/\EOLOGY SERVICE PROJECT KEY f{ARPt;N2tJfh/-I f/11<.H ,.--..__ &JU!JrfJAY OF Nfi//oAYIL fl1Rt< ILLUSTRATION NO. I ~ HMoR flOIWS g ~A~I:\~~ TITLE lff/fflOIJ of S{)f(Ltl AJ<E'fl 5Uf/.ikd 4KiS'.I Caring for a Living Landscaoe • Peak Park Joint Planning Board, FIELDWORK DATE l{A{C/11"1''17 Aldern House, Basiow Road. DRAWING DATE MNa{ 1'!17 Bakewell, Derbyshire, DE45 1AE Tel. 01629 816200 DRAFTSPERSON N,jB Fax.01629 816310 REF. / Bradfield • Stockport • Sheffield • Macclesfield • Longnor Hartington Wars low Leek • HARDENCLOUGN FARM HARDENCLOUGH FARM, EDALE, DERBYSHIRE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1997 BILL BEVAN SUMMARY Hardenclough Farm is situated on tl1e southern side of the Vale of Edale between Rushup Edge and Cold Side to the south and the River Noe to the north. It consists of improved pasture in the valley bottom and semi-improved pasture on the valley side landslip. Thirty-seven archaeological features were recorded by the 1997 survey dating from the Medieval period to the 20th century with two features possibly dating to Prehistory. Two features are of national or regional importance (features 5, 26). There is no surviving archaeological evidence yet discovered for human activity prior to the Medieval period except for a possible Prehistor'1c round house platform (feature 17) and possible Prehistoric antecedents for the hollow-way (feature 26) running along Rushup Edge. The earliest known historical records for the area date to 1068 when the area was granted to William Peveril by William the Conqueror as part of the Royal Forest of the Peak. By the 17th century, settlement reached such numbers that it was decided to take the area out of Forest Law. The area was enclosed by 1839. Three farmsteads were also in existence by this date · Small Clough · which contains 17th century architectural elements, Greenhill · which was recorded as early as 1650, and Harding Clough - which was to the south of the present Harden Clough. Harden Clough was built between 1880 and 1921. The relationship between hedges and walls suggests that hedges were earlier than walls and that the uppermost boundary of the enclosed land was progressively moved up the valley side. PEAK NATIONAL PARK ARC!-fAEOLOGY SEf"IVICE PROJECT KEY ~y OP SUR!JG>' ~ H~LLJlJ<iW FFIRM ILLUS"fBATION NO. 2. fl/¥1\ :5URU5'4' 6 Y gfA~I~~~ TITLE ;)OWN (Y¥1NAT'T" IN t'fq3 AP£ll cf 51.JR.V€! Caring for o LJving Landscape 0 Peak Park Joint Planning Boaro. FIELDWORK DATE rWIO< 1""7 Ndem Hoose, Baslow Road, Bakewell, Deroyshire, DE45 DRAWING DATE 111\Pcll I'l'l 7 ~AE Tel. 01629 816200 I DRAFTSPERSON f-};J'8 Fax. 01629_8J.63_.1.0_ I REF / i 0 KM MAM TOR HARDENCLOUGH FARM 2 HARDENCLOUGH FARM, EDALE, DERBYSHIRE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1997 INTRODUCTION The archaeological survey of this area was carried out in March 1997 for the National Trust. The survey area comprised a single large holding to the south of the River Noe (Illustration 1, 2). Included within the survey area is a parcel of land between the Edale road and Rushup Edge which was surveyed by John Barnatt in 1993 (Barnatt 1993). The results of Barnatt's 1993 survey have been incorporated into this report but no new field survey of this area has been undertaken in 1997. The principal buildings of Hardenclough Farm (feature 1) are located at Ordnance Survey National Grid reference SK 1240 8482. The survey comprised a systematic search of the farmland and discoveries were sketch plotted on an Ordnance Survey 1 :2500 base (the Peak District National Park Authority's Phase 1 survey standard). Time did not allow an extensive archive research to be undertaken and this report should not be taken as a history of the farmland, but one that largely concentrates on the identified archaeology. PART 1 HARDENCLOUGHFARM: ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES The survey identified 37 archaeological features in 1997. Of these none had been recorded previously in the Derbyshire Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), but 3 were recorded in the National Trust SM R (features 5, 11, 26) and 12 by John Barnatt's 1993 Ed ale survey (features 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37). Two features are of national or regional importance (features 5 and 26) and 34 features are considered as of local importance. Of the 36 features identified, 4 are groups of standing buildings, none of which are recorded in the SMR but one is a Listed Building (feature 5). One site recorded in the SMR has been discounted (feature 38). Features of National and Regional Importance The nationally or regionally important archaeological features that survive on the farm are Post-Medieval in date They comprise Small Clough farmstead (feature 5) and the hollow way running along Rushup Edge between Chapel-en-le-Frith and Castleton (feature 26). Features of Local Importance The majority of archaeological features of local importance within the survey area are of Post-Medieval date though some could also date back to the Medieval period. There are buildings which are in use and maintained to varying degrees (features 1, 8, 9). Most features PEAK NATIONAL PARK AHCHAEOLOGY SE Fl VICE PROJECT KEY ccX<fi<!AJr .l30(JNf?/l,q:./ f(AR ikJ..JCw:JtJ<i 1-1 FAR./.11 ----- fl.UIN€f? i!DvNCW<I !LLUS"fBATION NO. 3 . ' . ' .. f<.e"J-ICT' 6DUAJOAR-/ g~A~I~~~ ' TITLE .,. + + GP1£ ~sUR\ISY Af<GA v.JH"HOVT '-rR.ACJ /"rlONA/._' 80VNl><1R.y' Caring for a Living Landscape Pt6/.-.P f30l.J>.JW, R /€S RiV6R NOe: ~ Peak Pati< Joint Planning Board. FIELDWORK DATE HARLI< 1"1'17 AJdem House, Baslow Road, DRAWING DATE HflRCll iqq7 Bakewei!. Derbyshire, DE45 1AE Tei. 01629 816200 DRAFTSPERSON NJ"5 Fax .. 016~_.8j63JO_ REF. I 0 KM .. I' - ' '>--J' / ( I / I I \ I I ,-\ I \ I I / '\----·. \ I I l \ J \ I \ \, J 1', \ ---- I . " .. \ ..... 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