Mosaic of a Scientific Life

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mosaic of a Scientific Life springer.com Popular Science : Popular Science in Chemistry and Materials Hargittai, István Mosaic of a Scientific Life Discusses the environment and venues from which many great minds of science originated Describes personal interactions with some of the leading scientists of our time Disseminates knowledge through entertaining narrative In this book, István Hargittai, an internationally renowned physical chemist, narrates his life by introducing over forty personalities that played noteworthy roles in his career. The time span ranges from the Holocaust, which the author survived, through the periods of hard and softer dictatorships of Soviet-type socialism, and the current revival of an autocratic regime in Hungary. He overcame barriers to get a high school, then a university education. He received excellent training in Moscow and was active at Hungarian, American and other international Springer scientific venues, and he has interacted with more Nobel laureates than anyone in the world. The chapters feature such famous contributors to world science as Francis Crick, Richard L. 1st ed. 2020, XIX, 184 p. 1st Garwin, Ronald J. Gillespie, Avram Hershko, George Klein, Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield, 108 illus., 87 illus. in color. edition Peter D. Lax, Paul Nurse, Yuval Ne’eman, George A. Olah, Guy Ourisson, Michael Polanyi, Andrei D. Sakharov, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Edward Teller, James D. Watson, and Eugene P. Wigner. The areas covered include chemistry, molecular biology, physics, materials science, and Printed book mathematics. “On the basis of Hargittai’s mosaic of his personal and scientific life, I could Hardcover compose two further patterns. One would be the history of the twentieth century and the other the science history of the same time period.” From the Foreword by the late philosopher Agnes Printed book Heller, Goethe Medalist, Wallenberg Medalist, and Hannah Arendt Prize laureate Hardcover ISBN 978-3-030-34765-9 Order online at springer.com/booksellers £ 109,99 | CHF 141,50 | 119,99 € | Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH 131,99 € (A) | 128,39 € (D) Customer Service Available Tiergartenstrasse 15-17 Discount group 69121 Heidelberg Science (SC) Germany T: +49 (0)6221 345-4301 Product category [email protected] Collection of essays Other renditions Softcover ISBN 978-3-030-34767-3 Softcover ISBN 978-3-030-34768-0 Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. Americas: Tax will be added where applicable. Canadian residents please add PST, QST or GST. Please add $5.00 for shipping one book and $ 1.00 for each additional book. Outside the US and Canada add $ 10.00 for first book, $5.00 for each additional book. If an order cannot be fulfilled within 90 days, payment will be refunded upon request. Prices are payable in US currency or its equivalent. ISBN 978-3-030-34765-9 / BIC: PN / SPRINGER NATURE: SCQ19000 Part of .
Recommended publications
  • Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of
    Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance of United States Nobel Prize Winners in Science: Irrefutable Data and Exemplary Family Narratives—Backup Data and Information Andrew A. Beveridge, Queens and Graduate Center CUNY and Social Explorer, Inc. Lynn Caporale, Strategic Scientific Advisor and Author The following slides were presented at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This project and paper is an outgrowth of that session, and will combine qualitative data on Nobel Prize Winners family histories along with analyses of the pattern of Nobel Winners. The first set of slides show some of the patterns so far found, and will be augmented for the formal paper. The second set of slides shows some examples of the Nobel families. The authors a developing a systematic data base of Nobel Winners (mainly US), their careers and their family histories. This turned out to be much more challenging than expected, since many winners do not emphasize their family origins in their own biographies or autobiographies or other commentary. Dr. Caporale has reached out to some laureates or their families to elicit that information. We plan to systematically compare the laureates to the population in the US at large, including immigrants and non‐immigrants at various periods. Outline of Presentation • A preliminary examination of the 609 Nobel Prize Winners, 291 of whom were at an American Institution when they received the Nobel in physics, chemistry or physiology and medicine • Will look at patterns of
    [Show full text]
  • 12.2% 116,000 120M Top 1% 154 3,900
    We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter Introductory Chapter: Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Valentina Kubale, Emma Cousins, Clara Bailey, Samir A.A. El-Gendy and Catrin Sian Rutland 1. History of veterinary anatomy and physiology The anatomy of animals has long fascinated people, with mural paintings depicting the superficial anatomy of animals dating back to the Palaeolithic era [1]. However, evidence suggests that the earliest appearance of scientific anatomical study may have been in ancient Babylonia, although the tablets upon which this was recorded have perished and the remains indicate that Babylonian knowledge was in fact relatively limited [2]. As such, with early exploration of anatomy documented in the writing of various papyri, ancient Egyptian civilisation is believed to be the origin of the anatomist [3]. With content dating back to 3000 BCE, the Edwin Smith papyrus demonstrates a recognition of cerebrospinal fluid, meninges and surface anatomy of the brain, whilst the Ebers papyrus describes systemic function of the body including the heart and vas- culature, gynaecology and tumours [4]. The Ebers papyrus dates back to around 1500 bCe; however, it is also thought to be based upon earlier texts.
    [Show full text]
  • 6185 PM a T (Page 1)
    OF NOTE Devoted to noteworthy happenings at the medical school... To stay abreast of school news day by day, see www.health.pitt.edu Paul Lauterbur (left) receives his prize from the king of Sweden Lauterbur Gets Nobel In the early 1980s, when magnetic resonance imaging equipment first was used clinically, Paul Lauterbur attended a meeting of radiologists to explain applications of MRI technology. After giving his presentation, Lauterbur overheard an older radiologist grumble, “I am glad that I am old enough to be retiring. Now I don’t have to learn all this stuff.” “This stuff” changed the field of radiology, allowing doctors to have images of internal organs, tis- sues, and tumors. Today, approximately 22,000 MRI scanners are in operation worldwide, and about 60 million scans are performed a year. Lauterbur, who received his PhD in chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962, remembers thinking there had to be a better way than exploratory surgery for doctors to examine tumors and organs. He was familiar with imaging techniques. In the ’50s and early ’60s while working at the Mellon Institute, Lauterbur studied the carbon-13 isotope with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a technology mostly used by chemists to determine the structure of mol- ecules by subjecting atomic nuclei to a magnetic field. Lauterbur was eating a hamburger at a Big Boy in New Kensington when he realized that NMR could identify the location of hydrogen nuclei to produce images of the body. It took FLASHBACK years of experimentation before Lauterbur was able to develop the clinical technology that became Astronomer Percival Lowell insisted known as MRI.
    [Show full text]
  • AAPM and the CONTRIBUTIONS of MEDICAL PHYSICISTS
    AAPM AAPM and the CONTRIBUTIONS of MEDICAL PHYSICISTS he American Association of Secretary/Treasurer until, in 1969, Note that videos of all presentations TPhysicists in Medicine was an Administrative Office was made at these and many other founded in 1958 with 132 Charter established at the American Institute AAPM scientific and educational Members, increasing to over 9,000 of Physics in New York City. It meetings are available free to today. remained there, with a brief interlude members and, after an embargo of when it was relocated one year, to all medical physicists to a management worldwide. firm in Chicago, On the international level, AAPM until 1992, when has administered an International AAPM established its Scientific Educational Program series own Headquarters of over 30 courses delivered in low to at the American middle income countries. Center for Physics in College Park, MD. Publications Then, in 2016, the AAPM publishes two scientific Headquarters moved journals: Medical Physics and the to its current location open-access Journal of Applied in Alexandria, VA. Clinical Medical Physics. Other publications include over 150 Temporary Articles of Incorporation Scientific and Educational Reports, many of which define the were approved in 1958 and later Activities practice of medical physics in the US and have strongly influenced amended in 1965 to the current Initially, from 1959–1969, Annual practice at the international level, version, which gives the following Meetings were held in conjunction since all AAPM Reports are freely purposes of the association: with the RSNA General Assembly available to medical physicists • To promote the application of in Chicago.
    [Show full text]
  • JUAN MANUEL 2016 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECIPIENT Culture Friendship Justice
    Friendship Volume 135, № 1 Character Culture JUAN MANUEL SANTOS 2016 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECIPIENT Justice LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Brothers, It is an honor and a privilege as your president to have the challenges us and, perhaps, makes us question our own opportunity to share my message with you in each edition strongly held beliefs. But it also serves to open our minds of the Quarterly. I generally try to align my comments and our hearts to our fellow neighbor. It has to start with specific items highlighted in each publication. This with a desire to listen, to understand, and to be tolerant time, however, I want to return to the theme “living our of different points of view and a desire to be reasonable, Principles,” which I touched upon in a previous article. As patient and respectful.” you may recall, I attempted to outline and describe how Kelly concludes that it is the diversity of Southwest’s utilization of the Four Founding Principles could help people and “treating others like you would want to be undergraduates make good decisions and build better treated” that has made the organization successful. In a men. It occurred to me that the application of our values similar way, Stephen Covey’s widely read “Seven Habits of to undergraduates only is too limiting. These Principles are Highly Effective People” takes a “values-based” approach to indeed critical for each of us at this particularly turbulent organizational success. time in our society. For DU to be a successful organization, we too, must As I was flying back recently from the Delta Upsilon be able to work effectively with our varied constituents: International Fraternity Board of Directors meeting in undergraduates, parents, alumni, higher education Arizona, I glanced through the February 2017 edition professionals, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • ABCD Clinical Medicine Collection
    ABCD springer.com VISIT TODAY Clinical Medicine Collection Journal Subject Collections Bring Information to Real World Application As a global science publisher, Springer is Clinical Medicine Collection dedicated to serving both the academic Springer has committed to improving medical and professional research communities. By care by setting high standards for medical providing high quality content, incompa- practice and education. Springer has compiled rable value and ease of accessibility, Springer a collection of more than 150 journals dedi- journals offer a wide range of sophisticated, cated to providing the most recent information scientific topics that have won the esteem of and techniques in clinical medicine including: scientists, researchers, clinicians, and informa- 7 Diabetologia —ranking in the top 10% of tion specialists the world over. publications in the Endocrinology and Metabolism field* Subject collections are broadly categorized 7 Annals of Surgical Oncology—ranking in and present a wide selection of available the top 10% in Surgery journals from which to locate information. 7 Obesity Surgery - ranking in the top 5% in Articles are searchable by subject, publication Surgery title, topic, author or keywords. They are peer- 7 Diseases of the Colon and Rectum- ranking reviewed and edited by internationally in the top 15% in Surgery respected scientists, researchers, and 7 Intensive Care Medicine - ranking in the top academics from world-leading institutions 15% in Critical Care Medicine and corporations. 7 Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - ranking in the top 7% in Oncology 7 European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - ranking in the top 10% in Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging …and more *All ranking are from the ISI Journals Citation Report 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Mansfield
    SNAP-SHOT MRI Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2003 by Peter Mansfield Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K. INTRODUCTION The topic of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) started for us at Nottingham in the early summer of 1972. During a discussion with one of my graduate stu- dents, Peter Grannell and my post-doc Dr Allan Garroway, concerning mul- tiple-pulse line narrowing experiments in solids, the idea occurred to me to use the line narrowing technique as a means of effectively removing dipolar interactions in a material like CaF2 and at the same time impose an external linear gradient on the sample thus broadening the line shape to reveal the atomic or molecular structure within the sample. It soon became apparent, however, even with the achievable narrowed line- widths of around 1 Hz for CaF2, corresponding to a line width reduction of 3 ϫ 104, that the residual line width was still too broad using practical external gradients to resolve the atomic structure in a single crystal of CaF2. Despite this setback, work continued with artificial one-dimensional lattices made up of several thin plates of camphor. Peter Grannell and I continued this work during the course of 1972 and it resulted finally in a paper presented at the First Specialized Colloque Ampère, Krakow in 1973 (1). Formal publication appeared shortly after (2). These papers emphasized the Fourier transform approach used, even though the images of the camphor stacks were one-dimensional. It was clear that we had made our task much more difficult by choosing to work with solids.
    [Show full text]
  • Three-Dimensional Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque
    Three-dimensional Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Jianmin Yuan Hughes Hall This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Radiology University of Cambridge May 2017 Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration with others, except as specified in the text and Acknowledgements. The contents of this dissertation are original and have not been submitted in whole or in part for consideration for any other degree or qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other institution. This dissertation contains fewer than 60,000 words, excluding figures, tables, equations and bibliography. Acknowledgement I gratefully thank my supervisor, Professor Jonathan Gillard, for his constant support, guidance and encouragement during my PhD, for his expertise in biomechanics, MRI, clinical and non-academic matters. Jonathan provided a friendly and very resourceful research environment for the people to work within the neuroradiology group. His knowledge in the field of radiology, language and management always made the work so inspiring. I am thankful for Martin Graves and Andrew Patterson for the supervision, mentorship, support, and encouragement during the MRI work. Their broad knowledge of MR physics, sequence programming and statistics made me confident in facing the challenges and exploring new research arenas. The hours and days of discussion and preparing the manuscripts make me so proud to be associated with and work in this friendly and encouraging MRIS Unit (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Unit, on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus).
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroimaging and the "Complexity" of Capital Punishment O
    Notre Dame Law School NDLScholarship Journal Articles Publications 2007 Neuroimaging and the "Complexity" of Capital Punishment O. Carter Snead Notre Dame Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, and the Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons Recommended Citation O. C. Snead, Neuroimaging and the "Complexity" of Capital Punishment, 82 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1265 (2007). Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/542 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES NEUROIMAGING AND THE "COMPLEXITY" OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 0. CARTER SNEAD* The growing use of brain imaging technology to explore the causes of morally, socially, and legally relevant behavior is the subject of much discussion and contro- versy in both scholarly and popular circles. From the efforts of cognitive neuros- cientists in the courtroom and the public square, the contours of a project to transform capital sentencing both in principle and in practice have emerged. In the short term, these scientists seek to play a role in the process of capitalsentencing by serving as mitigation experts for defendants, invoking neuroimaging research on the roots of criminal violence to support their arguments. Over the long term, these same experts (and their like-minded colleagues) hope to appeal to the recent find- ings of their discipline to embarrass, discredit, and ultimately overthrow retributive justice as a principle of punishment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of NMR and MRI
    WELLCOME WITNESSES TO TWENTIETH CENTURY MEDICINE _____________________________________________________________________________ MAKING THE HUMAN BODY TRANSPARENT: THE IMPACT OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING _________________________________________________ RESEARCH IN GENERAL PRACTICE __________________________________ DRUGS IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE ______________________ THE MRC COMMON COLD UNIT ____________________________________ WITNESS SEMINAR TRANSCRIPTS EDITED BY: E M TANSEY D A CHRISTIE L A REYNOLDS Volume Two – September 1998 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 1998 First published by the Wellcome Trust, 1998 Occasional Publication no. 6, 1998 The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 186983 539 1 All volumes are freely available online at www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Tansey E M, Christie D A, Reynolds L A. (eds) (1998) Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 2. London: Wellcome Trust. Key Front cover photographs, L to R from the top: Professor Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, speaking (NMR) Professor Robert Steiner, Professor Sir Martin Wood, Professor Sir Rex Richards (NMR) Dr Alan Broadhurst, Dr David Healy (Psy) Dr James Lovelock, Mrs Betty Porterfield (CCU) Professor Alec Jenner (Psy) Professor David Hannay (GPs) Dr Donna Chaproniere (CCU) Professor Merton Sandler (Psy) Professor George Radda (NMR) Mr Keith (Tom) Thompson (CCU) Back cover photographs, L to R, from the top: Professor Hannah Steinberg, Professor
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Peter Mansfield.Ai
    MIDLANDS ENGINE HEALTH Focus on MedTech Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre The Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre (SPMIC) was formed in 2015 with an award of £7.7 million funding from the MRC Clinical Research Capabilities & Technologies Initiative and £1.7 million of matched University of Nottingham funding. The vision has been to create a centre that will drive the development and exploitation of medical imaging in experimental medicine and translational medicine, based on our international leadership in physics development and clinical imaging. The SPMIC combines strengths in physics and medicine to provide a single platform for medical imaging activity in Nottingham, serving more than 100 academic and research staff. The Centre builds on the University of Nottingham’s unique track record of research in biomedical imaging stretching back to Sir Peter Mansfield’s pioneering work in developing MRI in the 1970s, for which he was Professor Richard Bowtell, Head of The Sir Peter awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine Mansfield Imaging Centre in 2003. Researchers at the Centre lead national “We strongly focus on commercialisation of our initiatives, such as the UK Renal Imaging Network work and two spin-out companies have been and the UK7T Network, and have been prominent formed in the last six months to exploit our recent contributors to national and international initiatives, research developments: Neurotherapeutics Ltd will such as BioBank, IMAGEN and the Human market a wearable neuromodulation device Connectome Project. (rhythmic peripheral nerve stimulation) for use in Tourette syndrome, while Cerca Ltd, was formed to sell integrated wearable OPM-MEG systems.
    [Show full text]
  • ILAE Historical Wall02.Indd 10 6/12/09 12:04:44 PM
    2000–2009 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 Tim Hunt Robert Horvitz Sir Peter Mansfi eld Barry Marshall Craig Mello Oliver Smithies Luc Montagnier 2000 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2007 2008 Arvid Carlsson Eric Kandel Sir Paul Nurse John Sulston Richard Axel Robin Warren Mario Capecchi Harald zur Hauser Nobel Prizes 2000000 2001001 2002002 2003003 200404 2006006 2007007 2008008 Paul Greengard Leland Hartwell Sydney Brenner Paul Lauterbur Linda Buck Andrew Fire Sir Martin Evans Françoise Barré-Sinoussi in Medicine and Physiology 2000 1st Congress of the Latin American Region – in Santiago 2005 ILAE archives moved to Zurich to become publicly available 2000 Zonismide licensed for epilepsy in the US and indexed 2001 Epilepsia changes publishers – to Blackwell 2005 26th International Epilepsy Congress – 2001 Epilepsia introduces on–line submission and reviewing in Paris with 5060 delegates 2001 24th International Epilepsy Congress – in Buenos Aires 2005 Bangladesh, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Nicaragua, Pakistan, 2001 Launch of phase 2 of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy Singapore and the United Arab Emirates join the ILAE in Geneva 2005 Epilepsy Atlas published under the auspices of the Global 2001 Albania, Armenia, Arzerbaijan, Estonia, Honduras, Jamaica, Campaign Against Epilepsy Kyrgyzstan, Iraq, Lebanon, Malta, Malaysia, Nepal , Paraguay, Philippines, Qatar, Senegal, Syria, South Korea and Zimbabwe 2006 1st regional vice–president is elected – from the Asian and join the ILAE, making a total of 81 chapters Oceanian Region
    [Show full text]