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Municipal Energy Planning and Energy Efficiency
Municipal Energy Planning and Energy Efficiency Jenny Nilsson, Linköping University Anders Mårtensson, Linköping University ABSTRACT Swedish law requires local authorities to have a municipal energy plan. Each municipal government is required to prepare and maintain a plan for the supply, distribution, and use of energy. Whether the municipal energy plans have contributed to or preferably controlled the development of local energy systems is unclear. In the research project “Strategic Environmental Assessment of Local Energy Systems,” financed by the Swedish National Energy Administration, the municipal energy plan as a tool for controlling energy use and the efficiency of the local energy system is studied. In an introductory study, twelve municipal energy plans for the county of Östergötland in southern Sweden have been analyzed. This paper presents and discusses results and conclusions regarding municipal strategies for energy efficiency based on the introductory study. Introduction Energy Efficiency and Swedish Municipalities Opportunities for improving the efficiency of Swedish energy systems have been emphasized in several reports such as a recent study made for the Swedish government (SOU 2001). Although work for effective energy use has been carried out in Sweden for 30 years, the calculated remaining potential for energy savings is still high. However, there have been changes in the energy system. For example, industry has slightly increased the total energy use, but their use of oil has been reduced by two-thirds since 1970. Meanwhile, the production in the industry has increased by almost 50%. This means that energy efficiency in the industry is much higher today than in the 1970s (Table 1). -
Country Coding Units Version 3 (December 2014)
Country Coding Units Version 3 (December 2014) Principal Investigators Research Assistant Michael Coppedge – U. of Notre Dame Vlad Ciobanu – U. of Gothenburg John Gerring – Boston University Staffan I. Lindberg –U. of Gothenburg Jan Teorell – Lund University Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Vlad Ciobanu. 2014. “Varieties of Democracy: Country Coding Units v3.” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. 1 This document lists (a) every country in the eventual V-Dem database, (b) the years for which we have collect data or plan to collect data (in parentheses next to the entry); (c) the polities that comprise each country’s 20th century history (even if falling outside the time-period that we wish to code); and (d) the borders of each country (wherever this might be unclear). Many dates are approximate due to the inconclusive nature of a country’s history. Note that changes in sovereignty often occur by stages, and marking these stages with specific dates can be challenging. General sources for compiling this document include Wikipedia and Statesman.org. Additional sources, along with notes pertaining to specific countries, empires, and federations are contained in a separate document: “Countries, Empires, Elections (misc notes)” “Country” A V-Dem “country” is a political unit enjoying at least some degree of functional and/or formal sovereignty. This means that fully sovereign nation-states as well as colonies and protectorates and semi-autonomous administrative districts may qualify as countries. A territory must claim sovereignty at some point in its history in order to qualify. Thus, Somaliland qualifies but not Puntland. -
Initial Stages of Federal Litigation: Overview
Initial Stages of Federal Litigation: Overview MARCELLUS MCRAE AND ROXANNA IRAN, GIBSON DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP WITH HOLLY B. BIONDO AND ELIZABETH RICHARDSON-ROYER, WITH PRACTICAL LAW LITIGATION A Practice Note explaining the initial steps of a For more information on commencing a lawsuit in federal court, including initial considerations and drafting the case initiating civil lawsuit in US district courts and the major documents, see Practice Notes, Commencing a Federal Lawsuit: procedural and practical considerations counsel Initial Considerations (http://us.practicallaw.com/3-504-0061) and Commencing a Federal Lawsuit: Drafting the Complaint (http:// face during a lawsuit's early stages. Specifically, us.practicallaw.com/5-506-8600); see also Standard Document, this Note explains how to begin a lawsuit, Complaint (Federal) (http://us.practicallaw.com/9-507-9951). respond to a complaint, prepare to defend a The plaintiff must include with the complaint: lawsuit and comply with discovery obligations The $400 filing fee. early in the litigation. Two copies of a corporate disclosure statement, if required (FRCP 7.1). A civil cover sheet, if required by the court's local rules. This Note explains the initial steps of a civil lawsuit in US district For more information on filing procedures in federal court, see courts (the trial courts of the federal court system) and the major Practice Note, Commencing a Federal Lawsuit: Filing and Serving the procedural and practical considerations counsel face during a Complaint (http://us.practicallaw.com/9-506-3484). lawsuit's early stages. It covers the steps from filing a complaint through the initial disclosures litigants must make in connection with SERVICE OF PROCESS discovery. -
Mississippi River Guide
see map on page 31 Mississippi River 815.3R Lock and Dam No. 2, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lock on right 814.6R Lake Rebecca Municipal Park, City of Hastings 814.1R concrete plank ramp on lake, picnic area, trail, portable chemical toilet (across road) Lake Rebecca 814.3R Mississippi River - Hastings Public Access, MN DNR and City of Hastings concrete slab ramp Conley Lake 813.8L King’s Cove Marina, LLC, Private entrance at River Mile 812.7L, dockage, fuel, pumpouts, repair facilities, restrooms, service and canvas department, ship’s store, slips for rent, storage, brokerage (651) 437-6186, (651) 480-8900 fax (651) 480-8926 www.kingscove.com Mississippi River 815.3- Hastings area 812.0R food, lodging Dakota County Sheriff emergency 911 or non-emergency (651) 438-4771 814.2L Hub’s Landing and Marina, Private concrete slab ramp (fee), transient slips, overnight parking available (651) 437-4358 www.hubslanding.com 813.3R Hastings Marina, Inc., Private concrete slab ramp (fee), fuel, pumpouts, restrooms, showers, snacks, water & pop (651) 437-9621, fax (651) 438-9924 St. Croix River 0.4- Prescott area 810.8L food, lodging away from river www.saintcroixriver.com Pierce County Sheriff emergency 911 or all other services (715) 273-5051 28 St. Croix River Continued 0.5L Prescott Public Beach, City of Prescott beach 0.3R Point Douglas, Washington County Parks fishing pier, picnicking, restrooms, swimming beach (651) 430-8240 www.co.washington.mn.us/parks 0.1L Prescott City, Courtesy Dock temporary docking (fee) Mississippi River 811.5- Prescott area 810.8L food, lodging www.saintcroixriver.com Pierce County Sheriff emergency 911 or all other services (715) 273-5051 811.4L Leo’s Landing, Private temporary dockage, fuel, full service marina, pumpouts, restrooms (715) 262-5998, fax (651) 770-8870 e-mail: [email protected] 811.4L Point St. -
National Administrative Department of Statistics
NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS Methodology for the Codification of the Political- Administrative Division of Colombia -DIVIPOLA- 0 NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS JORGE BUSTAMANTE ROLDÁN Director CHRISTIAN JARAMILLO HERRERA Deputy Director MARIO CHAMIE MAZZILLO General Secretary Technical Directors NELCY ARAQUE GARCIA Regulation, Planning, Standardization and Normalization EDUARDO EFRAÍN FREIRE DELGADO Methodology and Statistical Production LILIANA ACEVEDO ARENAS Census and Demography MIGUEL ÁNGEL CÁRDENAS CONTRERAS Geostatistics ANA VICTORIA VEGA ACEVEDO Synthesis and National Accounts CAROLINA GUTIÉRREZ HERNÁNDEZ Diffusion, Marketing and Statistical Culture National Administrative Department of Statistics – DANE MIGUEL ÁNGEL CÁRDENAS CONTRERAS Geostatistics Division Geostatistical Research and Development Coordination (DIG) DANE Cesar Alberto Maldonado Maya Olga Marina López Salinas Proofreading in Spanish: Alba Lucía Núñez Benítez Translation: Juan Belisario González Sánchez Proofreading in English: Ximena Díaz Gómez CONTENTS Page PRESENTATION 6 INTRODUCTION 7 1. BACKGROUND 8 1.1. Evolution of the Political-Administrative Division of Colombia 8 1.2. Evolution of the Codification of the Political-Administrative Division of Colombia 12 2. DESIGN OF DIVIPOLA 15 2.1. Thematic/methodological design 15 2.1.1. Information needs 15 2.1.2. Objectives 15 2.1.3. Scope 15 2.1.4. Reference framework 16 2.1.5. Nomenclatures and Classifications used 22 2.1.6. Methodology 24 2.2 DIVIPOLA elaboration design 27 2.2.1. Collection or compilation of information 28 2.3. IT Design 28 2.3.1. DIVIPOLA Administration Module 28 2.4. Design of Quality Control Methods and Mechanisms 32 2.4.1. Quality Control Mechanism 32 2.5. Products Delivery and Diffusion 33 2.5.1. -
Town District and Precinct Boundaries Town of Coventry, Rhode Island
µ Scituate Cranston N G L P a l l e C e b o n r a lv R e v in P s i a i a Foster e S c i n Ma i R e n n x Exn t h St w d Rd W rke R ope Furnace E Cla r H t d o e Rd a rk c Cla R s a C r e Highland Ave S e e d c y t a w t t n W S er C r Ch C Pott W u F ase o t Hope Furnace Rd e Rd o h t h p d i o t Te i H e rr s C ac R e t P Av l e t e e d i t n O S G A L a e a u n s k i rd tu D R rr e m r d a n n t Mi S 115 S H ll S S R is tate t t id ex H g A Al t t wy e u J S ¬ S « d 11 u A o t r h R bo r C a rc 5 d h a d i n s opl r e B J H L t n P Rebecca St C ow n e D e a rd n A r F r n ve L d L r o k n a Black n s Waln R y ut Dr e n l a v e R l k A e d s n a l l l d C i o R h a ap n c r H lin D r E in r C L R A e d D tt e T m d K r y o R g yon D l e n Can e l id s P H K ill Rd l r o M r H rbs i l S d Ba r e d n t u S a n R ty m t t H T rm o R o Fa fo m t k oo t O r l d S br d g w t l d do i y i a S o m R Me a t k n P o O P H n e S L w o a io t s h n W e e k r n t a e R t o ter i g t s e ma l a M L S s n d H d e ill R s i M n le b V d G i r il i l e R e ill St c a H P L a d S R u G u r R a L B e R 06 03 d g 06P 03 r r a d h e t o u t o r n i i w D n d H S n d g o d r e e S l R Maple Valley Rd k D l i o D t w e N r Hillside Ave k Vin r s e St R i m Rd Yeaton St d F Pine Acres ornbea c Blvd H a M St a 0608 Fones C 0608 M a a r Is t n d S y F H S T i L o a n t a ow e a r i d d n Far ld ur n n n Sp R m d b d g e W d ger s e n R bur R e a c 14 m d l y R Ha t a e t o R D l C r Hw t n w S Rd te n Ct n M r t n a e a l Pierso St s li e rybrook Ln R o t e -
The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang
Loyola University Chicago International Law Review Volume 9 Article 3 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2012 2012 The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Haiting Zhang The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices, 9 Loy. U. Chi. Int'l L. Rev. 249 (2012). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr/vol9/iss2/3 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago International Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LAWS ON THE ETHNIC MINORITY AUTONOMous REGIONS IN CHINA: LEGAL NoRMS AND PRACTICES Haiting Zhang t I. Introduction... ............................ 249 II. Regulated Autonomous Powers of the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions.................................. 251 A. Autonomous Legislation Powers ....................... 252 B. Special Personnel Arrangements ....................... 252 C. Other Autonomous Powers .......................... 253 III. Problems in the Operation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomous System: The Gap Between Law and Practice ................. 254 A. Local Governmental Nature of the Autonomous Agencies ... 254 B. The Tale of Regional Autonomy Regulations: Insufficient Exercise of the Autonomous Legislation Power ............ 255 C. Behind the Personnel Arrangement: Party Politics and the Ethnic Minority Regional Autonomy ................... 257 D. The Vulnerable Autonomy............................ 259 E. The Economic Gap and the Natural Resource Exploitation Issue .......................................... 260 IV. Seeking Legal Guarantees: Improving the Exercise of the Autonomous Powers.......................................... -
Capital City Mill District Area Plan
1136 Washington Street, Columbia, SC 29201 • Phone: 803-545-3222 The Capital City Mill District Area Plan The purpose of the Capital City Mill District Area Plan is to create a plan that will establish a community vision for the future development of the study area. The plan will provide recommendations and implementation strategies to achieve that vision. The Capital City Mill District area is located in an area experiencing significant change and development pressures from a resurgent City Center and a growing university. It is located between an industrial area to the South and the Central Business District to the North. To the West are a stone quarry and the Congaree River and to the East is the University of South Carolina. The area contains a diversity of uses from historic mill village neighborhoods and their respective textile mills (Granby, Olympia, and Whaley), to student oriented housing and a variety of lower density commercial and light industrial businesses. A proposal to purchase and redevelop the Capital City Ballpark underscored the need for a plan for the South Assembly Street corridor given its strategic importance as a major gateway into Columbia. Concurrently, the adjacent neighborhoods have been struggling with issues of transportation, parking, traffic, land use incompatibility, and flooding. The boundaries of the study, shown on the below map, include land in incorporated City of Columbia and unincorporated Richland County, and the jurisdictions resolved to work together to facilitate a plan to address the issues of the corridor and adjacent neighborhoods. City of Columbia and Richland County staff will be working with a project team headed by the Boudreaux Group and members of the community to develop this plan. -
Charter for the City of Pensacola
CHARTER FOR THE CITY OF PENSACOLA PREAMBLE We the people of the City of Pensacola, under the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida, in order to secure the benefits of local self-government and to provide for an honest, effective, and accountable Mayor-Council government, do hereby adopt this charter and confer upon the City the following powers, subject to the following restrictions, and prescribed by the following procedures and governmental structure. By this action, we secure the benefits of home rule and affirm the values of representative democracy, professional management, strong political leadership, citizen participation, and regional cooperation. ARTICLE I GENERAL POWERS OF THE CITY Section 1.01.General Powers and Corporate Existence. The City of Pensacola (“City”), located in Escambia County, Florida, shall have all governmental, corporate, and proprietary powers to enable it to conduct municipal government, perform municipal functions and render municipal services, and may exercise any power for municipal purposes except when expressly prohibited by law. Section 1.02. Construction. The powers of the City under this Charter shall be construed liberally in favor of the City, and the specific mention of particular powers in the Charter shall not be construed as limiting in any way the general power granted in this Article. Section 1.03. Intergovernmental Relations. The City may participate by contract or otherwise with any governmental entity of the State of Florida or any other state or states or the United States of America in the performance of any activity which one or more of such entities has the authority to undertake. -
Sweden © Oecd 1997 403 Managing Across Levels Of
SWEDEN MANAGING ACROSS LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT SWEDEN 1. Institutions and authority 1.1 Structures Sweden is a parliamentary democracy. The Parliament has until recently been elected for a three-year term. From 1994 the term is four years. The Parliament is elected directly and representation is strictly proportional. This promotes a multi-party system. Direct and proportional elections are also held for county councils, municipalities and parishes. Sweden has four constitutional laws, and one of these, the Instrument of Government provides constitutional protection for regional and local authorities. Chapter 1, section 7 reads: “There are in Sweden primary units of local government (municipalities) and county councils. The right of decision in municipalities and county councils is exercised by elected assemblies. The municipalities and county councils may levy tax for the performance of their duties.” Description of levels The ministries in Sweden are relatively small. State agencies and boards (around 300) handle most of the State responsibilities and administration. Some State agencies only work at the national level. Others can have regional and local branches. At the regional level, the central administration is represented by 24 counties. Around 250 000 persons are employed by the State including defence, and some State companies (railroads, post, airports). Sweden is divided into county councils (23), municipalities (288) and parishes (2 500). The counties are primarily a central government administrative division at the regional level. The parishes are local units of the State church administration. Approximately 734 000 persons are employed by municipalities, 303 000 persons are employed by county councils and 25 000 persons are employed by the church. -
A Toolkit for Implementation
Working with Individuals, Families and Communities to Improve Maternal and Newborn Health A Toolkit for Implementation Module 1: An Overview of Implementation at National, Province and District Levels Working with Individuals, Families and Communities to Improve Maternal and Newborn Health: A Toolkit for Implementation Module 1: An Overview of Implementation at National, Province and District Levels Working with individuals, families and communities to improve maternal and newborn health: a toolkit for implementation Contents: Module 1: An overview of implementation at national, province and district levels; Module 2: Facilitator’s guide to the orientation workshop on the IFC framework; Module 3: Participatory community assessment in maternal and newborn health; Module 4: Training guide for facilitators of the participatory community assessment in maternal and newborn health; Module 5: Finalizing, monitoring and evaluating the IFC action plan. ISBN 978-92-4-150852-0 © World Health Organization 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). -
The Peace of Augsburg in Three Imperial Cities by Istvan
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Waterloo's Institutional Repository Biconfessionalism and Tolerance: The Peace of Augsburg in Three Imperial Cities by Istvan Szepesi A thesis presented to the University Of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2016 © Istvan Szepesi 2016 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract In contrast to the atmosphere of mistrust and division between confessions that was common to most polities during the Reformation era, the Peace of Augsburg, signed in 1555, declared the free imperial cities of the Holy Roman Empire a place where both Catholics and Lutherans could live together in peace. While historians readily acknowledge the exceptional nature of this clause of the Peace, they tend to downplay its historical significance through an undue focus on its long-term failures. In order to challenge this interpretation, this paper examines the successes and failures of the free imperial cities’ implementation of the Peace through a comparative analysis of religious coexistence in Augsburg, Cologne, and Nuremberg during the Peace’s 63- year duration. This investigation reveals that while religious coexistence did eventually fail first in Nuremberg and then in Cologne, the Peace made major strides in the short term which offer important insights into the nature of tolerance and confessional conflict in urban Germany during the late Reformation era.