Jib 0803 Hxa 0805 Improving the Accessibility
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JIB 0803 HXA 0805 IMPROVING THE ACCESSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE LA MARTA WILDLIFE REFUGE Report Submitted to: Professor Holly K. Ault Professor John Bergendahl Professor Tahar El-Korchi By Bryan M. Bigda ________________________ Ryan W. Eley ________________________ Andrew Gilday ________________________ Ryan D. Sottolano ________________________ In Cooperation With Sergio Llubere Universidad Metropolitano Castro Carazo This project report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements of Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions or opinions of National Cleaner Production Centers or Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This report in the product of an education program and is intended to serve as partial documentation for the evaluation of academic achievement. The report should not be construed as a working document by the reader. Sustainability Accessibility Costa Rica Abstract The La Marta Wildlife refuge is a nonprofit educational and tourist facility. There are approximately nine miles of trials at La Marta as well as several pavilions and an historical attraction. Since they have little money, maintenance is difficult to perform and most improvements are donations-based. The project team had two goals: (1) Design sustainable trails for the refuge, (2) Design a transport system to allow mobility impaired persons to cross the Gato River and enjoy the historical attraction. The trails were designed using surveying techniques along with soil erosion and runoff analyses. The car transport was designed using safety and stress analysis, material and component selection, and Pro-E solid modeling software. Our deliverables to La Marta are a cost analysis and plans for creating sustainable trails and building the transport system. I Acknowledgements We the Trails Team would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their assistance throughout this endeavor: Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Professor Holly K. Ault Professor John Bergendahl Professor Tahar El-Korchi CNP+L; Dr. Sergio Musmanni MINAE; Mario Rojas UMCA; Marcos Sergio Llubre Manuel Viquez Dr. Jonathan Bartelson University Of Costa Rica ____________ II Capstone Design Statement It is necessary to complete a capstone design for the Major Qualifying Project. Students must combine the skills and knowledge acquired in previous course work and consider practical engineering constraints. These constraints include, “economic; environmental; sustainability; manufacturability; ethical; health and safety; social; and political1.” To meet these requirements our project included economic, environmental, sustainability, manufacturability, ethical, health and safety, social and political considerations and constraints. Economic The La Marta Wildlife Refuge is the ownership of UMCA and has a limited budget. They charge a small fee to enter the Refuge but currently do not make a profit. They would like to increase tourism and financial security by investing in new attractions and refurbishing trails. However, the current budget would not sustain any large scale improvements. They depend on private donations for most construction efforts. With this in mind it is imperative to maintain a reasonable cost for construction and limit maintenance. Environmental Environmental impacts have become an increasing concern in the last few decades. Costa Rica is on the forefront of environmental protection. Protection of the environment is an especially high priority in the La Marta Wildlife Refuge. We will limit destruction of the existing 1 ABET. 6 Apr. 2009 <http://www.abet.org/Linked%20Documents-UPDATE/Criteria%20and%20PP/E001%2007- 08%20EAC%20Criteria%2011-15-06.pdf>. III wildlife, vegetation and their habitat by using tree fall and local soil material. Steel, concrete and rebar can often be manufactured from recycled material. Whenever possible we will use these materials. Sustainability Sustainability can be defined as, “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.2” We focused on creating designs that limit the need for maintenance. The final design was completed after analyzing the lifetime expectancy of the materials. Through these constraints we limited any negative environmental impacts. Using existing local materials will also promote sustainable practices in the La Marta Wildlife Refuge. Constructability Constructability is essential for any final design. Ease of construction, cost, labor, and material availability was considered. We will investigate several locations to confirm that the soil material and vegetation will support the final designs. We will also determine the effects of the construction process on the area. Ethical 2 "Sustainability | US EPA." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 13 Jan. 2009 <http://www.epa.gov/Sustainability/>. IV We used the engineering principles learned through our coursework to effectively create a final design that is appropriate for the La Marta Wildlife Refuge. It must be economic and sustainable, while maintaining the proper safety constraints. All designs will abide by the civil and mechanical engineering code of ethics as follows: Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the engineering profession by: Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity their clients (including their employers) and the public; and striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession3. Health and Safety The most important constraint when redesigning trails and designing a river crossing is safety. The health and safety of the patrons that visit La Marta is of the utmost concern and will not be compromised due to economics, sustainability, or any other variable. Every design will included a proven factor of safety and follow US design specifications. 3 “Ethics.” National Society of Professional Engineers 6 Apr. 2009 <http://www.nspe.org/ETHICS/codeofethics/index.html>. V Executive Summary Environmental sustainability is an issue of great importance across the globe. In Costa Rica, one of the main economic focuses, eco-tourism, provides many possible opportunities to create a more usable, sustainable environment for every person to enjoy. The project involved the design of an all-persons accessible, sustainable trail system at the La Marta Wildlife Refuge in Talamanca, Costa Rica. The project site is located in a historic agricultural area in Costa Rica that is going through a major environmental regeneration project. The site covers over 1,500 hectares of tropical rainforest and includes a wealth of biodiversity with varying altitudes and a river system running through the reserve4. The La Marta Wildlife refuge is currently used as a nonprofit educational and tourist facility. The project sponsor, the Universidad Metropolitana Castro Carazo (UMCA), owns and manages the La Marta Wildlife Refuge. The university takes its students to the refuge to conduct zoological and botanical research and also opens the site to tourists that can visit the refuge for a small fee. Throughout the project the students worked with personnel at the university as well as the park rangers at the reserve. Since UMCA has a small budget for the upkeep of the refuge, maintenance is difficult to perform and most improvements are funded through donations. Currently, UMCA has been working on publicizing the refuge to tourist groups and is looking into improvements to make the site more tourist-friendly. 4 La Marta, 2004 VI For our project, the project team defined Sustainable Trails as those that are safe, aesthetically pleasing, and long lasting; while using environmentally friendly methods and materials. The project team defined All-Persons Accessible Trails as trails which are designed to allow mobility-impaired persons the ability to enjoy them without assistance. Working with the sponsors, the project team formulated the scope of the project which included three main goals: (1) Design a sustainable trail leading up a mountain to an observation tower (2) Design a transport system to allow mobility-impaired persons to cross the Gato River, making the historic area of the site accessible (3) Design all-persons accessible trails and features to allow mobility-impaired persons to enjoy the historic site Achieving these three goals will allow mobility-impaired persons to enjoy the historic area and make La Marta more attractive to tourists overall. The sustainable trails were designed using surveying techniques, trail building knowledge, material selection comparisons, and soil erosion and runoff analyses. The transport system was designed using material selection comparisons, structural analysis, ergonomics, and safety analysis. Pro-Engineer software was used to model the final design. Within the historic site, Forest Service Trails Accessibility Guidelines (FSTAG) were used to develop sustainable trails with all-persons accessibility in mind. From our results, the project team was able to provide La Marta with a set of plans that they can use to improve the visitor experience at the refuge in years to come. The deliverables the project team provided were: (1) Plans for a sustainable trail leading up a mountain to an observation tower VII (2) Plans for building a transport system for accessible river crossing (3) Plans for all-persons accessible,