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Seychelles Legal Environment Assessment of HIV and AIDS

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Seychelles Legal Environment Assessment of HIV and AIDS Seychelles Legal Environment Assessment Of HIV and AIDS Consultants Ms. Michaela Clayton International Consultant Mrs. Iris Carolus Independent National Consultant Ms. Kitty Grant, HIV Law & Human Rights Consultant, UNDP RSC-ESA Final Report April 2013 1 | P a g e Table of Contents Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 7 Part I Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction and Background ................................................................................................... 13 Aims and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 15 Aim ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Specific objectives ................................................................................................................ 15 Key Deliverables ................................................................................................................... 15 Implementation Modalities ....................................................................................................... 16 Technical Approach .............................................................................................................. 16 Research Methodology ......................................................................................................... 16 Data Management ................................................................................................................. 18 The Situational Analysis Report ........................................................................................... 18 Part II International / regional / national human rights framework .............................................. 20 A. The International Perspective ......................................................................................... 20 B. Human rights standards and the nature of State obligations .......................................... 22 Limitation of Rights .............................................................................................................. 24 C. The application of specific human rights in the context of the HIV and AIDS ............. 26 1. Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination ................................................................. 28 2. Right to Privacy .......................................................................................................... 31 3. Right to Marry and to Found a Family and Protection of the Family ........................ 32 4. Right to Freedom of Movement ................................................................................. 32 5. Right to Liberty and Security of Person ..................................................................... 33 6. Right to Education ...................................................................................................... 35 7. Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health ................. 35 8. Right to an Adequate Standard of Living and Social Security Services .................... 38 9. Right to Work ............................................................................................................. 39 10. Freedom from Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ................... 42 Part III ........................................................................................................................................... 44 A. Equality/Anti-Discrimination Law and Policy ............................................................... 44 HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Seychelles........................................................ 44 Foreigners/Migrants .............................................................................................................. 45 Access to Insurance/Bank loans............................................................................................ 49 2 | P a g e B. Health laws, policies and plans ...................................................................................... 51 Isolation and detention of patients ............................................................................................ 56 Informed Consent to HIV Testing and Treatment .................................................................... 59 Confidentiality .......................................................................................................................... 63 Access to HIV Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support ........................................................ 66 Regulation of Health Carers...................................................................................................... 69 C. Criminal Law and Law Enforcement ............................................................................. 72 Men who have sex with men ................................................................................................ 72 Sex workers ........................................................................................................................... 75 People who use drugs............................................................................................................ 79 Criminalisation of HIV transmission and exposure .............................................................. 85 Prisoners ................................................................................................................................ 88 D. Employment ................................................................................................................... 92 Workplace Policy .................................................................................................................. 92 Mandatory workplace testing ................................................................................................ 94 Occupational health and safety, in the health care and law enforcement sectors ................. 95 E. Education and Information ............................................................................................. 98 F. Social Welfare .................................................................................................................. 101 G. Women and Gender Based Violence .................................................................................. 103 Part IV Access to Justice and Law Enforcement in Seychelles .................................................. 107 Awareness of HIV, law and human rights and of legal remedies available ........................... 108 Legal Support Services ........................................................................................................... 109 The court and tribunal system ............................................................................................. 110 Other Statutory Institutions ................................................................................................. 112 The Police Service .............................................................................................................. 113 The Prisons Service............................................................................................................. 113 Part V Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 115 Law review and reform ........................................................................................................... 115 Equality / non-discrimination ............................................................................................. 115 Health laws, policies and plans ........................................................................................... 116 Criminal Law and Law Enforcement ...................................................................................... 119 Men who have sex with men (High priority) ...................................................................... 119 Sex workers ......................................................................................................................... 120 People who use drugs.......................................................................................................... 121 3 | P a g e Criminalisation .................................................................................................................... 121 Prisoners .............................................................................................................................. 122 Employment ............................................................................................................................ 122 Mandatory workplace testing .............................................................................................. 123 Occupational health and safety in health care and law enforcement .................................. 123 Education and information ...................................................................................................... 123 Social welfare.........................................................................................................................
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