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Biogeography of Spain and Portugal International Journal of Geobotanical Research (Abbreviation: Int. J. Geobot. Res.) is a scientific journal published by the Asociación Española de Fitosociología (AEFA). It is published two issues a year (at least). It is open to papers on Bioclimatology, biogeography, phytosociology, plant biology, plant conservation, plant taxonomy, vegetation and cli- matic change and any other plant research projects related to geobotany. Chief editor Ángel Penas Merino Department of Biodiversity & Environmental Management (Botany) Faculty of Biology & Environment Science University of León. León. Spain Email: [email protected] Co-editors Salvador Rivas-Martínez Carlo Blasi Phytosociological Research Center. Department of Plant Biology Los Negrales (Collado-Villalba). Madrid, Spain University of Roma "La Sapienza". Roma. Italy Ulrich Deil Pavel V. Krestov Biologisches Institut II / Geobotanik. Freiburgi. Br. / Germany Institute of Biology & Soil Science. Vladivostok / Russia Andraž Carni Stephen S. Talbot Scientific Research Center. Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts US Fish and Wildlife Service. Anchorage. USA Ljubljana. Slovenia Tomás Emilio Díaz González Javier Loidi Arregui Department of Biology of Organisms & Systems Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of Oviedo. Oviedo. Spain University of the Basque Country. Bilbao. Spain José Carlos Augusta da Costa José Alejandro Velázquez Montes Instituto Superior de Agronomía. Lisboa. Portugal Geografía Ambiental. UNAM. Mexico D.F. Mexico Francisco Alcaraz Ariza Frédéric Bioret Department of Plant Biology. University of Murcia. Murcia / Spain Université de Bretagne occidentale. Brest. France Luis Herrero Cembranos Department of Biodiversity & Environmental Management (Botany) University of León. León. León.. Spain International Editorial Board Ramón Álvarez Esteban Daniel Sánchez Mata Department of Economy & Statistic. University of León. León..Spain University Complutense of Madrid. Spain Michael G. Barbour Javier Amigo Vázquez Department of Plant Sciences. University of California. Davis.USA University of Santiago de Compostela.Santiago de Compostela. Spain Paloma Cantó Ramos Edoardo Biondi University Complutense of Madrid. Spain Universitá Politécnica delle Marche. Ancona. Italy Sara del Río González Bruno de Foucault University of León. León. Spain Département de Botanique.Université de Lille. France Nikolai Ermakov Blanca Díaz Garretas. Central Siberian Botanical Garden. Russia University of Málaga. Málaga. Spain Leopoldo García Sancho Mario Fernandes Lousã University Complutense of Madrid. Spain Instituto Superior de Agronomía. Portugal Carlos Francisco Gonçalves Aguiar Jorge Henrique Capelo Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Bragança. Portugal National Institute of Biological Resources I.P. Oeiras.Portugal Jesús Izco Sevillano Pedro Luis Pérez de Paz Department of Botany. University of Santiago de Compostela. Spain Department of Plant Biology. University of La Laguna. Spain Paolo Mandrioli Ladislav Mucina Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima (CNR-ISAC). Bolonia. Department Enviromental & Aquatic Sciences. Curtin University of Tech- Italy nology. Perth. Australia Gonzalo Navarro Sánchez Yukito Nakamura Universidad Católica San Pablo de Bolivia. Cochabamba. Bolivia Department of Forest Science. Tokyo University of Agriculture. Japan Franco Pedrotti Jean Jacques Lazare Dipartimento de Scienze Ambientali. Universitá degli Studi di Came- Centre d’Etude et de Conservartion des Resources Végétales. Bayonne. rino. Camerino. Italy France Carlos José Pinto Gomes Richard Pott Department of Ecology. University of Evora. Portugal Institut für Geobotanik.Leibniz Universität Hannover. Germany Jesús Orlando Rangel Churio Martha Raynolds Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Alaska Geobotany Center. Institute of Arctic Biology.University of Alaska. Bogotá. Colombia USA Technical Editors (Mapping) Ignacio Prieto Sarro Miguel Álvarez García Department of Geography. University of León. León. Spain Department of Geography. University of León. León. Spain ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN: 2253-6302 (print)/ISSN: 2253-6515 (on line). © EDITAEFA. Asociación Española de Fitosociología. Depósito Legal: LE-280-2011. Published 1 December 2016. Printed by Gráficas CELARAYN S.A. International Journal of Geobotanical Research VOLUME 6 NUMBER 1 DECEMBER 2016 CONTENTS Histo-anatomy of two Pistacia terebinthus L. leaflets galls induced by two enfeoffed aphids: Paracletus cimiciformis von Heyden and Geoïca utricularia Passarini of western Algerian region ............................... 1-8 R. Mellah, H. Benhassaïni & R. Álvarez Subhalophilous and halophilous geopermaseries and minoriseries of sandy and sandy gravel systems of Corsica: typology, bionomy and sequential analysis vegetation .................................................................. 9-26 P. Delbosc, F. Bioret & C. Panaïotis The Place of Geobotany in Geology ........................................................................................................... 27-36 B.D. Odhiambo Plant biodiversity, phytosociology and latitudinal ranges in Sahara meridional and Sahelian regions .... 37-55 M. Costa, A. Santos, L. Llorens, P. Soriano & H. Boira International Journal of Geobotanical Research, Vol. nº 6. 2016. pp. 1-8 Histo-anatomy of Pistacia terebinthus L. leaflets galls induced by Paracletus cimiciformis von Heyden and Geoïca utricularia Passarini. Two aphids in western Algerian region. (1) (1) (2) Rabha MELLAH , Hachemi BENHASSAÏNI & Rafael ÁLVAREZ (1) Plants biodiversity: Conservation and valorization. Djilali Liabes university of Sidi BelAbbes ( Algeria). Email: [email protected], [email protected]. (2) Department of Cellular biology. University of León (Spain). Email: [email protected] Abstract: Terebinth Pistachio tree (Pistacia terebinthus L.) is a typically Mediterranean, with very resinous odorous bark. In spring period, the leaflets of the tree are attacked by various types of aphids which transform them into galls. The aim of this study was to identify the histoanatomical characteristics of leaflets galls induced by Geoica utricularia Passerini and Paracletus cimiciformis von Heyden. The study site is under semiarid bioclimatic range and belong the western Algerian region. Histological cuts on galls and healthy leaflets are studied by using following colorations: Mayer he- matoxylineosin and Safranin O Fastgreen. The results show that the anatomy of leaflets is common to those founding in dicotyledonous witch present a xeromorphic characters like a thick palisade parenchyma, a remarkable cuticle and the presence of numerous stomata. However, pathologic leaflets present a hypertrophy and hyperplasia of vascular bun- dles.This indicates the adaptation of the specie to the semiarid climatic conditions of the studied area and consequently the morphological modification of the leaflets in galls that serve ecological niche for aphids. Keywords: Aphids, histology, galls, leaflets, Pistacia terebinthus L. Introduction The Terebinth pistachio tree is particularly sensitive to this type of insects that transform leaflets to reddish The genus Pistacia contains eleven species including ecological niche with a distinctive architecture, artwork Terebinth pistachio tree (Pistacia terebinthus L.) of aphids which hem the leaflets (BLACKMAN & EASTOP (ZOHARY 1952). This taxon is characterized by alternate and composed leaves, deciduous, oblong and imparipin- 1994). This phenomenon attracts the attention of ecolo- nate or sometimes paripinnate (FOURNIER 1990). They gists and biologists since a long time. However, the gall often have yellow veins and grouped at the end of mechanism formation by the insects remains as yet un- branches, (SPICHIGER et AL. 2004). known (INBAR et AL. 2004). Some species of the genus Pistacia are circum-Medi- On P. terebinthus L., galls differ in shape, size, color terranean distribution (TRAVESET 1994). In these latitu- and structural changes with the affected organ. All the des, the Pistacia genus species leaflets are often invested Terebinth tree galls are smooth and without ornamenta- by several aphids that their are enfeoffed (INBAR et AL tions. Some galls are cylindrically shaped, while others 2004. ALVAREZ et AL 2008; 2011 ALVAREZ & ALVAREZ, are oval, elongated, and more or less wavy with thic- 2012). kening of the lamina with the exception of the gall pro- According to FORREST (1987), 700 species of aphids duced by G. utricularia and B. pistaciae (LECLANT on 4400 described species, causes during their life cycle, 2000). The Galls induced by Forda formicaria, Forda a gall within which they complete a part of their life marginata and Paracletus cimiciformis change the mar- cycle. The galls did not occur randomly. Each aphid is gins of the leaflets, however, Geoïca utricularia modi- associated with a genus or plant species called “host”. fies the midvein, while those of Baizongia pistaciae The aphid causes a gall that serves as refuge and to pro- reached the bud leaf primordial (INBAR et AL. 2004) and tect against bad weather, pesticides and predators. modify eventually the entire leaflet (ALVAREZ et AL (LOISELLE et AL 2013; ISAIAS et AL., 2000 and STONE & 2008;WOOL et AL, 1999 and INBAR et AL 2004). SCHONROGGE, 2003). Recent studies show that on the north shore of the These galls are results of the reaction of plants to this Mediterranean and in the Middle East, attacks
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