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Materiały Do Fauny Mszyc (H Om Optera, a Phidodea) Polski

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Materiały Do Fauny Mszyc (H Om Optera, a Phidodea) Polski POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGICZNY FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA Tom XIV Warszawa, 25 VII 1967 Nr 3 H e n r y k S zelegiewioz Materiały do fauny mszyc (H om optera, A phidodea) Polski. II 1 M aT cp n a.iL i k (|>ayHe TJiefi (Homoptera, Aphidodea) n o jib n m . II1 Beitriige zur Blattlaus-Fauna (Homoptera, Aphidodea) Polens. II1 W związku z opracowaniem katalogu oraz kluczy do oznaczania mszyc Polski wynikła potrzeba możliwie najpełniejszej inwentaryzacji występujących w kraju gatunków i odmian tej grupy owadów. Piśmiennictwo faunistyczne dotyczące mszyc Polski jest wyjątkowo ubo­ gie i odnosi się do nielicznych regionów naszego kraju, głównie Pojezierza Mazurskiego (N e u ­ m a n n , 1857; R i e c h , 1927; S zelegiewioz , 1961a, 1963; H u c u l a k , 1965, 1966a, b), Niziny Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej (S zelegiewioz , 1958, 1961b, 1963, 1964b; A c h r e m o w i c z , 1967) oraz Niziny Mazowieckiej (M o r d v i l k o , 1894-95, S zelegiewioz , 1961c, 1962b, 1965, 1966). Nieco mniej kompletne dane mamy z Pojezierza Pomorskiego (R u b s a a m e n , 1901; S z e l e - g i e w i c z , 1958), Wyżyny Małopolskiej (S zelegiewioz , 1964a), Wyżyny Lubelskiej (J u d e n - k o , 1930-31), Beskidu Wschodniego (H u c u l a k , 1967) oraz Kotliny Nowotarskiej i Tatr (S zelegiewioz , 1962a). Na pozostałych obszarach kraju systematycznych badań faunistycz­ nych nie prowadzono i poza pojedynczymi wzmiankami nie dysponujemy żadnymi wykazami mszyc tych regionów. Na podstawie dotychczasowego piśmiennictwa nie można więc wyro­ bić sobie właściwego obrazu ani o niewątpliwym bogactwie gatunkowym mszyc, ani też o ich rozmieszczeniu w Polsce. Zainteresowanie badaniami faunistycznymi, jakie obserwujemy ostatnio w wielu krajach Europy, wiąże się także z coraz większym znaczeniem gospodarczym mszyc. Istniejąca u mszyc tendencja do aktywnego poszerzania kręgu swych roślin żywicielskich stanowi stałą groźbę zwiększenia liczby gatunków szkodliwych. Fakt, że mszyce stanowią większość znanych obec­ nie wektorów chorób wirusowych roślin, zmusza również do wzmożenia badań faunistycznych. Praca niniejsza zawiera wykaz mszyc zebranych na terenie całego kraju, głównie jednak w okolicach Warszawy. Wykaz ten obejmuje 255 gatunków i odmian, z którach 5 nie było dotąd znanych z naszego kraju, a wiele znanych było zaledwie z pojedynczych stanowisk. Wykaz zawiera także wiadomości o znanym rozmieszczeniu i biologii poszczególnych gatun­ ków. Materiały służące za podstawę opracowanego wykazu przechowywane są w zbiorach Instytutu Zoologicznego PAN. Wszystkim osobom, które przekazały mi zebrany przez siebie materiał, składam na tym miejscu serdeczne podziękowania. *Cf.: Fragmenta Faunistica, Warszawa, 1963, 10: 473-479. http://rcin.org.pl 46 H. Szelegiewicz o WYKAZ SYSTEMATYCZNY GATUNKÓW Rodzina A delgidae 1. Pineus pini (Gmel.) — Gatunek euro-syberyjski, wraz z sosną zawle­ czony do Ameryki Północnej i Południowej, Australii i Nowej Zelandii. Żeru­ je zwykle u nasady szpilek, jedynie w wypadku gradacji atakuje gałęzie i pień. Może powodować szkody w młodnikach i szkółkach; w starszych drzewosta­ nach bez znaczenia gospodarczego. U nas występuje zarówno na niżu, jak i w górach. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Bielany, 6 V 1962, Pinus silvestris L. — liczne bez- skrzydle dzieworódki. 2. Pineus strobi (Htg.) — Gatunek północnoamerykański, zawleczony wraz z wejmutką do Europy i tu rozprzestrzeniony w parkach i ogrodach. Że­ ruje na korze gałęzi i pnia. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Ogród Botaniczny, 10 VI 1966, Pinus strobus L. — liczne bezskrzydłe dzieworódki. *3. Aphrastasia pectinatae (Chol.) — Gatunek rozmieszczony w Europie Północnej i Wschodniej oraz na Syberii. Jest to mszyca różnodomna, migru­ jąca ze świerka na jodłę syberyjską; w parkach atakuje także jodłę pospolitą i balsamiczną. Żeruje na szpilkach. Nowy dla Polski i Europy Środkowej! Nizina Mazowiecka: Baranów, p o w . Grodzisk Mazowiecki, 1 9 5 1 , Abies balsameaM i l l ., H. T r o j a n o w s k i leg. — bezskrzydłe dzieworódki i larwy. 4. Adelges laricis V all. — Gatunek europejski, różnodomny. Migruje ze świerka na modrzew. Na świerku wytwarza charakterystyczne wyrosła na końcach przyrostów rocznych, na modrzewiu żeruje na korze gałązek i u nasady szpilek. W Polsce rozmieszczony głównie na południu kraju, w pozostałej części występuje jedynie w parkach i sztucznych zadrzewieniach. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Ogród Botaniczny, 21 VI 1955, Picea excelsa (Lam .) L k . — larwy w wyroślach. 5. SaccMphanteś abietis (L.) — Gatunek euro-syberyjski, jednodomny. Żyje na świerku w dużych jednostronnych wyroślach, wytwarzanych u nasady przyrostów rocznych. U nas występuje zarówno na niżu, jak i w górach. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Ogród Botaniczny, 21 VI 1955, Picea excelsa (Lam.) Lk. — nimfy i uskrzydlone dzieworódki. 6. SaccMphanteś viridis (R a t z .) — Gatunek europejski, różnodomny. Mig­ ruje ze świerka, na którym wytwarza wyrośla identyczne jak gatunek poprzedni, na modrzew. W Polsce rozmieszczony głównie w południowej części, w innych częściach kraju jedynie w parkach. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Ogród Botaniczny, 21 VI 1955, Larix polonica Rac. — bezskrzydłe dzieworódki. http://rcin.org.pl 3 Materiały do fauny mszyc Polski 47 Rodzina Phylloxeridae 7. Phylloxerina salicis (L i c h t .) — Gatunek szeroko rozmieszczony w Pale- arktyce. Żyje w szczelinach kory pnia i gałęzi wierzby białej. U nas znany dotąd jedynie z Warszawy. Nizina Mazowiecka: Stamirowice, pow. Grójec, 18 VII 1961, Salix alba L. — bez- skrzydłe dzieworódki; Pieniny: Czorsztyn, 15 IX 1964, S. alba L. — bezskrzydłe dziewo- ródki (sexuparae). *8. Phylloxera glabra (H e y d .) — Gatunek szeroko rozmieszczony w Euro­ pie, lecz do niedawna nie odróżniany od Phylloxera coccinea (H e y d .). Założy­ cielka rodu żyje na wiosnę w charakterystycznie zagiętych brzegach blaszki liściowej dębu. Pozostałe pokolenia dzieworodne żyją na spodniej stronie blaszki liściowej, powodując powstawanie białych i żółtych plam. Pokolenie różno- płciowe przenosi się na korę gałęzi. Z Polski dotąd nie wykazywany. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa, 29 Y 1960 — założycielki rodu; tamże, 18 VI 1960 — bezskrzydłe dzieworódki; tamże, 23 VII 1960 — bezskrzydłe i uskrzydlone dzieworódki (sexuparae); wszystkie zebrane z Quercus robur L. Rodzina A phididae Podrodzina Lachninae 9. Cinara (Cinarella) boerneri H.R.L. — Gatunek rozmieszczony w zachod­ niej części Palearktyki aż po Mongolię. Żeruje na młodych pędach modrzewia, zazwyczaj pojedynczo lub w niewielkich koloniach, które tylko wyjątkowo odwiedzane są przez mrówki. U nas występuje zarówno na niżu, jak i w górach. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Bielany, 6 V 1962, Larix decidua M i l l . — larwy założycielek rodu; Ś ląsk D o ln y : Wielisław, pow. Złotoryja, 29 V 1964, Larix decidua M i l l ., B. B i e l a w s k i leg. — bezskrzydłe i uskrzydlone dzieworódki; Beskid Zachodni: Góra Lubań w Gorcach, 1211 m, 13 IX 1964, Larix sp., E. B i e l a w s k i leg. — bezskrzydłe dzie­ woródki; B ieszczad y : Ustrzyki Górne, 13 V III 1965, Larix sp., S. B a l leg. — bezskrzydłe i uskrzydlone dzieworódki. 10. Cinara (Cinarella) pinea (M o b d v .) — Gatunek euro-syberyjski, zawle­ czony wraz z sosną zwyczajną do Ameryki Północnej. Żyje na młodych pędach sosny, zazwyczaj pojedynczo u nasady szpilek i odwiedzany jest zawsze przez mrówki. Należy do najpospolitszych mszyc na sosnach w Polsce. Nizina Mazowiecka: Warszawa-Powsin, 20 VI 1962, Pinus silvestris L., E. B i e l a w ­ s k i leg. — uskrzydlone dzieworódki. 11. Cinara (Cinarella) piniphila (R a t z .) — Gatunek europejski o słabo poznanym rozmieszczeniu. Żyje na młodych, rzadziej starszych gałązkach sosny, często w mieszanych koloniach z C. pinea (M o b d v .) i odwiedzany jest zawsze przez mrówki. U nas występuje sporadycznie na niżu. Pojezierze Mazurskie: Stary Folwark, pow. Suwałki, 16 VII 1960, Pinus silvestris L., S. M. K limaszewski leg. — bezskrzydłe dzieworódki. http://rcin.org.pl 48 H. Szelegiewicz 4 12. Cinara (Tudolachnus) pectinatae ( N o r d e . ) — Gatunek pospolity w gó­ rach Europy Środkowej i Południowej, notowany także z Bliskiego Wschodu. Żyje pojedynczo na młodych pędach u nasady szpilek jodły pospolitej i nie jest odwiedzany przez mrówki. U nas znany dotąd zaledwie z Wyżyny Kra­ kowsko-Wieluńskiej i Tatr. Kotlina Nowotarska: Zakopane, 29 IX 1960, Abies alba M i l l ., R. B i e l a w s k i leg. — bezskrzydłe dzieworódki; Pieniny: polana Doliny, 11 IX 1964, A. alba M i l l ., R. B i e ­ l a w s k i leg. — bezskrzydłe dzieworódki. 13 . Cinara (Cinara) bogdanowi (M o r d v .) — Gatunek palearktyczny, zawle­ czony do Ameryki Północnej. Tworzy zwykle bardzo duże kolonie na gałę­ ziach i pniu, a latem także i korzeniach świerka, które zawsze odwiedzane są przez mrówki. W Polsce znany ze stanowisk zarówno na niżu, jak i w górach; ze Śląska i Pienin nie był dotąd wykazywany. Ś ląsk D olny: Wielisław, pow. Złotoryja, 29 V 1964, Picea excelsa (L a m .) L k ., R. B i e ­ l a w s k i leg. — jedna uskrzydlona dzieworódka; Pieniny: Głęboki Potok, 16 IX 1964, P. excelsa (L a m .) L k . — liczne bezskrzydłe dzieworódki. 14. Cinara (Cinara) piceae (P a n z .) — Gatunek europejski, notowany także z Azji Środkowej. Żyje na korze gałęzi i pnia świerka, tworząc zwykle olbrzy­ mie kolonie odwiedzane przez mrówki. U nas znany dotąd tylko z Pojezierza Mazurskiego i Puszczy Białowieskiej. Beskid Zachodni: Babia Góra, 13 V II 1954, Picea excelsa (L a m .) L k ., R . B i e l a w s k i leg. — dwie uskrzydlone dzieworódki, na wysokości 1600-1700 m. 15. Cinara (Cinara) piceicola (C h o l .) P a s e k — Gatunek holarktyczny, żyje wiosną na korze starych gałęzi, latem na korzeniach świerka. U nas znany dotąd zaledwie z jednego stanowiska w Sudetach Zachodnich. B ie sz c z a d y : Ustrzyki Górne, 14 V III 1965, Picea excelsa (L a m .) L k ., S. B a l leg. — bez­ skrzydłe dzieworódki. 16. Cinara (Cinara) pinicola (K a l t .) — Gatunek palearktyczny, zawle­ czony do Ameryki Północnej.
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