DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,837,254 Chen (45) Date of Patent: Nov

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,837,254 Chen (45) Date of Patent: Nov USOO5837254A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,837,254 Chen (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 17, 1998 54 METHOD OF TREATING CANDIDA AND Kudo-Chemical Abstracts, vol. 114 (1991) abstract 114:254, CRYPTOCOCCUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS BY O21K. ADMINISTERING GENTIAN Song Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 106 (1987) abstract 106:60602d 76 Inventor: Yu Chen, 1520 Taylor Ave., Baltimore, Sadritdinov-Chemical Abstracts, vol. 78 (1973) abstract Md. 21234 79634b. Phytochemistry, vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 111-116 (1996) entitled 21 Appl. No.: 748,949 “Secoiridoids and Antifungal Aromatic Acids From Genti ana Algida'. 22 Filed: Nov. 14, 1996 Copies of pp. 81 and 82 of Materia Medica Chinese Herbal 51 Int. Cl. ............................ A61K 35/78; A61 K9/02; Medicine compiled and translated by Dan Bensky & Andrew A61 K9/20: A61 K9/48 Gamble. 52 U.S. Cl. ....................... 424/195.1; 424/430; 424/433; 424/451; 424/464; 514/967; 514/944 Primary Examiner-David M. Naff 58 Field of Search ................................. 424/195.1, 451, ASSistant Examiner-Janet M. Kerr 424/452, 465, 430, 433, 464; 514/967, Attorney, Agent, Or Firm-Breneman & Georges 944 57 ABSTRACT 56) References Cited A method and preparations for the treatment of vaginal yeast and other yeast infections is provided for the treatment of PUBLICATIONS infections caused by candida albicans and cryptococcuS The Merck Manual, vol. 1, General Medicine, 15th Edition, neoformans. The method and preparations of the invention Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, pp. 106, 107,188, 189, and can also be used for other yeast and fungal infections 1372-1374, 1987. including Systemic, mucosal and cutaneous caused by can Copies of pp. 11-16 and 7-8 of Scientific American Medi dida and cryptococcuS. The vaginal antiyeast and antifungal cine (1980), vol. 2. preparations include, in addition to Suppositories and mouth Copies of pp. 144-149 of Topley and Wilson's Principles of washes, troches, lotions, creams, tablets and capsules con Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity, 8th ed. (1990), vol. 1. taining gentian preparations as an active ingredient obtained A copy of p. 135 of Lederberg (ed.) Encyclopedia of from the, plant Radix gentianae Longdancao other active Microbiology, (1992) vol. 1. ingredients which may also be present are American Radix Copies of pp. 337–338, 682–686, 1089, 1136–1139 and Ginseng, Radix Scutellariae Basica Lensis and FructuS 1142-1143 of Zinsser Microbiology, 20th ed. (1992). Gardeniae Jasminoidis. For Systemic fungal infections gen Copies of pp. 207-208 of Goodman & Gilman's The Phar tian preparations from the plant Radix gentianae Longdan macological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. (1996). cao are taken orally in the form of lozenges, tablets, capsules Copies of pp. 1401-1411 of Principles of Pharmacology, or in Solution form for gargling or Swallowing. The novel Paul L. Munson (1995). gentian preparations also can be applied topically for cuta A copy of p. 627 of The Merck Index, 10th Ed. (1981). neous yeast infections and are administered in the form of Copies of pp. 262-269 of Novak's Textbook of Gynecology, Suppositories, lozenges and creams to treat mucosal yeast 10th Ed. (1980). infections. The gentian oral preparations of the invention are Copies of pp. 183–185 of The Healing Herbs, (1991). capable of passing through the blood brain barrier as dem A copy of page 145 of The Honest Herbal, 3rd Ed. (1993). onstrated by the cure of meningitis caused by cryptococcuS A copy of p. 186 of Chinese Medicinal Herbs, (1973). in AIDS patients. The treatment and novel compositions of A copy of p. 104 of Chinese Herbal Medicine, (1986). the invention are effective in controlling fungal and yeast Copies of pp. 255-277 of A Compilation of Chinese Litera infections in two days to two weeks and provide a non-toxic ture in the 1980s in Chinese with a certified translation. treatment of vaginal yeast and other fungal infections caused Copies of pp. 105-106,256, 644-645, 1131 and 1175 of The by cryptococcuS and candida. Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs, (1982). CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, (1986). 5 Claims, No Drawings 5,837,254 1 2 METHOD OF TREATING CANDIDA AND the utilization of capsules, lotions and liquids prepared in CRYPTOCOCCUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS BY accordance with the present invention. ADMINISTERING GENTIAN 2. Description of Related Prior Art A number of Species of the fungus candida albicans are BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION capable of causing candidiasis. Candida albicans can Switch 1. Field of the Invention reversibly and at high frequency among at least Seven The present invention pertains to a method and novel different phenotypes defined by colony morphology. The compositions containing gentian from the gentianaceae fam changes in candida albicans are often associated with ily of plants for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections and changes in virulence which are related to the particular other fungal infections caused by various fungal and yeast balance of the flora composition in the particular organ as forms Such as candida and cryptococcuS. More particularly, well as immunological condition of the patient. Candida and the invention pertains to novel compositions and prepara cryptococcuS are ubiquitous in the environment and gener tions obtained from the root of the plant having the phar ally do not create problems, except where the immune maceutical name of Radix gentianae Longdancao for the System is weak or compromised or the normal floral balance treatment of vaginal yeast infections and other fungus and 15 of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract or yeast infections caused by candida albicans and cryptococ body is changed as a result of a variety of factorS Such as CS. StreSS, changes in pH, nutrition and changes in the immune The plant Radix gentianae Longdancao is also known by System of the patient. Candida albicans is part of the normal the botanical names Gentiana Scabra Bge, Gentiana triflora flora of the Skin, mucous membranes in the mouth, throat, Pall, Gentiana manshurica Kitag, Gentiana algida Pall, intestine and genital tract. Normally candida fungus lives in Gentiana regescens Fransh and Gentiana lutea which will a healthy balance with the other bacteria and yeasts in the be referred to collectively as Radix gentianae Longdancao. body as part of the normal flora. As a result infection is Radix gentianae Longdancao may be used to prepare novel always present and candida albicans is the most common antifungal preparations and novel medicaments in the form Systemic mycosis. of topical creams, liquids, lotions, capsules, lozenges and 25 A number of environmental Stimuli are known to trigger Suppositories. The novel preparations from Radix gentianae or to block the growth of candidiasis. Candida flora is Longdancao may be applied topically or transmucosally to generally kept in balance by killer toxins produced by other treat cutaneous and mucosal Syndromes caused by candida yeast and fungus in the normal flora of the body. Abnormal infection or taken internally in the form of lotions, liquids, physiological changes in the epithelium may be involved tablets and capsules for the treatment of Systemic candida together with a host of other factors, including genetics, and cryptococcuS infections. nutrition, StreSS and other factors that result in infections of The novel method of treatment of candida and crypto various organs of the body, particularly in immuno coccuS infection with novel preparations from Radix genti Suppressed individuals or in individuals that have had the anae Longdancao is effective in treating not only cutaneous 35 normal floral balance changed by the taking of wide Spec and mucosal candidiasis but also Systemic candidiasis trum antibiotics Such as tetracycline. The taking of Such involving the bloodstream and metastatic invasion of the wide spectrum antibiotics has in many cases eliminated meninges, bones, joints, peritonium and myocardium. The beneficial flora which keep candida albicans in check and novel Radix gentianae Longdancao preparations, when prevented candidiasis. taken internally, pass through the digestive System and enter 40 In addition to a great number of environmental factors a the blood Stream for the treatment of Systemic candida host of immunological conditions of the patient result in infections and pass the blood brain barrier to treat meningeal varying degrees of Susceptibility to candidiasis and crypto candidiasis and cryptococcuS meningitis in AIDS patients. coccuS infections. Cancer patients, organ transplant patients The novel preparations of the invention do not require and patients with immunologic disorders, chronic infections, injection or IV application for the treatment of fungal 45 leukemia, acquired immunodeficiency disorder diseases infections of candida albicans, candida tropicalis and other (AIDS), Hodgkin's disease, neutropenia and other hemato candida Species referred to collectively as candida and logic diseases and endocrinopathies including diabetes leave cryptococcuS neoformans and other cryptococcuS Species the patient particularly Susceptible to fungal infections by collectively referred to as cryptococcus. The novel Radix candida albicans and cryptococcuS. Such immunologically gentianae Longdancao preparations are advantageous over 50 compromised patients are at a risk of Systemic candidiasis, the prior art Since they are nontoxic to the patient and may cryptococcal meningitis and other infections resulting from be utilized in patients having weak or compromised immune
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Viamet Reports Positive Results from Interim Analysis of REVIVE Phase 2B Trial of VT-1161 in Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
    Viamet Reports Positive Results from Interim Analysis of REVIVE Phase 2b Trial of VT-1161 in Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis -Interim Results Demonstrate Strong Clinical Benefit and Favorable Safety Profile- -Final Data Expected in Fourth Quarter of 2016- RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C., March 9, 2016, – Viamet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. today reported positive results from a planned interim analysis of REVIVE (Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Inhibition: an Oral VT-1161 Tablet Evaluation), its ongoing Phase 2b clinical trial of VT-1161 for the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, or RVVC. RVVC is defined as three or more episodes of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis, or AVVC (commonly referred to as a vaginal yeast infection), in a 12-month period. VT-1161, the company’s lead product candidate, is a highly potent and selective, orally available inhibitor of fungal CYP51. “It is estimated that RVVC affects 5% to 8% of U.S. women during their child-bearing years and has a significant negative impact on quality of life,” commented Robert Schotzinger, M.D., Ph.D., CEO of Viamet. “Despite the number of women affected by this disease, we are not aware of any approved therapies for RVVC in the U.S. VT-1161 has demonstrated a high degree of potency against Candida species, the causative fungal pathogens responsible for RVVC, a robust oral pharmacokinetic profile, and a favorable safety profile in previous studies. These attributes, coupled with the positive interim results from our REVIVE trial, suggest that VT-1161 has the potential to be a highly effective treatment option for patients with RVVC.” REVIVE is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week clinical trial of VT-1161 in patients with RVVC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Architectural Complexity of Crown Bud Clusters in Gentian: Anatomy, Ontogeny, and Origin
    J. AMER.SOC.HORT.SCI. 139(1):13–21. 2014. The Architectural Complexity of Crown Bud Clusters in Gentian: Anatomy, Ontogeny, and Origin Uttara C. Samarakoon1,4, Keith A. Funnell2, and David J. Woolley Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand Barbara A. Ambrose3 Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand Ed R. Morgan The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11 600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. adventitious buds, axillary buds, Gentianaceae, hierarchical arrangement of buds, phyllotaxis ABSTRACT. Shoot productivity and overwintering survival of gentians (Gentiana sp.) are determined by the initiation and subsequent development of crown bud clusters. Understanding of the anatomical features and origins of crown buds and bud clusters, and plant ontogeny, the morphological features of crown buds, and their associated development is required to achieve manipulation of bud initiation, emergence, and development. Anatomical features of the crown bud clusters were examined using both light and confocal microscopy using hybrids of Gentiana triflora · G. scabra. The initiation of bud clusters presented characteristics typical of adventitious buds in terms of their origin and presence of external vascular connection to the parental tissue. In contrast, crown buds forming subsequently within the cluster developed as axillary buds within that initial bud, collectively forming on a compact stem with minimal internode elongation. Stem elongation within the cluster after application of gibberellic acid enabled identification of a hierarchical arrangement of buds within the cluster with one bud at each node and arranged spirally at 908.
    [Show full text]
  • Candida & Nutrition
    Candida & Nutrition Presented by: Pennina Yasharpour, RDN, LDN Registered Dietitian Dickinson College Kline Annex Email: [email protected] What is Candida? • Candida is a type of yeast • Most common cause of fungal infections worldwide Candida albicans • Most common species of candida • C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts. • Causes infections Candidiasis • Overgrowth of candida can cause superficial infections • Commonly known as a “yeast infection” • Mouth, skin, stomach, urinary tract, and vagina • Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) • Oral infections, called oral thrush, are more common in infants, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems • Vulvovaginal candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection) • About 75% of women will get a vaginal yeast infection during their lifetime Causes of Candidiasis • Humans naturally have small amounts of Candida that live in the mouth, stomach, and vagina and don't cause any infections. • Candidiasis occurs when there's an overgrowth of the fungus RISK FACTORS WEAKENED ASSOCIATED IMUMUNE SYSTEM FACTORS • HIV/AIDS (Immunosuppression) • Infants • Diabetes • Elderly • Corticosteroid use • Antibiotic use • Contraceptives • Increased estrogen levels Type 2 Diabetes – Glucose in vaginal secretions promote Yeast growth. (overgrowth) Treatment • Antifungal medications • Oral rinses and tablets, vaginal tablets and suppositories, and creams. • For vaginal yeast infections, medications that are available over the counter include creams and suppositories, such as miconazole (Monistat), ticonazole (Vagistat), and clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin). • Your doctor may prescribe a pill, fluconazole (Diflucan). The Candida Diet • Avoid carbohydrates: Supporters believe that Candida thrives on simple sugars and recommend removing them, along with low-fiber carbohydrates (eg, white bread).
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Relationships in the Genus Gentiana Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data and Nuclear DNA Content
    Breeding Science 59: 119–127 (2009) Genetic relationships in the genus Gentiana based on chloroplast DNA sequence data and nuclear DNA content Kei-ichiro Mishiba1), Kyoko Yamane1), Takashi Nakatsuka2), Yuki Nakano2), Saburo Yamamura2), Jun Abe3), Hiromi Kawamura3), Yoshihito Takahata4) and Masahiro Nishihara*2) 1) Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan 2) Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan 3) Iwate Agricultural Research Center, 20-1 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan 4) Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan Genetic relationships among 50 Gentiana accessions, comprising 36 wild species and 14 cultivars, were de- termined based on analysis of sequence data for the chloroplast trnL(UAA) intron, the rpl16 coding region and the rpl16-rpl14 intergenic spacer (IGS), together with nuclear DNA content as determined by flow cyto- metric analysis. The combined chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) data set was analyzed using both neighbor- joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. The NJ and the strict consensus trees were generally congruent with previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, whereas G. cachemirica and G. yakushimensis were classified in different sectional affinities from their prevailing classifications. Three major cpDNA hap- lotypes (designated A, B and C), comprising 30 accessions in the sections Pneumonanthe, Cruciata, and Kudoa (ser. Monanthae), were each distinguished by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rpl16-rpl14 IGS and the rpl16 coding region. Nuclear DNA content varied from 6.47 to 11.75 pg among the taxa pos- sessing cpDNA haplotype A.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Thrush A
    Oral thrush A. Introduction Oral thrush occurs when a yeast infection develops on the inside of your mouth and on your tongue. This condition is also known as oral candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, or, simply, thrush. The Candida albicans (C. albicans) fungus causes oral thrush. Candida is a normal organism in your mouth, but sometimes it can overgrow and cause symptoms. Oral thrush most often occurs in infants and toddlers. Oral thrush is typically mild and rarely causes complications. However, the condition can be problematic for those with weakened immune systems. B. Signs and Symtoms Oral thrush is usually harmless. It's common in babies and older people with dentures. It can be easily treated with medicines bought from a pharmacy. Adults Your mouth is red inside and you have white patches When you wipe off the white patches, they leave red spots that can bleed Other symptoms in adults are: 1.cracks at the corners of the mouth 2.not tasting things properly 3.an unpleasant taste in the mouth 4.pain inside the mouth (for example, a sore tongue or sore gums) 5.difficulty eating and drinking Oral thrush in adults isn't contagious. Babies A white coating on the tongue like cottage cheese – this can't be rubbed off easily Sometimes there are white spots in their mout Other symptoms in babies are: 1.they don't want to feed 2.nappy rash Babies can pass oral thrush on through breastfeeding. This can cause nipple thrush in mothers. C. Treatment Treatment for oral thrush varies depending on your age and overall health.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Infection
    Fungal Infection What is a Fungus? A Fungus is a tiny microorganism that belongs to the eukaryotic group and is ubiquitous in nature. They can be found in the soil, plants, decaying organic matter, damp places, and also in humans and animals. They include yeast, moulds, mushrooms and several others out of which some are pathogenic to humans. What is Fungal Infection? Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a broad term to describe various disease conditions caused by different types of fungi. Sometimes, fungi that aren’t present in the normal flora can colonize and induce an infection. Or the disruption of normal flora can lead to a fungal infection. Fungal infections can affect anyone at any age. If it spreads, then the treatment and control of these infections become extremely challenging. What are the different types of Fungal Infections? There are several types of fungal infections that can cause serious damage to health. Some of the common types of fungal infections are as follows: Ringworm infections Nail infections Athlete’s foot Vaginal yeast infections Oral thrush Jock itch 1 Scalp infections, etc. The fungus can also cause a full-blown infection, sinus infections and deep lung infections. What are the signs and symptoms of different Fungal Infections? The signs and symptoms of different fungal infections widely vary from each other, and some of them are discussed below: Signs and symptoms of Ringworm infections- Formation of a red ring-like patch, development of blisters around the affected area, itching and burning sensation. Signs and symptoms of Nail infections- Discoloration of nails, destruction of their normal shape, brittle nails, a feeling of pain and pressure in the affected area.
    [Show full text]
  • TISSUE INJURY INDUCED by CANDIDA ALBICANS Menstrual Period Occurring on the 26Th Day of "She's More Active," "Doesn't Sit and Hold Her Treatment
    Tissue Injury Induced By Candida Albicans Mental and Neurologic Manifestations C. Orian Truss, M.D.I Introduction body complexes or the presence of "auto- Medical research of the past several decades antibodies" to one's own tissues are but two has greatly expanded our knowledge of the examples. deranged chemistry and physiology that The same "dead end" is reached, however, characterize many individual disease states. Yet when the search for a virus or other antigenic most diseases have stubbornly resisted the agent is unfruitful. The evidence indicates that massive effort to unlock the secret of their an immunologic response is taking place and etiologies. We learn more and more about the is in some way involved in the disease abnormalities of function that result in clinical process, but the antigenic agent continues to symptoms and signs, but continue to be frustrated elude discovery. in our effort to discover the identity of the factor Or we may postulate that the immunologic initiating the departure from normal function. It is process occurs secondary to toxic damage to a unfortunate that the list of such diseases is headed tissue, leading to autoantibodies and perhaps by those that are the most frequent cause of to antigen-antibody complex deposition. But disability and death. Among them would be again, such a toxin escapes detection, if it atherosclerosis, most often clinically expressed as exists. hypertension, heart attacks, and strokes; In presenting selected, cases treated during malignancies, "auto-immune" diseases, arthritis, the past 16 years, I hope to call attention to muscle-wasting diseases, mental and neurologic Candida Albicans as a possible candidate for disorders, and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • (Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream USP 1%) Clotrimaderm Vaginal 3
    PRODUCT MONOGRAPH Clotrimaderm Vaginal 6 (Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream USP 1%) Clotrimaderm Vaginal 3 (Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream USP 2%) Clotrimaderm External Cream (Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream USP 1%) Antifungal Agent Taro Pharmaceuticals Inc. Date of Preparation: 130 East Drive January 27, 2020 Brampton, Ontario L6T 1C1 Control #232921 Page 1 of 22 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION ................................................................ 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 3 INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE ........................................................................................... 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ................................................................................................................. 3 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ............................................................................................... 3 ADVERSE REACTIONS ................................................................................................................. 4 DRUG INTERACTIONS .................................................................................................................. 5 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ............................................................................................. 5 OVERDOSAGE ................................................................................................................................. 6 ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Further Chromosome Studies on Vascular Plant Species from Sakhalin, Moneran and Kurile Islands
    Title Further Chromosome Studies on Vascular Plant Species from Sakhalin, Moneran and Kurile Islands Author(s) Probatova, Nina S.; Barkalov, Vyacheslav Yu.; Rudyka, Elvira G.; Pavlova, Nonna S. Citation 北海道大学総合博物館研究報告, 3, 93-110 Issue Date 2006-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/47822 Type bulletin (article) Note Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin vol.2 File Information v. 2-4.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin (2006) 2, 93-110. Further Chromosome Studies on Vascular Plant Species from Sakhalin, Moneran and Kurile Islands Nina S. Probatova, Vyacheslav Yu. Barkalov, Elvira G. Rudyka and Nonna S. Pavlova Laboratory of Vascular Plants, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Chromosome numbers for 86 vascular plant species of 69 genera and 32 families, from Sakhalin, Moneron and Kurile Islands, are given. The chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time for the following 17 species: Arabis japonica, Artemisia punctigera, Calamagrostis urelytra, Callianthemum sachalinense, Cerastium sugawarae, Dianthus sachalinensis, Lonicera tolmatchevii, Melandrium sachalinense, Myosotis sachalinensis, Oxytropis austrosachalinensis, O. helenae, O. sachalinensis, Polemonium schizanthum, Ranunculus hultenii, Rubus pseudochamaemorus, Scrophularia grayana and Senecio dubitabilis. In addition, for Alchemilla gracilis, Allium ochotense, Caltha fistulosa, Chrysosplenium kamtschaticum, Draba cinerea, Echinochioa occidentalis, Erysimum pallasii, Sagina crassicaulis and Stellaria fenzlii, new cytotypes were revealed. At present, in Sakhalin, Moneron and the Kurile Islands chromosome numbers have been counted for 536 species. Chromosome numbers are now known for 48 species from Moneron.
    [Show full text]
  • Downregulation of Fungal Cytochrome C Peroxidase Expression by Antifungal Quinonemethide Triterpenoids
    J Appl Biol Chem (2016) 59(4), 281−284 Online ISSN 2234-7941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2016.048 Print ISSN 1976-0442 Article: Bioactive Materials Downregulation of fungal cytochrome c peroxidase expression by antifungal quinonemethide triterpenoids Woo-Duck Seo1 · Dong-Yeol Lee2 · Ki Hun Park2 · Jin-Hyo Kim2 Received: 23 May 2016 / Accepted: 29 June 2016 / Published Online: 31 December 2016 © The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 2016 Abstract To handle the development of antifungal drug resistance, are reported to possess several biological activities such as the development of new structural modules and new modes of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, action for antifungals have been highlighted recently. Here, the and insecticidal activities (Luo et al. 2005; Brinker et al. 2007; antifungal activity of quinonemethidal triterpenoids such as Gao et al. 2007; Su et al. 2009; Ryu et al. 2010) as well as celastrol, dihydrocelastrol, iguestein, pristimerin, and tingenone antifungal activity (Dos Santos et al. 2010). Furthermore, these isolated from Tripterygium regelii were identified (MIC 0.269- triterpenoids induced an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen 19.02 µM). C. glabrata was the most susceptible to quinonemethide species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (Byun et al. 2009), among the tested fungi. Furthermore, quinonemethide suppressed and the quinonemethide moiety with electrochemical potential is cyctochrome c peroxidase expression dramatically, decreasing regarded as a key component of the triterpenoid (Ryu et al. 2010). fungal viability caused by the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Despite the many biological activities of quinonemethide triterpenoid, Thus, cyctochrome c peroxidase downregulation of quinonemethide the structure-based antifungal activity with quinomethide triterpenoid may be a key mode of action for antifungals.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginal Yeast Infection a Vaginal Yeast Infection Is an Infection of the Vagina, Most Commonly Due to the Fungus Candida Albicans
    5285 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202 (P) 313-577-5041 | (F) 313-577-9581 health.wayne.edu Vaginal Yeast Infection A vaginal yeast infection is an infection of the vagina, most commonly due to the fungus Candida albicans. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Most women have a vaginal yeast infection at some time. Candida albicans is a common type of fungus. It is often found in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, digestive tracts, and on the skin. Usually it does not cause disease or symptoms. Candida and the many other germs that normally live in the vagina keep each other in balance. However, sometimes the number of Candida albicans increases, leading to a yeast infection. A yeast infection can happen if you are: • Taking antibiotics used to treat other types of infections. Antibiotics change the normal balance between germs in the vagina by decreasing the number of protective bacteria. • Pregnant • Obese • Have diabetes A yeast infection is not a sexually transmitted illness. However, some men will develop symptoms such as itching and a rash on the penis after having sexual contact with an infected partner. Having many vaginal yeast infections may be a sign of other health problems. Other vaginal infections and discharges can be mistaken for vaginal yeast infection. Symptoms • Pain with intercourse • Painful urination • Redness and swelling of the vulva • Vaginal and labial itching, burning • Abnormal Vaginal Discharge • Ranges from a slightly watery, white discharge to a thick, white, chunky discharge (like cottage cheese) Signs and Tests A pelvic examination will be done. It may show swelling and redness of the skin of the vulva, in the vagina, and on the cervix.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Sourcing : Markets for Certified Chinese
    SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS In collaboration with SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS Abstract for trade information services ID=43163 2016 SITC-292.4 SUS International Trade Centre (ITC) Sustainable Sourcing: Markets for Certified Chinese Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Geneva: ITC, 2016. xvi, 141 pages (Technical paper) Doc. No. SC-2016-5.E This study on the market potential of sustainably wild-collected botanical ingredients originating from the People’s Republic of China with fair and organic certifications provides an overview of current export trade in both wild-collected and cultivated botanical, algal and fungal ingredients from China, market segments such as the fair trade and organic sectors, and the market trends for certified ingredients. It also investigates which international standards would be the most appropriate and applicable to the special case of China in consideration of its biodiversity conservation efforts in traditional wild collection communities and regions, and includes bibliographical references (pp. 139–140). Descriptors: Medicinal Plants, Spices, Certification, Organic Products, Fair Trade, China, Market Research English For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr. Alexander Kasterine ([email protected]) The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Suggested citation: International Trade Centre (2016). Sustainable Sourcing: Markets for Certified Chinese Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, International Trade Centre, Geneva, Switzerland. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union.
    [Show full text]