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NAC Art Kites Project Art Kite Project Time Line

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NAC Art Kites Project Art Kite Project Time Line PREPARED FOR NIAGARA ARTISTS CENTRE Art Kites ABOUT ART KITES: ART KITES—NIAGARA AUGUST–OCTOBER 2007 • Kites have been used as a form of artistic ex- pression since the earli- est times. NAC Art Kites Project • Cultural influences in the shape of the kite often help to determine the artistic expression. The Niagara Artists’ Centre “You Fly It” Art Kites • All types of media are project is a unique opportunity to place creative inspira- used for artistic expres- tion on a highly visible art display platform: the kite. sion on kite sails. This unique opportunity allows you to participate in • Modern materials when an event designed by NAC to honour the 50th Anniver- combined with tradi- tional kite making skills sary of the Canada Council for the Arts. can create highly imagi- native and personal Join in and make brightly-coloured, celebratory kites artistic expressions. to fly high in the air against a spotless blue sky! CONTENTS Joining Spirit to Physical Brief History of 2 The simple kite is a vehicle which speaks of the joining of the spirit and the physical. Kite are tools, mediums Kites of expression in space, meditations on space: structures and surfaces, colors and forms interacting---visual, aural, tactile. The kite’s flying line connects the human hand and mind with the elements. Kites offer artists Kite Structure 3 unparalleled opportunity to play, to explore, to experiment, manipulating scale and distance, making an Types of Kites 4 immense space visible, unlocking the imagination. Art Volant symposium, Mallorca, l995 Physics of Kite 5-7 Flight Quoted in: The Drachen Foundation Journal - Summer 2004 Kite Tools and 8- Materials 10 Art Kites Overview 11- 14 Art Kite Project Time Line Some Kite Artists 14- 17 Introductory Workshop: Saturday, August 25, 2007 at the Niagara Artists Centre—10:00 to Noon. Art Kite 18- References 19 Overview of the Art Kite project and Introduction to Kites and Kite Building About the 20 Development of Artist’s Proposal: Creating your own concept for submission to NAC for approval. Workshop Second Workshop: Mid-September, 2007 - Exact date to be determined. Specific design assistance with your Art Kite Project. An in depth and hands on session. Personalized NAC Info 20 help with kite construction. Art Kite Flight Day: Sunday, Oct. 21, 2007 - Into the sky! Art on High! Flying your creations. Juried judging and fun in the air! Be certain to have your camera with you! PAGE 2 A Brief History of Kites • The exact date and origin of the kite is not known but it is believed that they were flown in China more than two thousand years ago. There is anthropological evi- dence to suggest that the kite may have simultaneously developed in the Indonesian archipelago and South Pacific islands. • One of the earliest written accounts of kite flying was about 200 B.C. describing the Chinese general Han Hsin, during the Han Dynasty, flying a kite above a town to determine how far his army would have to tunnel. Knowing the distance to dig, his troops surprised their enemy and were victorious. • Kite flying spread from China via trade and with missionaries to Korea, Japan, India, etc. Kites were brought to Japan about the 7th century by Buddhist monks. They were used to avert evil spirits and to insure rich harvests. Kite flying became very popular in Japan during the Edo period. • An old Japanese legend claims that a thief used a large kite to carry himself to the top of Nagoya Castle in order to steal golden statues from the roof. All he ob- tained were some flakes of gold leaf and he was captured and punished severely A kite is a flying when he bragged of his exploits. device that remains • There are many stories about how the people of Micronesia used a leaf kite to tethered to a fixed carry bait out over the water where fish fed. point or to the • The Polynesians have myths about two brother gods introducing kites to man person flying it. when they had a kite duel. Kite fighting is still an extremely popular pastime in the Far East and the Indian sub-continent. • Marco Polo carried stories of kites to Europe around the end of the 13th century. Illustrations of the period show non-flying dragon kites based on military banners. It must fly in a Kites were regarded as curiosities and had little impact on European culture until they were used as scientific instruments. reasonably steady • In the 18th and 19th centuries kites were used by vehicles for discovery. Ben fashion at an angle of Franklin,, Sir George Caley, Samuel Langley, Lawrence Hargrave, Alexander Gra- 15 degrees above ham Bell, and the Wright Brothers experimented with kites and contributed to the horizon for a development of the airplane. Kites designed by William Abner Eddy and Hargrave sustained period of were used to raise meteorological instruments. In England, a schoolmaster, George time to be Pocock, used a pair of kites to pull a carriage at speeds of up to 20 miles per hour, and he lifted his daughter in a chair to demonstrate the power of kites. considered a “kite”. • As the airplane became firmly established in the early 1900’s, the kite was rele- gated to a child’s toy and used for recreational flying. However, cultural uses of Kites may be of varying kites persisted around the world and the beauty of a well made kite in the sky is a natural attraction to people. • The kite was again used as an instrument of exploration in the early 1900’s with Guglielmo Marconi using a kite to raise an antenna in Newfoundland and receive the first trans-Atlantic wireless signal from England. • During the past fifty years, Francis Rogallo's flexi-wing and Domina Jalbert's parafoil kites helped develop modern hang-gliders and sports parachutes. In 1972 Peter Powell make the duel line stunt kite popular. The development of “sport kites” has led to a major resurgence and interest in kites. Today, many adults and children are enjoying kites as an activity, a serious hobby and more recently, as a form of artistic expression. To see a complete Time Line of Kite History visit:: http://best-breezes.squarespace.com/time-line-of-kite-history/ ART KITES ART KITES—NIAGARA ARTISTS CENTRE PAGE 3 3 Kite Structure Parts of a Kite: Generally, most kites have the following parts: • Sail: the cover material that provides a surface to the kite. The sail may be of fabric, paper, woven natural materials (leaves, reeds, etc.) or modern coverings such as plastic, Mylar, Tyvek. The sail provides a surface that directs the air to provide the kite with "A kite is a heavier- lift. Typically the sail is the surface used for artistic and graphic expression. than-air craft that • Bridle: a line or group of lines that keeps the kite at the proper angle to the wind and depends on the wind supports the kite at multiple points. • Line: provides the ‘tether’ for the to overcome gravity kite that keeps it from flying away. Generally, thicker line is stronger and to fly. All kites have strength of line is measured in pounds. one or more • Tow Point: Connection point of the line to the bridle. surfaces to be acted • Spars: Most kites will have a skeletal upon by the wind, a structure made up of dowels, sticks, fiberglass or carbon filament rods to bridle to hold the provide the structure to which the sail kite at an efficient is applied. Kite spars can have special names like “spine”, “spreader”, angle into the wind, “longeron” and “cross spar” to help a flying line to keep describe the function of the spar. the kite from • Fittings: include spar to spar fittings (special connectors) and spar to fabric blowing away." fittings such as tape, pockets or glue. Source: The • Tail: flown from the back of kite, the tail adds drag to stabilize the kite and Drachen Foundation, keep it pointed into the wind. Tails can Seattle WA. also be used in an artistic fashion. • Keel: a special rudder like device that performs the function of the bridle in keeping the kite directed into the wind. Only a few kite designs employ a keel. • ART KITES Types of Kites PAGE 4 There are several different types or categories of kite design. Nothing sparks more debate among kite fliers than how to categorize kites and how to fit innovative kite designs into a categorization scheme. Generally, it is agreed that there are about ten different categories of kites. Flat. Plane-surface kite with two dimensions, vertical and horizontal. Includes two-dimensional kites which may bow rearward under wind pressure. Bowed. Any kite which has wingtips rearward from the center spar and with the bowing maintained by means of a bow string or other fixed means. Box or Cellular. Cellular kite with three or more sides held open by means of struts, or by wind pressure, on one or more of the sides. Keeled. A kite which has a third dimension protuberance usually at right angles from the face of the kite, to which the flying line is attached. Parachute. A flexible umbrella-like canopy with multiple shroud lines attached to the edges, held open by air pressure. Sled. A rectangular canopy, with usually two or more vertical struts, held open by air pressure to form a semi-rigid kite. Parawing. A non-rigid kite of two or more conic sections and a simulated keel, formed by use of flexible material and multiple bridle lines which hold the form in shape under wind pressure.
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