DOCSLIB.ORG

Alžběta Novotná PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY of GENETIC RESOURCES of LACTUCA L., THEIR ECOBIOLOGY and EXPLOITATION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alžběta Novotná PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY of GENETIC RESOURCES of LACTUCA L., THEIR ECOBIOLOGY and EXPLOITATION PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY IN OLOMOUC FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Alžběta Novotná PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF LACTUCA L., THEIR ECOBIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION PH.D. THESIS Ph.D. Program of Biology – Botany Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Aleš Lebeda, DrSc. Olomouc 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to: My supervisor Prof. Ing. Aleš Lebeda, DrSc. for his professional supervision, invaluable suggestions and guidance from the very early stage of this research up to this moment. Futhermore I am heartly thankful to him for thorough reading of this thesis and all my publications and for his valuable advices. My adviser RNDr. Ivana Doležalová, Ph.D. for her detailed and constructive comments, and important support throughout this work. Doc. Ing. Eva Křístková, Ph.D. for reading all publications and giving her critical comments and invaluable advices about them. Dr. Milena Kršková and Mgr. Tomáš Berka for their guidance in statistical analysis. Finally, I wish to thank to my family and to my best friend and fiancé Cesar Montalvo, M.Sc. for helping me get through the difficult moments, their patience, and for all the emotional support, help, and caring they provided. Zlín, February 24th 2011. Alžběta Novotná BIBLIOGRAPHICAL IDENTIFICATION Author’s first name and surname: Mgr. Alžběta Novotná Title: Phenotypic variability of genetic resources of Lactuca L., their ecobiology and exploitation Type of thesis: Ph.D. Thesis Department: Department of Botany Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Aleš Lebeda, DrSc. The year of presentation: 2011 Abstract: This Ph.D. thesis is focused on five various topics related to the Lactuca spp. germplasm, their phenotypic variation and ecobiology, as well as utilization in lettuce breeding. The first one is the development of L. sativa descriptor with 55 morphological characters created on the base of long-lasting observations of morphological and phenological variability of lettuce. The main topic is the study about morphological variability of achenes of Lactuca serriola L. (prickly lettuce) genetic resources in relation to different eco-geographical conditions. We evaluated achenes of L. serriola populations originating from six countries (Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Sweden). Totally 8 quantitative morphological features relating to the achene body and pappus were searched. According to the achene morphology is possible to distinguish both L. serriola forms (f. serriola and f. integrifolia). Achenes of f. serriola are shorter, thinner, with shorter beak, lower length/width index and higher number of ribs in comparison to f. integrifolia. High significant differences between Slovene and Swedish populations were found in case of length and width of body, length of pappus bristles and pappus area. Significant positive and negative correlations were found between evaluated morphological features and studied eco-geographical factors. Based on morphology of L. serriola leaves, which is the third topic, only L. serriola f. serriola was recorded in Czech populations, whereas in United Kingdom forma integrifolia was clearly dominant. The next topic is related to study eco-geographical distribution of wild Lactuca spp. in North America - USA and Canada. More than 340 seed accesscions of 7 wild Lactuca spp., one hybrid and an undetermined Lactuca sp. were sampled during some collecting and exploration missions which were undertaken in the first decade of this century. These germplasm accessions were further used in morphological and molecular studies and in research about downy mildew resistance. The up to now knowledge from last 25 years of intensive study of the genus Lactuca L., other plans and directions in this field of research are summarized in the last topic. Keywords: achene, biogeography, breeding, descriptor, distribution, ecology, genebanks, germplasm, Lactuca sativa, Lactuca serriola, lettuce, morphology, prickly lettuce, seed Number of pages: 176 Number of appendices: 0 Language: English BIBLIOGRAFICKÁ IDENTIFIKACE Jméno a příjmení autora: Mgr. Alžběta Novotná Téma: Fenotypová variabilita genových zdrojů rodu Lactuca L., jejich ekobiologie a využití Druh práce: Doktorská disertační Katedra: Katedra botaniky Školitel: Prof. Ing. Aleš Lebeda, DrSc. Rok obhájení práce: 2011 Abstrakt: Předkládaná disertační práce je zaměřena na 5 různých témat týkající se genových zdrojů rodu Lactuca L., jejich fenotypové variability, ekobiologie a praktického využití ve šlechtění kultuního salátu (L. sativa). První část pojednává o souboru popisných morfologických znaků L. sativa. Soubor, který obsahuje 55 morfologických charakteristik, byl vyhotoven na základě dlouhodobého pozorování morfologické a fenologické rozmanitosti této významné listové zeleniny. V další části předkládané disertační práce jsou shrnuty dosavadní výsledky studia morfologické variability rozmnožovacích propagulí (nažek) genových zdrojů lociky kompasové (L. serriola) ve vztahu k různým ekogeografickým faktorům. Byly zde hodnoceny nažky populací L. serriola pocházející ze 6 zemí Evropy (z České republiky, Německa, Nizozemí, Velké Británie, Slovinska a Švédska). Studovali jsme 8 vybraných kvantitativních morfologických znaků těla nažek a jejich chmýru. Podle námi dosažených výsledků je možné i na základě morfologie nažek rozlišit obě listové formy L. serriola (L. serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia). Nažky formy serriola jsou kratší, užší, s kratším zobánkem, nižším indexem tvaru a větším počtem žeber než nažky formy integrifolia. Při studiu nažek L. serriola pocházejících ze Slovinska a Švédska byl prokázán statisticky signifikantní rozdíl v délce a šířce těla, v délce štětin chmýru a jeho ploše. Statisticky signifikantní pozitivní i negativní korelační závislosti byly prokázány mezi studovanými morfologickými znaky a vybranými ekogeografickými faktory. Ve třetí části jsou uvedeny dosažené poznatky hodnocení morfologické variability rosetových a stonkových listů populací L. serriola z České republiky a Velké Británie. Výsledky ukázaly, že v České republice byla dominantní L. serriola f. serriola, zatímco ve Velké Británii byl zaznamenán výskyt jen formy integrifolia. Další část je zaměřena na průzkum ekogeografického rozšíření planých druhů rodu Lactuca L. v Severní Americe, tj. v USA a Kanadě. Během výzkumně-sběrových expedic, které byly uskutečněny v těchto zemích v letech 2002-2008, bylo získáno více než 340 semenných vzorků 7 planých druhů rodu Lactuca L., jednoho křížence (L. canadensis x L. ludoviciana) a jednoho blíže neurčeného planého druhu lociky. Tyto genové zdroje byly rovněž využity v dalších morfologických a molekulárních studiích a také při studiu rezistence planých druhů locik vůči plísni salátové (Bremia lactucae). V poslední části jsou shrnuty dosavadní poznatky intenzivního výzkumu rodu Lactuca L. za posledních 25 let a rovněž jsou zde nastíněny směry budoucího výzkumu v této oblasti. Keywords: biogeografie, deskriptor, ekologie, genové banky, genové zdroje, Lactuca sativa, Lactuca serriola, locika kompasová, morfologie, nažka, rozšíření, salát, semeno, šlechtění Počet stran: 176 Počet příloh: 0 Jazyk: anglicky CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................9 2. AIMS OF THE PH.D. THESIS......................................................................................12 3. LITERATURE OVERVIEW.........................................................................................13 4. RESULTS .......................................................................................................................31 4.1. Development of Lactuca sativa descriptor ..................................................................32 4.1.1. Křístková, E., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Vinter, V., Novotná, A. (2008) Description of morphological characters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genetic resources. Hort. Sci. 38: 113-129..........................................................................................33 4.2. Morphological variability of Lactuca serriola achenes...............................................50 4.2.1. Novotná, A., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Kršková, M., Berka, T. (2011) Morphological variability of achenes of some European populations of Lactuca serriola L. Flora 206: 473-483 (DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2010.09.012). ..................................................51 4.2.2. Novotná, A., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., et al. (2011) Morphology of achenes of Lactuca serriola from Slovenia and Sweden. (in preparation)...............................................63 4.3. Morphological variability of Lactuca serriola leaves..................................................89 4.3.1. Lebeda, A., Doležalová, I., Křístková, E., Novotná, A. (2007) Comparative study of variation of some morphological characteristics of Lactuca serriola germplasm collected in Central Europe (Czech Republic) and the British Isles (England, U.K.). In: Bullitta, S. (Ed.): Plant Genetic Resources of Geographical and „other“ Islands (conservation, evaluation and use for plant breeding). Proceedings of the XVII Eucarpia Genetic Resources Section Meeting; 30 March – 2 April 2005, Castelsardo (Italy). CNR-ISPAAM sez. Sassari Publisher, Sassari, Italy, pp. 95-96 (Abstract). ISBN: 88- 901771-3-6...........................................................................................................................90 7 4.4. Distribution, ecogeography and ecobiology of germplasm
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County, Oklahoma
    Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 13, December 2013 A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE MARY K. OXLEY NATURE CENTER, TULSA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA Amy K. Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Robert Bebb Herbarium University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019-0575 (405) 325-4034 Email: [email protected] Keywords: flora, exotics, inventory ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. A total of 342 taxa from 75 families and 237 genera were collected from four main vegetation types. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the largest, with 49 and 42 taxa, respectively. Fifty-eight exotic taxa were found, representing 17% of the total flora. Twelve taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present. INTRODUCTION clayey sediment (USDA Soil Conservation Service 1977). Climate is Subtropical The objective of this study was to Humid, and summers are humid and warm inventory the vascular plants of the Mary K. with a mean July temperature of 27.5° C Oxley Nature Center (ONC) and to prepare (81.5° F). Winters are mild and short with a a list and voucher specimens for Oxley mean January temperature of 1.5° C personnel to use in education and outreach. (34.7° F) (Trewartha 1968). Mean annual Located within the 1,165.0 ha (2878 ac) precipitation is 106.5 cm (41.929 in), with Mohawk Park in northwestern Tulsa most occurring in the spring and fall County (ONC headquarters located at (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 146. Lapsana Communis L
    The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 146. Lapsana communis L. Ardath Francis1, Stephen J. Darbyshire1, David R. Clements2, and Antonio DiTommaso3 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Wm. Saunders Bldg. #49, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA 0C6 (e-mail: [email protected]); 2Biology Department, Trinity Western University, 7600 Glover Road, Langley, British Columbia, Canada V2Y 1Y1; and 3Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 903 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Received 17 August 2010, accepted 20 December 2010. Francis, A., Darbyshire, S. J., Clements, D. R. and DiTommaso, A. 2011. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 146. Lapsana communis L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 553Á569. Nipplewort, Lapsana communis, is an annual weed of the Asteraceae native to Europe and western Asia, first detected in northeastern and Pacific northwestern regions of North America in the 19th century. It appears to have been introduced as a contaminant of imported garden material and seeds, but may also have been deliberately introduced as a medicinal herb. After a century of remaining close to its original points of introduction in gardens and ruderal habitats, it spread to neighbouring areas, and now occurs across southern Canada and in many areas of the United States. Possible reasons for this range expansion include forest clearance and changing crop management practices as was observed in Europe, where this plant has become an important weed in grain, forage and vegetable crops. In Ontario, L. communis has recently emerged as a weed in wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Resources Collections of Leafy Vegetables (Lettuce, Spinach, Chicory, Artichoke, Asparagus, Lamb's Lettuce, Rhubarb An
    Genet Resour Crop Evol (2012) 59:981–997 DOI 10.1007/s10722-011-9738-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Genetic resources collections of leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, chicory, artichoke, asparagus, lamb’s lettuce, rhubarb and rocket salad): composition and gaps R. van Treuren • P. Coquin • U. Lohwasser Received: 11 January 2011 / Accepted: 21 July 2011 / Published online: 7 August 2011 Ó The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Lettuce, spinach and chicory are gener- nl/cgn/pgr/LVintro/. Based on a literature study, an ally considered the main leafy vegetables, while a analysis of the gene pool structure of the crops was fourth group denoted by ‘minor leafy vegetables’ performed and an inventory was made of the distri- includes, amongst others, rocket salad, lamb’s lettuce, bution areas of the species involved. The results of asparagus, artichoke and rhubarb. Except in the case these surveys were related to the contents of the of lettuce, central crop databases of leafy vegetables newly established databases in order to identify the were lacking until recently. Here we report on the main collection gaps. Priorities are presented for update of the international Lactuca database and the future germplasm acquisition aimed at improving the development of three new central crop databases for coverage of the crop gene pools in ex situ collections. each of the other leafy vegetable crop groups. Requests for passport data of accessions available Keywords Chicory Á Crop database Á Germplasm to the user community were addressed to all known availability Á Lettuce Á Minor leafy vegetables Á European collection holders and to the main collec- Spinach tion holders located outside Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    National Strategy for the Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives of Spain María Luisa Rubio Teso, José M. Iriondo, Mauricio Parra & Elena Torres PGR Secure: Novel characterization of crop wild relative and landrace resources as a basis for improved crop breeding The research reported here was made possible with funding from the EU Seventh Framework Programme. PGR Secure is a collaborative project funded under the EU Seventh Framework Programme, THEME KBBE.2010.1.1-03, ‘Characterization of biodiversity resources for wild crop relatives to improve crops by breeding’, Grant Agreement no. 266394. The information published in this report reflects the views of PGR Secure partner, URJC. The European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Cristina Ronquillo Ferrero and Aarón Nebreda Trejo who collaborated in the process of data gathering and data analysis for the generation of this strategy. We are also grateful to Lori De Hond for her help with proof reading and linguistic assistance. Front Cover Picture: Lupinus angustifolius L., by Rubén Milla 2 Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 2 Prioritization of Crop Wild Relatives in Spain ................................................................ 6 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Methods .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Suitability of Root and Rhizome Anatomy for Taxonomic
    Scientia Pharmaceutica Article Suitability of Root and Rhizome Anatomy for Taxonomic Classification and Reconstruction of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Tribes Cardueae and Cichorieae (Asteraceae) Elisabeth Ginko 1,*, Christoph Dobeš 1,2,* and Johannes Saukel 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacobotany, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria 2 Department of Forest Genetics, Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, Vienna A-1131, Austria * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.G.); [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (J.S.); Tel.: +43-1-878-38-1265 (C.D.); +43-1-4277-55273 (J.S.) Academic Editor: Reinhard Länger Received: 18 August 2015; Accepted: 27 May 2016; Published: 27 May 2016 Abstract: The value of root and rhizome anatomy for the taxonomic characterisation of 59 species classified into 34 genera and 12 subtribes from the Asteraceae tribes Cardueae and Cichorieae was assessed. In addition, the evolutionary history of anatomical characters was reconstructed using a nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence-based phylogeny of the Cichorieae. Taxa were selected with a focus on pharmaceutically relevant species. A binary decision tree was constructed and discriminant function analyses were performed to extract taxonomically relevant anatomical characters and to infer the separability of infratribal taxa, respectively. The binary decision tree distinguished 33 species and two subspecies, but only five of the genera (sampled for at least two species) by a unique combination of hierarchically arranged characters. Accessions were discriminated—except for one sample worthy of discussion—according to their subtribal affiliation in the discriminant function analyses (DFA). However, constantly expressed subtribe-specific characters were almost missing and even in combination, did not discriminate the subtribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Assessment for Butternut Or White Walnut (Juglans Cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region
    Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region 2003 Jan Schultz Hiawatha National Forest Forest Plant Ecologist (906) 228-8491 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Juglans cinerea L. (butternut). This is an administrative review of existing information only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U. S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation of this document, then subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. 2 Table Of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVES.......................................................................7 BIOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION..............................8 Species Description and Life History..........................................................................................8 SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2014-2015 (22:3) (PDF)
    Contents NATIVE NOTES Page Fern workshop 1-2 Wavey-leaf basket Grass 3 Names Cacalia 4 Trip Report Sandstone Falls 5 Kate’s Mountain Clover* Trip Report Brush Creek Falls 6 Thank yous memorial 7 WEST VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER News of WVNPS 8 VOLUME 22:3 WINTER 2014-15 Events, Dues Form 9 Judy Dumke-Editor: [email protected] Phone 740-894-6859 Magnoliales 10 e e e visit us at www.wvnps.org e e e . Fern Workshop University of Charleston Charleston WV January 17 2015, bad weather date January 24 2015 If you have thought about ferns, looked at them, puzzled over them or just want to know more about them join the WVNPS in Charleston for a workshop led by Mark Watson of the University of Charleston. The session will start at 10 A.M. with a scheduled end point by 12:30 P.M. A board meeting will follow. The sessions will be held in the Clay Tower Building (CTB) room 513, which is the botany lab. If you have any pressed specimens to share, or to ask about, be sure to bring them with as much information as you have on the location and habitat. Even photographs of ferns might be of interest for the session. If you have a hand lens that you favor bring it along as well. DIRECTIONS From the North: Travel I-77 South or 1-79 South into Charleston. Follow the signs to I-64 West. Take Oakwood Road Exit 58A and follow the signs to Route 61 South (MacCorkle Ave.).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Current Weed Community in Wild Blueberry Fields and IPM Strategies for Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum Androsaemifolium)
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Winter 12-18-2020 Evaluating the Current Weed Community in Wild Blueberry Fields and IPM Strategies for Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) Anthony G. Ayers University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Botany Commons, Horticulture Commons, Plant Pathology Commons, and the Weed Science Commons Recommended Citation Ayers, Anthony G., "Evaluating the Current Weed Community in Wild Blueberry Fields and IPM Strategies for Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3321. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3321 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATING THE CURRENT WEED COMMUNITY IN WILD BLUEBERRY FIELDS AND IPM STRATEGIES FOR SPREADING DOGBANE (Apocynum androsaemifolium) By Anthony Ayers B.A. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 2012 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine December 2020 Advisory Committee: Lily Calderwood, Extension Wild Blueberry Specialist and Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Advisor Eric Gallandt, Professor of Weed Ecology Seanna Annis, Associate Professor of Mycology EVALUATING THE CURRENT WEED COMMUNITY IN WILD BLUEBERRY FIELDS AND IPM STRATEGIES FOR SPREADING DOGBANE (Apocynum androsaemifolium) By Anthony Ayers Thesis Advisor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactuca Ludoviciana − WESTERN WILD LETTUCE, LOUISIANA WILD LETTUCE [Asteraceae]
    Vascular Plants of Williamson County Lactuca ludoviciana − WESTERN WILD LETTUCE, LOUISIANA WILD LETTUCE [Asteraceae] Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Ridd., WESTERN WILD LETTUCE, LOUISIANA WILD LETTUCE. Biennial herb, in range scarcely spinescent, taprooted, rosetted, 1-stemmed at base, erect, with ascending flowering branches in canopy and developing downward, in range 120−230 cm tall; shoots with basal leaves and canopy leaves to about 3/4 of plant height, axes often blushed purple-red, leaves mostly present at flowering, in range essentially all coarsely pinnately lobed with deep, broad and rounded sinuses (often nearly to midrib) and broad lobes, to 310 mm long (lower cauline leaves), lobes alternate (basal leaves) or ± paired (cauline leaves), on large leaves terminal lobe ± deltate in outline, prickles somewhat noticeable or scabrous along midrib on lower surface of foliage and occasionally on blade margins; latex milky drying brown. Stems: cylindric, to 11 mm diameter, often purple- red (especially in full sun), internodes above midplant to 100 mm long, glabrous and somewhat glaucous; internodes hollow. Leaves: helically alternate, deeply pinnately lobed, petiolate (basal leaves and lower cauline leaves) and sessile and clasping (most cauline leaves and bracts) with toothed, rounded basal lobes, without stipules; petiole broadly channeled with narrow green wings to the lowest tooth on margin, to 105 mm long, indistinct from blade and wings usually inrolled to lower side, lower side having inconspicuous midridge often scabrous and with some nonglandular hairs, often glaucous; blade ± obovate to ovate (coarsely lobed) to various shapes in upper canopy, the largest 150−210 × 60−75 mm (above midblade), on petiolate leaves with several minor teeth near petiole, on sessile leaves basal portion of blade broadly winged, dentate on margins with or without hardened points at tips, lobes to 45 × 35 mm and never slender, pinnately veined with principal veins slightly sunken on upper surface and raised on lower surface, somewhat glaucous.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]