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9783631830925.Pdf Gewalt, Krieg und Geschlecht im Mittelalter Amalie Fößel (Hrsg.) Gewalt, Krieg und Geschlecht im Mittelalter Bibliogra�ische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogr ie; detaillierte bibliogr ische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abr bar. a� a� u� Gefördert durch die VolkswagenStiftung. ISBN 978-3-631-82687-4 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-83092-5 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-83093-2 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-83094-9 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b17348 Open Access: Dieses Werk ist lizensiert unter der Creative Commons Lizenz Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bear beitungen 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Den vollständigen Lizenztext inden Sie unter: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de � © Amalie Fößel, 2020 Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020 Peter Lang – Berlin · Bern · Bruxelles · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien Diese Publikation wurde begutachtet. www.peterlang.com Inhalt Amalie Fößel Zur Einführung: Gewalt, Krieg und Geschlecht im Mittelalter ...................... 9 Kriegerische Männlichkeiten Laury Sarti Militärische Wertvorstellungen und männliche Identität im merowingischen Gallien ....................................................................................... 29 Jitske Jasperse Loss and Triumph in the Rolandslied: Cultural Poetics of Space and Gender .................................................................. 47 Ingrid Schlegl Männlichkeitskonstrukte zwischen Heldentum und Kampfverweigerung in den Kreuzzugsnarrativen des 12. und frühen 13. Jahrhunderts .................................................................................................... 79 Bastian Walter-Bogedain Alle gegen ihn – er gegen alle. Das Ideal des kämpfenden Königs im Mittelalter ............................................................................................................... 99 Jörg Rogge Kämpfer und ihre Körper. Bemerkungen zur „kriegerischen Männlichkeit“ im späten Mittelalter ................................................................... 125 Zdeněk Beran Gender, Religion and Nobility in Hussite Bohemia .......................................... 139 Weiblichkeit in Zeiten von Krieg und Gewalt Christoph Mauntel Der Mut eines Mannes, das Herz eines Löwen. Geschlechtsspezifische Rollenbilder und Handlungsfelder bei der Ausübung von Gewalt im Mittelalter ............................................................................................................... 157 6 Inhalt Johanna Wittmann Queens as Military Leaders in the High Middle Ages ...................................... 183 Danielle E.A. Park Wax Kings and Apron Strings: William of Tyre’s Gendering of King Baldwin III and Queen Melisende and the 1152 Civil War ............................. 215 Sophia Menache Violence, War, and Gender in the Life of Isabella of France, Queen of England ................................................................................................................... 237 Jessika Nowak Mit sanfter Hand – Handlungsspielräume der Mailänder Herzogin Bianca Maria Visconti ........................................................................................... 261 Geschlechtertransgression und Rollentausch Martin Clauss ‚Crossdressing‘ als Kriegslist. Überlegungen zu Gender- Transgressionen in spätmittelalterlichen Kriegserzählungen ......................... 285 Mirjam Reitmayer Handlungsspielräume von Ehefrauen ‚gefangener‘ Männer im Spiegel spätmittelalterlicher Selbstzeugnisse .................................................................. 303 Geschlecht, Gewalt und Recht Gisela Drossbach Schutz vor Gewalt gegen Frauen und Männer in Papstbriefen des 12. Jahrhunderts .................................................................................................... 327 Dirk Jäckel Wie viele Schöne wurden Besitz […]. Sklavinnenkonkubinat und Gender im Kontext von ğihād und Kreuzzug .................................................... 343 Inhalt 7 Krieg, Minne und Emotionen Alexandra Gajewski Attack on the Castle of Love: Flower Power or “Traffic in Women”? An Allegorical Representation in Ivory Analysed from the Perspective of War and Gender .................................................................................................... 381 Judith Lange Zur Verschränkung von Krieg, Minne und weiblicher Herrschaft in Wolframs Parzival ................................................................................................. 415 Sonja Kerth in einem twalme er swebete. Konzeptionen von ‚Trauma‘ in der Literatur des Mittelalters ...................................................................................... 437 Geschlechterkonzepte in transkultureller Perspektive Nadeem E. Khan Männlichkeit und ehrbasierte Gewalt in arabischen Quellen zu den Kreuzzügen – Ehre als Handlungsmotiv oder polemisches Narrativ? ........... 469 Bea Lundt Misogynes Mittelalter? Gewalt und Geschlecht in transkultureller Perspektive. Das Beispiel der Sieben Weisen Meister ........................................ 495 Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren ......................................................... 533 Amalie Fößel Zur Einführung: Gewalt, Krieg und Geschlecht im Mittelalter Der vorliegende Sammelband geht aus einem Symposion hervor, das in Schloss Herrenhausen in Hannover im Juli 2016 stattgefunden hat. Hier diskutierte eine sich international und interdisziplinär zusammensetzende Gruppe von Histori- ker*innen, Literaturwissenschaftler*innen und Kunsthistoriker*innen das The- menfeld „Gewalt, Krieg und Geschlecht im Mittelalter“. Fragestellung und Zielsetzung Ausgangspunkt war die Feststellung, dass Geschlechterfragen für die Epoche des Mittelalters in der mittlerweile recht umfangreich gewordenen Literatur zu Kriegen und Kriegsführung, Kreuzzügen und Fehden, Militärtechniken und Kriegskonzepten noch kaum in den Blick genommen wurden. Mittelalterliches Kriegsgeschäft und Kriegsgeschehen erscheinen vielmehr als eindeutig geregelte und strukturierte Räume der Männer und wenig interessant für geschlechterspe- zifische Perspektiven. Mit dem Aufkommen einer zunächst komplementär angelegten Frauenge- schichte, die sich aufmachte, nach Frauen in der Geschichte zu suchen, wurden in den Quellen Kämpferinnen und Kriegerinnen sowie zahlreiche Landesherrinnen ausfindig gemacht, die zur Verteidigung ihrer Herrschaften kriegerische Aufga- ben erfüllten. Mit der Weiterentwicklung der Frauen- zu einer Geschlechterge- schichte veränderte sich die konzeptionelle Ausrichtung. Jetzt ging es darum, Interaktionsweisen und Differenzen der Geschlechter in den Möglichkeiten und Begrenzungen ihres Handelns zu untersuchen. Kontexte von Krieg und Gewalt blieben für die Epoche des Mittelalters weitgehend ausgeblendet. Im Unterschied dazu sind von der Frühneuzeitforschung einige Studien vor- gelegt worden, die zeigen, dass Militär und Krieg über lange Zeiträume hinweg keine Männerdomäne darstellten, sondern vielmehr als Orte der Geschlechter zu begreifen sind, an denen Geschlechterrollen ausgebildet und konforme wie auch abweichende Verhaltensweisen ausprobiert werden. Erst in der Zeit der Moderne und ihrer nationalstaatlichen Kriege ist das Militär zu einem männ- lichen Raum geworden, der durch die räumliche Trennung der Soldaten von Frauen und Kindern geprägt war. Das ging einher mit dem Aufkommen der 10 Amalie Fößel stehenden Heere seit dem ausgehenden 17. Jahrhundert und der Errichtung von Kasernen, die sich erst allmählich zu einem klar abgegrenzten Ort der Männer entwickelten. Das war in den Jahrhunderten zuvor nicht der Fall gewesen, in denen die Heere und Armeen mit Familien im Tross übers Land zogen.1 Begreift man vormodernes Kriegsgeschehen zudem als ein allgemeines und vielfach eingesetztes Mittel der Durchsetzung von Macht und Herrschaft und als eine Angelegenheit der grundherrlichen familia, ergeben sich weitere neue Pers- pektiven und Untersuchungsgegenstände. Es öffnen sich Räume des Kriegs und der Gewalt, in denen die Geschlechter zwangsläufig aufeinandertreffen und mit- einander in Interaktion treten, mithin Räume, in denen sich Sieger und Besiegte, Kombattanten und Nichtkombattanten, Täter und Opfer bewegen und Differen- zen und Gleichheiten ihres Handelns sichtbar werden. Zielsetzung des vorliegenden Bandes ist es, die inhaltliche Engführung des Themenfeldes ‚Gewalt und Krieg im Mittelalter‘ zu durchbrechen und die Quel- len mit Methoden und Lesarten einer modernen Geschlechtergeschichte neu zu erschließen. Das geschieht auf der Basis einer breiten und repräsentativen Auswahl unter- schiedlicher Quellengattungen im interdisziplinären und kulturübergreifenden Vergleich: Neben historiographischen und fiktionalen Texten werden rechts- geschichtliches und theologisches Schrifttum sowie Illustrationen und Kunst- gegenstände analysiert. Die Beiträge umfassen exemplarische Studien und Aufsätze mit kulturgeschichtlich vergleichendem Zugriff sowie methodisch weiterführende Analysen. Der Fokus liegt auf dem europäischen Raum vom 7. bis zum 16. Jahrhundert mit seinen vielen kleinen und größeren Fehden und Kriegszügen, den damit einhergehenden Phänomenen und in Gang gesetzten Debatten unter Einbeziehung von literarischen und bildlichen Bearbeitungen der Thematik. Über die Grenzen Europas hinaus setzen die Kreuzzugskontexte mit spezifischen Wahrnehmungen der Geschlechterbeziehungen durch christ- liche und arabische Autoren einen weiteren wichtigen Schwerpunkt. 1 Vgl.
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