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Portrait and Landscape Mode Convertible Stereoscopic Display Using Parallax Barrier

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Portrait and Landscape Mode Convertible Stereoscopic Display Using Parallax Barrier https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.5.SD&A-365 © 2017, Society for Imaging Science and Technology Portrait and landscape mode convertible stereoscopic display using parallax barrier Yusuke Minami, Goro Hamagishi, Kayo Yoshimoto, Hideya Takahashi Dept. of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University; Osaka, Osaka/Japan; [email protected] Abstract realized by designing the two kinds of switchable parallax barriers We propose a tablet type stereoscopic display. It features with the same specifications. The proposed system tracks the moire free and low crosstalk ratio. The proposed system consists of viewing position of an observer with the stereo camera. By only parallax barriers, a tablet type liquid crystal display (LCD) and controlling the stereoscopic image positions displayed on LCD stereo cameras. A tablet type display has two display modes, depending on the observer’s eyes position, the stereoscopic image portrait and landscape. It is necessary to realize same viewing can be observed in large viewing area. Therefore, complex control distance both portrait and landscape modes. Therefore, it is such as movable parallax barrier [3] is not necessary. difficult to observe high quality stereoscopic image by using tablet In this paper, we show the principle of a binocular type display. In proposed system, the same parallax barriers are stereoscopic display using a parallax barrier whose optimum used both portrait and landscape modes. Therefore, viewing viewing distances are equal in both portrait and landscape modes. distance of the system is constant regardless of whether the LCD is In section 2, we show the optimum parallax barrier design method, portrait or landscape. the controlling method of composite images by eye-tracking and the configuration of the proposed system. In section 3, we show We constructed the prototype system to verify the effectiveness the prototype system and its evaluation results. In section 4, we of the proposed system. We used 15.6 inch 4K display as an LCD discuss the conclusion. Some methods for removing moire [4] and for tablet. By realizing new stereoscopic image arrangement that expanding viewing area using head tracking [5][6] were reported was different from between in portrait and landscape modes, we but there were no paper describing to both portrait and landscape can see stereoscopic images with the slanted barriers with the modes. same specifications. We confirmed that viewing distance is constantly 207.375 mm and moire patterns are not generated on its image. Additionally, max crosstalk ratio is 6.56 % at portrait mode 2. Binocular Stereoscopic Display Using and 14.00 % at landscape mode. Parallax Barrier 2.1 Parallax Barrier Design Method for Moire Free and Low Crosstalk 1. Introduction In this section, we show the parallax barrier design method Recently, binocular stereoscopic displays have been used in that viewing distance is same in both portrait and landscape modes various fields such as healthcare, design and entertainment. But, with no moire and low crosstalk ratio. there are few cases that binocular stereoscopic method is used for a portable tablet display as a mobile phone. The tablet display has two display modes, portrait and landscape. Each arrangement of sub-pixels are different. Therefore, it is difficult to observe a stereoscopic image at the same optimum viewing distance in both display modes. In addition, it is necessary to show a glass-free stereoscopic image with no moire and low crosstalk ratio. We propose a binocular stereoscopic display system that the optimum viewing distance is same in both portrait and landscape display modes with no moire and low crosstalk ratio. In the proposed system, image quality does not deteriorate like a multi- view display [1]. There are some methods to display a stereoscopic image such as using glasses, a lenticular lens and so on [2]. Among them, a parallax barrier method is used in this research. We can observe the stereoscopic images with no glasses through the parallax barrier. By making the parallax barrier of liquid crystal display (LCD), it is possible to change two kinds of barriers depending on the two modes of portrait and landscape. The proposed system consists of a tablet LCD, switchable parallax barriers made of LCD and stereo cameras. Apertures of the parallax barrier have inclination to remove moire and improve Figure 1. Positional relationship between sub-pixels and a parallax barrier image quality in this research. Stereoscopic images can be inclination. θ is the inclined angle of the barrier aperture, a and b are the observed at the same viewing distance in both display modes. It is number of sub-pixels become a norm of θ. Hp and Vp are the sub-pixel pitch. IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2017 106 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXVIII LCD’s sub-pixels have the black matrix. If the barrier aperture is parallel to sub-pixels, the intensity of observed lights is uneven due to the positional relationship between the barrier aperture and the black matrix, therefore, moire occurs. In the proposed system, the barrier apertures have inclination to remove moire. The positional relationship between the sub-pixels and the barrier inclination is shown in Fig. 1, and the inclined angle of the barrier aperture θ is given by = ( × × ). (1) −1 ⁄ In Fig. 1, the pink dots are crossed by the line showing the barrier inclination angle. This expresses the minimum number of dots observed from the aperture of the parallax barrier at the same time. In order to realize Moire-free condition, Fig. 2 shows the minimum necessary viewing area through the barrier aperture depending on the inclination of the barrier. As shown in Fig. 2, the barrier apertures’ pitch should be set to , then, the area observed from the barrier aperture of b rows is equal to the area of one sub- pixel. Therefore, the effect of the black⁄ matrix can be ignored and the observers can observe the intensity of lights evenly regardless of the position of their eyes. This means that moire caused by the black matrix does not occur at any viewing position. If the barrier aperture pitch is equal to the integral multiple of the viewing area in Fig. 2, it is possible to design the moire-free parallax barrier. Figure 3. The positional relationship between an observer and the proposed system. E is the interocular distance, d is the optimum viewing distance, g is the gap distance between the parallax barrier and the LCD, Bp is the barrier pitch and k is the horizontal pitch of one set of stereoscopic images on LCD. In Eq. (2), the interocular distance E and the gap between the parallax barrier and the LCD g are constant. The k is the horizontal pitch of one set of stereoscopic images on LCD and k can be determined freely under the constraint condition that k is the even multiple of the sub-pixel pitch. Therefore, the optimum viewing distance (OVD) d can be determined freely, then the barrier pitch Bp is determined automatically because all the variables other than Bp are determined in Eq. (3). Figure 2. The example of the viewing area through the barrier aperture. If the barrier aperture pitch is equal to the integral multiple of the viewing area, the light from one sub-pixel is allocated in the vertical direction. 2(a) shows an example when the inclination is 3:4, and 2(b) shows an example when the inclination is 4:3. Next, we show the design method of the barrier pitch based on OVD. The positional relationship between an observer and the proposed system is shown in Fig. 3. Eqs. (2) and (3) are written by a similar relationship shown in Fig. 3. = 2 (2) ∶ ⁄ ∶ Figure 4. The example of the aperture pitch determining method. The barrier = ( + ) (3) apertures pitch is determined so that the minimum crosstalk ratio is 0 %. ∶ ∶ IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2017 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXVIII 107 Finally, the barrier aperture pitch is determined and is When the observer’s eye position is shifted in the horizontal designed based on Fig. 2. In this case, the inclination of the barrier direction from optimum viewing position, the reverse image is = = 1. The barrier aperture pitch is determined so that the appears from the barrier aperture. When the reverse image size in a minimum crosstalk ratio is 0 %. The example of the aperture pitch dot and the normal image size in a dot located at the aperture edge determining method shown in Fig. 4. The pitch of one set of have the same size, the image displayed in the dot is switched. stereoscopic images on the LCD is 12 Hp, and the left and right Then, the crosstalk ratio is maximum at the position of switching images are arranged every 6 Hp, then if the barrier apertures pitch the image. For example, the maximum crosstalk ratio becomes is 5 Hp, the minimum crosstalk ratio is 0 %. 2.5 % in Fig. 5. In this design, the crosstalk is reduced to 0 % with the high slanted barrier aperture ratio of 41.7 %. 2.3 Proposed System of Same OVD in Two Modes The configuration of the proposed system is shown in Fig. 6. 2.2 Eye Tracking System The viewing space of the binocular stereoscopic display is very narrow, so the viewing space is enlarged by eye tracking [7] in the proposed system. An observer’s eye position is measured by the stereo camera and the viewing space is enlarged by controlling the stereoscopic image position on the LCD depending on the observer’s eye position, controlling the stereoscopic image position by eye tracking is shown Fig.
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