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Sikhism (Engaging with Faith Communities)

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Sikhism (Engaging with Faith Communities) Engaging With Faith Communities Sikhism Introduction to Sikhism Sikhism was founded over 500 years ago and today has a following of over 20 million people worldwide. Sikhism preaches a message of devotion and remembrance of God at all times, truthful living, equality of humankind and social justice. Sikhism is open to all through the teachings of its ten Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book and Living Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib. The word 'Sikh' in the Punjabi language means 'disciple’. Sikhs are the disciples of God who follow the writings and teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus. The wisdom of these teachings in Sri Guru Granth Sahib are practical and universal in their appeal to all humankind. Sikhs worldwide Sikhism is the world's fifth largest religion, with more than 26 million followers worldwide. By far the majority of these live in the Panjab region of India. Most Sikhs, wherever they live, can speak Panjabi. The Panjab is also the site of Harmandir Sahib (the 'House of God') - the Golden Temple at Amritsar. This is the most important site in the Sikh world, with a long spiritual, political and military history, stretching as far back as the time of the Buddha. There are large Sikh populations in Canada, the US, UK, Malaysia and Singapore. Sikhs in Britain The first recorded Sikh settler in Britain was Dalip Singh, a young prince who came to England in exile in 1849 and settled in Thetford, Norfolk. The first gurdwara was established in 1911, in Putney. There are now more than 200 gurdwaras around the country. Sikh migration to Britain began in earnest in the 1950s when men from the Panjab filled British industry's need for unskilled labour. Sikhs who had fought for the British army in the World War II came from the Panjab after India became independent in 1948, followed later by thousands of Sikhs from East Africa. At the time of the 2001 Census, there were 336,179 Sikhs in Britain - just over 0.5% of the population. Sikhs in Leicester At the time of the 2011 census, the Sikh community in Leicester numbered 14,457 – 2661 more than in 2001.This represents 4.4% of the city’s population. Sikhism is the fourth largest faith community in Leicester and the percentage of Sikhs amongst the population has been constant since 1983. In 2002, the Queen's first official visit to a gurdwara in the UK was to the Guru Nanak Gurdwara, Holy Bones. The celebration of Vaisakhi is a major event in Leicester, when 20,000 Sikhs from across the UK take part in a colourful procession and the Guru Granth Sahib is carried in a procession between two of the city's gurdwaras. Key beliefs and practices Central to Sikhism is a belief in one God. God is described by Sikhs as Truth, Eternal and Creator. These beliefs are reflected in the Mool Mantar, an important part of the Guru Granth Sahib, which is regularly used in worship. All Sikhs are ordered to obey the Guru Granth Sahib as their Guru. Sikhs believe that most people misunderstand the Universe. There is a perception that it exists on its own, whereas Sikhs believe that it really exists because God wills it to exist, and is a portrait of God's own nature. Sikhs believe that God is inside every person, no matter how wicked they appear, and so everyone is capable of change. Sikhs believe in equality, which is essential for ethical decision-making. Sikhs show their belief in equality in many ways, for example, anyone can eat in the langar, the free kitchen provided after every service in the gurdwara. Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru, said that there is no difference between a temple and a mosque or between the prayers of a Hindu and those of a Muslim. The concept of service, sewa, is essential to Sikhs. They believe it causes God displeasure if people pay no attention to others and simply devote themselves to religion. Sikhism does not ask people to turn away from ordinary life in order to become closer to God. In fact it demands that ordinary life is used as a way to get closer to God. By devoting their lives to service Sikhs get rid of their own ego and pride. There are many different types of service: manual service, such as preparing and serving food in the langar, cleaning the shoes of the worshippers; charitable service, such as giving money or goods to charity; intellectual service, such as teaching children about Sikhism or showing adults around the gurdwara. Sikhs should take part in honest work. This is work that is needed for the good of both the family and the wider community. Work should not exploit others. This links with the idea of equality and the idea of generosity of possessions and time. The Gurdwara Gurdwara means ‘gateway to the Guru’ and is the place where the Guru Granth Sahib is housed and where Sikhs come together for congregational worship. It is the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib that gives the gurdwara its religious status, so any building containing the book is considered to be a gurdwara. The first gurdwara in the world was built by Guru Nanak in 1521-2 at Kartarpur. Although a gurdwara may be called the residence of the Guru (meaning the residence of God), Sikhs believe that God is present everywhere. The gurdwara is open to everyone, regardless of age, sex, caste, or creed. Men, women and children are treated as equal. The purpose of a gurdwara It is where spiritual wisdom is learnt and is a centre for promoting culture and health. It is where religious ceremonies and festivals take place. As well as sermons and the singing of the scriptures, the congregation is expected to participate in the ceremonies of birth, baptism, marriage and death. It is where children learn the Sikh faith, ethics, customs, traditions and texts. It is a community centre, and offers food, shelter, and companionship to those who need it. Inside the Gurdwara There are no idols, statues, candles, bells or religious pictures in a gurdwara, because Sikhs worship only God, who they regard as having no physical form. The focus of attention, and the only object of reverence in the main hall (or Darbar Sahib) is the book of Sikh scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib, which is treated with the respect that would be given to a human Guru. It is kept in a room of its own during the night and carried in procession to the main hall at the start of the day's worship. The book is placed on a raised platform, the takht or Manji Sahib, meaning ‘throne’, under a canopy called the palki, and covered with an expensive cloth when not being read. During a service a person waves a whisk or fan called a chauri over the Guru Granth Sahib. Although Sikhs show reverence to the Guru Granth Sahib, their reverence is to its spiritual content (shabad) not the book itself. The book is just the visible manifestation of the shabad. There are four doors into a gurdwara, known as the Door of Peace, the Door of Livelihood, the Door of Learning and the Door of Grace. These doors are a symbol that people from all four points of the compass are welcome, and that members of all four castes are equally welcome. There is always a light on in a gurdwara, to show that the Guru's Light is always visible and is accessible to everyone at any time. The free food kitchen, or Langar Every gurdwara has a langar attached to it where food is served to anyone without charge. The term langar is also used for the communal meal served in gurdwaras. The food served in the langar must be simple, so as to prevent wealthy congregations turning it into a feast that shows off their superiority. Although Sikhs are not required to be vegetarian, only vegetarian food is served in gurdwaras. This ensures that any visitor to the gurdwara, whatever the dietary restrictions of their faith, can eat there. The meal may include chapati, daal, vegetables and rice pudding. Fish and eggs are counted as meat and excluded. The Sikh flag Gurdwaras everywhere fly the Sikh flag, the Nishan Sahib outside. The flag is orange/yellow and has the Sikh emblem in the middle. This flag shows the Khanda (the 'coat of arms' of the Khalsa) in the middle of an orange background. It is a visual reminder of the unity of the Sikh community all over the world. Sikh names Sikhs usually use the names Singh and Kaur, either as their whole name or as part of their surname. Kaur means princess and is used by women. Singh means lion and is used by men. The first names which Sikhs use can all be used by either sex and often have religious meanings, for example,Jasbir, which means ‘glorious and brave’. The traditional naming ceremony involves the father and mother, together with the young baby, going to the gurdwara. They stand in front of the Guru Granth Sahib and a page is opened at random. The first letter of the first verse on the left-hand page is taken as the first letter of the baby's name. If, for example, it is the Panjabi equivalent to 'H', then the name Harmander might be chosen; if it is the Panjabi equivalent to 'P', then the name Parminder, and so on. The five Ks The founder of the Khalsa (brotherhood of Sikhs), Guru Gobind Singh, instructed its members to wear five special signs to show that they were Sikhs.
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