Calverley is a place of special character and historic interest. This draft appraisal and management plan sets out the features that contribute to its distinctiveness and identifies opportunities for its protection and enhancement. Calverley

CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL & MANAGEMENT PLAN

Adopted 9 April 2009

Overview

Summary of special interest Summary of issues

Calverley is an historic village lying Calverley retains a strong historic between and . It character and much of its historic street originated as an agricultural settlement pattern. However, the historic core of but was enlarged in the 19th century as the village is rather cut off from the a result of the growth of the woollen church and church house by the busy industry. Its attractive rural setting, A657. overlooking the Aire Valley but within easy reach of Bradford, led to its Two of the most important historic popularity as a residence for a number buildings in Calverley, 1 Church House of prominent Bradford industrialists in and Calverley Old Hall, are unoccupied the later 19th century. and consequently vulnerable to deliberate damage, theft of materials or Calverley Old Hall, listed Grade I, is a unnoticed decay. It is important that Medieval manor house and the former those responsible for the buildings seat of the Calverley family. It is maintain a regular inspection and currently in the ownership of the maintenance regime to prevent damage Landmark Trust but is partially to the buildings, and make efforts to 1 & 3 Church House, Town Gate. An unusual example of semi-detached unoccupied. bring them back into use. 18th century houses, listed grade II*, next to the Grade I listed church.

The historic field pattern survives to The historic buildings in Calverley are the north and east of the village and, largely in good repair. It is important along with the views over the Aire that historic architectural features are Valley, plays a significant role in the retained and appropriate materials are character of the conservation area. used in any repairs or alterations in order to preserve the character of the area.

While there is some survival of historic paving and walling in the public realm, many of the sandstone paving slabs are cracked and in poor condition. Historic paving and walling should be retained wherever possible and new sections of The site of a former workhouse on Non-Conformist chapels have been paving should be of appropriate Blackett Street is marked by this present in Calverley since the early materials. plaque. The site is now occupied 19th century. The present chapel

Vernacular cottages on West End by modern bed-sit housing. on Carr Road was built in 1872.

Road.

Extent of the Conservation Area

The Calverley conservation area was first designated in 1984. While it covered all of the historic core of the settlement and most of the significant late-19th and early-20th-century buildings, a small number of historic buildings were not included. In addition, neither the area of historic field pattern to the north of the village nor the remnants of the 1850s development in Calverley Wood were included.

Current guidance on conservation area designation suggests that conservation area boundaries should be clearly based on analysis of the historic character of the area. The revision to the boundary of the conservation area has followed the character areas defined in this appraisal.

Each of the four character areas set out in this report are of sufficiently high quality and historic significance to be included in the conservation area.

The former and revised boundary are shown on the map, right.

It is anticipated that this conservation area will be reviewed after 2013. Former (blue) and revised (red) conservation area boundary.

Location and context Sandstone General character and plan form Location and setting Millstone grit The early village of Calverley lay and lower coal Calverley is situated between Leeds and between the church and Calverley Old measures Bradford in rolling countryside Hall in an informal and irregular pattern overlooking the Aire valley. It is a of lanes and footpaths. Enlargement of medium-sized village supporting a the village in the late 19th century led range of local services including two to the development of a more regular schools, two churches and a post office. grid-like pattern of terraced streets, The Leeds and Liverpool Canal lies in mainly to the south and west of the the valley to the north of the village and original village core. A park together with the railway line between incorporating a cricket pitch and Bradford and Leeds formerly connected bowling green lies between the early the area with the wider region during village and the site of Clover Greaves the 19th and early 20th century. The Mill, which marked the western edge of A657 passes through the centre of the the village for over 100 years until the village. 1970s.

Geology map of Calverley.

Geology, topography and landscape setting

The geology underlying Calverley is a Calverley’s elevated position, lying at a complex pattern of carboniferous height of 150 metres (490 ft) in open sandstone and coal measures, overlain agricultural land is a key contributory by drifts of clay and other materials laid factor to the settlement’s character. down along the Aire valley. The Views north across the Aire Valley give Millstone Grit sandstone was exploited a sense of elevation and openness, both for the manufacture of grinding while Calverley Wood to the north acts stones and as a building material, and as a terminus to the village. Glimpsed the remains of quarrying activity can be views of Church on the north- seen in Calverley Wood. The coal east horizon and the chimneys of measures were also exploited by the Woodbottom Mill in the middle distance sinking of small drift mines, evidence of give a sense of depth to the landscape. which can be traced in the open land to The land rises a further 40 metres (130 the south of the village. ft) to a hilltop approximately 1km (1/2 mile) to the south-west of the village. Location of Calverley, between Leeds and Bradford.

The manor of Calverley was sold by the Historic development last Sir (also known as Sir Walter Blackett) in 1754 to the Origins and historic settlement Thornhill family. A survey (reproduced left) commissioned by the new owner, Calverley is of Anglo-Saxon origin, its Thomas Thornhill, gives a record of the name deriving from the Old English extent of the village at this time as well “calfra” and literally meaning ‘clearing as providing information about the used for calves’. The historic core of the surrounding agricultural land. It is clear village probably originated in the early from field names that there were 7th century, close to where the church extensive apple orchards around the now stands, on the edge of Calverley village in the 1750s. The Thornhill Wood. Although the present church Estate still owns large parts of Calverley dates from about 1150, there is township. evidence to suggest that a pre-Norman building once stood on the site: several In 1756 a workhouse was built in the 10th-14th century cross slab grave village by Sir Walter Blackett. Formerly covers have been found inside the named Sir Walter Calverley, he had church, along with a few early (possibly changed his surname as a condition of Anglo-Saxon) stones embedded in the the inheritance of his uncle’s estates in chancel arch. The fact that the church is Northumberland shortly before selling dedicated to St Wilfrid, an Anglo-Saxon Calverley to the Thornhills. Sir Walter saint, is also indicative of an early was a prominent parliamentarian and origin. also endowed a hospital in Newcastle. All that remains of the Calverley A late Neolithic cup-marked rock in Survey of the Manor of Calverley for Thomas Thornhill, circa 1755. workhouse is a commemorative plaque Calverley Wood indicates that this area at its site. may have held special significance in prehistoric times. There is also a possible prehistoric burial to the west Calverley is mentioned in the Domesday Apart from the church, the oldest side of St Wilfrid’s Church that suggest Survey of 1086, but the entry does not building in the village is Calverley Old a Bronze Age presence in the area. mention a hall or a church, although Hall, parts of which date from the 14th both probably existed at the time. The century. A timber-framed solar wing, Further evidence for Anglo-Saxon present St Wilfrid’s church was lying between the hall and chapel, is the occupation of the area includes the presented as a gift to the Archbishop of earliest surviving part of the building. It possible site, situated to the north of York in 1150; the south nave wall dates was encased in stone circa 1485 when Carr Road, of an Anglo-Saxon hall from this period, but much of the rest of the existing hall was built to replace an known as Arknell. A field named “Old the fabric dates from the 14th century earlier one and the chapel built to the Hall” on a map of the 1760s may and is Decorated in style. The upper west of the solar. The Hall fell out of indicate its former location. stage of the tower was added in the use as a manor house at the end of the 15th century. The church was 17th Century and was later sub- Late Medieval window in Calverley extensively restored in the 19th century. divided into cottages. Old Hall, Woodhall Road.

and related buildings can pass Historic development unnoticed. 1-15 Rushton Street, now a row of cottages, was formerly a store The woollen trade in Calverley for woollen waste. The surviving first- floor taking-in door and non-domestic Calverley was associated with the fenestration pattern provides clues to its woollen trade for many centuries. former use. Records indicate it was a local centre for the fulling of woollen cloth in the Other buildings integrated domestic 13th century, and in the 19th century accommodation with workspace for increased mechanisation of the cloth- weaving. While integrated making process led to the development accommodation of this type was of steam-powered mills. widespread in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it had declined in Sizeable mills for scribbling and fulling popularity in most area by the mid-19th built by companies of investors were century as cloth production processes known as company mills. Small-scale were increasingly concentrated in mills. weavers would take wool to the However, Calverley seems to have company mills for scribbling and continued the practice of mixed spinning, weave the wool into cloth at accommodation into the late 19th their own premises and return to the century, with terraces of good-quality company mills to full the finished cloth. houses incorporating gable taking-in Although power loom weaving was doors and sufficient light and space for introduced in Holly Park Mill in the weaving to take place on the first floor. 1860s, hand-loom weaving persisted The surviving architectural features are Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 1850 until the 1960s for specialist production a reminder of Calverley’s industrial past. of high-quality woollen cloth know as the “Calverley Trade”.

While the larger mills such as Holly Park are easily recognisable, the surviving remains of smaller mills, weaving sheds

Ravenscliffe Mill, another large late-19th-century woollen mill, Rushton Street. Former woollen which has been converted to light waste store, with taking-in door 15-16 Chapel Street. The blocked industrial use. The survival of the to first-floor visible in gable end. first floor doorway indicates that Lydgate Mills, aerial view. The mill buildings makes a this building provided living mill was demolished in the 1970s considerable contribution to the accommodation downstairs and and housing built in its place. character of the area. working space upstairs.

Historic development

19th century

With the 19th-century expansion of the region’s manufacturing industries, Calverley’s situation within reach of the centre of Bradford made it a popular place for wealthy Bradford industrialists to live. Fred Foster, Lord Mayor of Bradford, lived for a time in Ferncliffe House, while the great industrialist and innovator Samuel Cunliffe Lister was born at Calverley House Farm. Elmwood and Brookleigh were also occupied by prominent families.

In an effort to capitalise on this trend, in the 1850s the Thornhill Estate devised a plan to lay out portions of land in Calverley Wood to be developed as a select housing development for wealthy industrialists. Expressions of interest were received and the roads were laid out, but just two plots were sold and developed before the scheme was abandoned. However, the scheme had a considerable impact on the appearance of the village, as stone quarried during the creation of Calverley Cutting was used in the construction of most of Calverley’s late 19th century terraces. Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition 1894. The rapid expansion of the village between 1851 and 1894 is clear when this map is compared with the previous one. Capel Street, Clarke Street and the lower part of A chalybeate well to the south of the Thornhill Street have been developed, as well as several rows of workers’ housing close to Clover Greaves village enjoyed a brief spell of Mill. Ravenscliffe Mill has come into existence and Clover Greaves Mill expanded and re-built since the 1851 popularity in 1837, attracting visitors to survey. The chapel on Carr Road has been built and the recreation ground has come into existence but its Calverley to take the waters. paths have not yet been laid out. Calverley Cutting, Clara Drive and Eleanor Drive can be seen cutting Unfortunately, the death of one person through Calverley Wood but Ferncliffe House and two pairs of semi-detached villas in the north part of the after “drinking too copiously of the wood are the only results of the Thornhill’s plan for a large and splendid development. The line of the waters” put a rapid end to the well’s earlier packhorse route running due north from Clover Greaves Mill is still visible. popularity.

Historic development

19th and 20th century

Non-Conformist chapels were a significant feature of life in Calverley. The first Methodist chapel was built in 1832 on Clarke Street, followed in 1837 by the Primitive Methodist Church on West End Road. This was replaced by a larger building on Chapel Street in 1872, which became Calverley’s sole united Methodist Church in 1943.

Calverley Mechanics Institute was built in 1874. It played an important role in the community from its inception, housing a library and education rooms as well as being the home of the local amateur dramatics society. Technical courses on weaving were run by the Institute in the late 19th century, with students coming from as far as Bradford to “see how it was done”.

Samuel Margerison was a prominent local historian who was connected to two significant historic buildings in Calverley. He restored Lodge Farm and around 1900 commissioned the building of Grey Gables, an accomplished Arts- and-Crafts house with beautiful detailing and very high-quality Ordnance Survey 4th Edition 1938. materials. It was said that the cheapest of Thornton Force. The garden was troops for the D Day landings. The brick employees and injury to a further two. piece of timber used in the construction sufficiently celebrated for Margerison to bases of the temporary buildings are The explosion was caused by rockets of the house was solid pitch-pine, with be commissioned to design the Botanic still visible among the trees. In the being tested, using a spark-prone metal the majority of the timber being oak Garden in Lister Park in Bradford. 1950s some redundant buildings close drill bit, in the same room as other and other hardwoods. Margerison also to the camp were converted for use as rockets were being manufactured and designed an extensive “Alpine” garden In the later stages of World War II a a fireworks factory. The factory was stored. The factory was closed down to complement the house, including the military training camp was constructed poorly managed and on 19 June 1957 after an investigation into the incident. construction of an accurate scale model in Calverley Woods and used to train an explosion caused the deaths of three

View out of conservation area CharacterKey views and Analysis vistas Significant views within View within conservation area and out of the SpatialSettlement Analysis form conservation area are shown on the map Built landmark (right). Long views over Green landmark The historic core of Calverley is of the Aire Valley to the informal plan form and is not centred east and west give a around any obvious landmark. The sense of elevation and church and medieval hall do not act as of the rural setting of focal points in the settlement. Instead, the village. The spire of the junction of Blackett Street, West Horsforth Church on the End Road and Thorrnhill Street acts as north-east horizon is a the focal point of the village, while significant landmark and surrounding lanes meander towards it emphasises the from the outer portions of the village. openness of the surrounding landscape. There is a marked change in settlement Views immediately to form between the historic core and the the north of the village 19th century extension of the village. are terminated by The latter is characterised by a regular, Calverley Wood, which linear form, with streets lined with provides a more terraced houses, each block of houses intimate element to the sharing a unified design. rural views. Enclosed views along the drives Activity and grain in Calverley Wood area The historic core of Calverley has a fine- also significant. grained built environment, consisting of small, low-rise buildings of vernacular Within the village, views proportions. The late-19th-century around Victoria Park expansion has a regular, open grain contribute to the formed of long terraced streets character of the area, as articulated by breaks every 4-10 do views towards the Key views and landmarks influencing the conservation area. houses. The built environment is highly church and 1-3 Town permeable, with numerous ginnels and Gate. Views along the narrow, curving while St Wilfrid’s Church and 1-3 Town a significant landmark to the south- back lanes available for pedestrian lanes in the historic core of the Gate emphasise the northern edge of west. traffic. Activity levels are generally low, settlement are also highly significant. the village. The graveyards and the as is to be expected of a rural village, green at the eastern end of Carr Road with Thornhill Street the main focus of Landmarks Key landmarks in the conservation area create a sense of arrival in this area. activity, but the houses offer passive The Mechanics Institute is a key surveillance over the street and create a are shown on the map (above). The two lodges at the southern end of Town landmark in the core of the village, sense of safety and enclosure. while the chimney of Holly Park Mills is Gate act as an entrance to Calverley,

Streetscape and public realm Character Analysis The historic core of the village is laid Built environment out in an informal manner. Narrow meandering streets create visual Architectural characteristics interest with the continual unfolding of Calverley exhibits architectural enclosed progressive views. The areas characteristics typical of a West of 19th century extension are laid out in village. Buildings are a more formal pattern, but the scale of predominantly domestic in function, two the streetscape remains domestic and or occasionally three storeys in height, there is a high level of visual interest. with full-height gables and roof pitches o o between about 35 -45 . Regular The public realm in the village is of fenestration patterns give a clear sense lower quality than the built of unity to terraced facades. Chimneys environment. There is some survival of are a prominent feature on almost all stone paving but it is generally in poor domestic properties. Blocked first-floor condition. Tarmac is the predominant doorways are a significant feature on paving material. Areas of public space many buildings in the settlement. such as the north end of Town Gate and Town Wells suffer from poor layout Materials Vernacular cottages on the Wicket, dating from before and lack of planned design. As a result The predominant building material in 1755 of the busy nature of the A657 some Calverley is gritstone, the vast majority road signs are backed by high-visibility of which was locally quarried. Fairly yellow boards, which do not sit easily in large, regular blocks are the norm, a conservation area and detract from evenly coursed and pointed in a pale the quality of the public realm. lime mortar. Window lintels and sills are predominantly of monolithic gritstone, Greenscape as are window mullions. The retention Calverley is surrounded by open of surviving stone mullions is to be agricultural land which forms an encouraged, as they are an important essential part of the conservation area’s contributor to the character of the greenscape. Calverley Wood is an village. Roofs of early buildings are Ancient Woodland and is another key generally covered with stone “slates”, element of the greenscape of the area. while later buildings use dark Welsh slate. Clay roof tiles are never used, and Victoria Park is an important area of synthetic roofing materials are not in formal green space within the keeping with the conservation area. settlement. The main entrance, off Carr Road, is dominated by the War Memorial and an area of formal planting, while an avenue of trees Woollen weavers’ dwellings close to Clover Greaves Mill. delineates the east side of the park.

Character Areas Character Analysis Calverley conservation area is not a Positive buildings uniform area. Different parts of the village were developed at different The buildings coloured green on the periods in history and contain different map (right) make a positive contribution types of buildings and spaces. The to the character of the conservation conservation area can therefore be area. This contribution may be in one divided into sub-areas known as or more of the following ways: character areas.

• Landmark buildings Each area has a different character and • Buildings which provide evidence of distinct built forms, generated by the the area’s history and development period of its development and the • Buildings of architectural merit function of the buildings and spaces. A shared palette of construction materials • Buildings with local historical and landscape unifies all the character associations areas within the conservation area. • Buildings which exemplify local vernacular styles • Groups of buildings which together make a positive contribution to the streetscape

There should be a presumption in favour of their retention in all but Positive buildings shaded in green exceptional circumstances.

Former lodge to Brookleigh, 30 24 Shell Lane, one of three late Coach house and stable, 28 Town Calverley Mechanics Institute, Town Gate. 19th century villas built on the Gate. built 1873. southern edge of Calverley.

Character Analysis

Character area 1—historic core

This area encompasses the historic core of Calverley. Its boundary approximates to the extent of the village in 1850 and generally follows roads and lanes which can be traced on early maps. West End Road, with an informal arrangement of Key characteristics: vernacular stone houses characteristic of the historic core. • Informal arrangement of buildings and narrow lanes • Sense of enclosure and intimate scale of surroundings • Fine-grained built form • Variety in size and status of buildings • Coursed gritstone and stone roof slate the predominant building materials

Key ways to retain character:

• Use of gritstone as predominant Ginnels provide permeability walling material and have been a feature of the village for centuries. • Retention of vernacular built form • Retention of stone slate roofs and chimneys • Retention of informal layout of buildings and streets Character Area 1 shaded in green. • Retention and reinforcement of fine grain of built form

The palette of vernacular materials in the historic core is a key element of character.

Character Analysis

Character area 2— late 19th-century expansion

This area encompasses the late 19th century extension to the village. It is associated with the growing significance of the woollen industry in the village.

Key characteristics: Woodland View, an example of three-storey housing associated • Terraced buildings constructed of with the woollen industry. coursed gritstone with slate roofs Although this type of housing had • Two- or three-storey in height died out in most areas by the late 19th century, specialist weavers • Grid-like street pattern with regular Character Area 2 shaded in blue. arrangement of buildings in relation of “fancy-work” continued to to the street work at home rather than in factories. The two-storey house • Front gardens enclosed by low stone at the end of the terrace also had walls storage or working space on the • Blocked taking-in doors first floor. The third floor of the terrace would have been used as a loom-shop. Key ways to retain character:

• Retention of visible evidence for taking-in doors and historic window openings 1-15 Woodhall Road, built in the • Retention of front gardens with late 19th century. Number 15 is 9-15 Capel Street, constructed gritstone garden walls larger than the others in the row around the turn of the 20th and had a taking-in door in the • Retention of stone or slate roofs and century. The decorative hood gable. The first floor was formerly chimneys moulds over the front doors and used for weaving, while the • Retention of window proportions, imposing window mullions ground floor provided living including retaining stone mullions in contribute to the character of the accommodation. situ where they survive. street. The survival of the original horned sash windows also • Retention of buildings related to the Ravenscliffe Mill, a surviving enhances the buildings. woollen trade. example of a large late-19th- century woollen mill.

Character Analysis

Character area 3—historic field pattern

This area lies to the north of Carr Road. The field pattern is distinctive and virtually unaltered from that recorded in 1755. Old Hall field lies near the centre of this area, containing slight earthworks which may indicate the site of Saxon or Medieval buildings. The Allotments in the field marked as survival of the historic field pattern “Lampits Land” on the Thornhill makes a considerable contribution to survey of 1755. the character of the village.

Key characteristics:

• Small, irregularly-shaped fields, several long and narrow with slightly curved boundaries, indicating their origin as cultivation strips Character Area 3 shaded in yellow. • Field boundaries marked by mature hedgerow plants • Indicative of village origins as agricultural settlement Carr Farm is also shown on the 1755 survey. It dates mainly from Key ways to retain character: the 17th century but may have earlier origins. The style of the blocked stone doorway between • Retention of area as open space in the house and the byre indicates agricultural or horticultural use an early 17th century date. • Retention and renewal of hedgerows However, its position, separating • Awareness of potential for significant the house from the byre, suggests archaeological finds that the building may have originated as a longhouse, a form Fields north of Carr Road with The trough embedded in of building common in the long views over the river valley the field wall half-way up Medieval period. The large cart towards . Carr Road is largely entrance in the lower end is a later overlooked but is an alteration. important historic feature.

Character Analysis

Character area 4—Calverley Woods

This area lies to the north of Character Area 3. Calverley Wood is a designated ancient woodland through which a select housing development was laid out in the 1850s. Although just three houses were built in this period, the tree-lined drives which were cut through the wood have shaped the character of later development.

The surviving remains of a World War II training camp in Calverley Wood are of historic significance. There is potential for further prehistoric archaeological finds in the area, following the discovery of a Neolithic cup-marked rock.

Key characteristics: Character Area 4 shaded in red-brown. • Mature woodland environment Thornhill Lodge, known locally as the Needle’s Eye, was one of four • Large houses set well back from lodges built to mark the drives, set within spacious grounds entrances to the planned housing • Formal tree-lined drives development of the 1850s. It lay at the north end of Calverley Cutting but was demolished in Key ways to retain character: the 1960s. It was inhabited until shortly before its demolition. • Retention of all existing areas of woodland • Retention of large garden plots • Awareness of potential for significant The west lodge guarding the archaeological finds entrance to Clara Drive from Carr Road. Mature trees line the avenues through Calverley Wood.

Sensitive new development in the Protect surviving historic Tree management Management Plan conservation area architectural forms Conservation area designation affords To be successful, any future As a result of the limited listed building some degree of protection to mature Opportunities for development within the conservation coverage in the settlement, there has trees. Calverley Wood is designated as area needs to be mindful of the local been incremental loss of traditional an ancient woodland and is protected management and character of the village, while at the architectural detailing in the by a tree preservation order, as are the enhancement same time being distinctly of the 21st conservation area. Replacement of trees edging Calverley Cutting and Clara century and addressing contemporary windows, doors and roofing materials Drive. Calverley is an attractive and thriving issues such as sustainability. with inappropriate materials and village. However, there are a number of designs is a negative feature that The avenues of mature trees features and issues which currently Successful new development in historic affects individual buildings and the surrounding Victoria Park make a great detract from its special character. areas should: wider streetscape. This cumulative contribution to the character of the Addressing these issues offers the • Relate well to the geography and change is particularly noticeable in conservation area. opportunity to enhance the history of the place and the lie of the vernacular buildings and in some conservation area. Positive land terraced rows where the original Action: conservation management will ensure • Sit happily in the pattern of existing uniformity has been weakened. In order to retain the character of Retention of stone window mullions is existing avenues of trees, any the ongoing protection of the village’s development and routes through and particularly important in retaining the mature trees lost to age, damage special character. around it historic character of the area. or disease should be replaced to • Respect important views retain the completeness of the • Respect the scale of neighbouring Action: avenues. Opportunities should be buildings Surviving historic features should taken to plant new trees when • Respect historic boundary walls and be retained and where necessary possible. retain historic garden plots sympathetically repaired. • Use materials and building methods which are as high in quality as those used in existing buildings • Create new views and juxtapositions which add to the variety and texture of their setting.

Action: New development must respond sensitively and creatively to the historic environment.

The retention of original sash

windows enhances the character The tree-lined Chapel Street of these houses. boundary of Victoria Park.

Calverley Cutting Public realm on Victoria Street Public realm on Town Gate Examples of Calverley Cutting is a popular Despite the generally high quality of The corner of Town Gate adjacent to St opportunities for destination for walks, both for residents Calverley’s built environment, the corner Wilfrid’s Church and 1-3 Town Gate is enhancement of the of Calverley and for others. The of Victoria Street and Thornhill Street an important area of public space in the network of paths around the Cutting suffers from considerable degradation. village. It provides the setting for three conservation area connects elements of the historic Loss of the boundary wall to the rear of important buildings and offers key views environment including the failed 1850s 100 Thornhill Street has created an area of the conservation area. The area in Protect archaeological remains development, the World War II military of dead space which is neither private front of 1-3 Town Gate is not laid out in camp and prehistoric archaeological nor public. The low quality of surfacing a manner which enhances the setting of Calverley has been inhabited for over features, as well as facilitating materials and the lack of delineation these important buildings, and its 1000 years and buried evidence of enjoyment of the ancient woodland between public and private space, as informal use as a parking place past occupation is likely to survive. itself. There is currently no on-site well as the setting of the bus stop, discourages pedestrians. A scheme to Development which may disturb interpretation of the historic isolated at the front of the pavement, re-consider the public realm to enhance archaeological remains may require a environment and there may be further detracts from the character of the setting of the historic buildings and watching brief to ensure the opportunities to enhance some areas the area. make the area more pedestrian-friendly preservation of archaeological finds. such as the Carr Road entrance to the could considerably enhance the Cutting. conservation area. Action: Development which involves Action: Action: Action: below-ground excavation must Support local community groups in As opportunity arises, develop an As opportunity arises, develop an have regard to the potential for enhancing understanding and enhancement scheme for the east enhancement scheme for the archaeological finds. enjoyment of the historic end of Victoria Street. corner of Town Gate. environment of Calverley Cutting.

Evidence for past occupation of The Carr Road entrance to The lack of delineation between Areas of the public realm suffer Calverley is to be found Calverley Cutting presents public and private space creates a from poor planning and car- throughout the village. opportunities for enhancement. “dead” area around the bus stop. dominated layout.

Paving and surfacing Inappropriate infill development Development affecting the setting Examples of of the conservation area The surviving stone paving in Calverley A number of buildings in the opportunities for is in poor condition, with many conservation area lie in sizeable It is important that development around enhancement of the footways containing cracked flagstones, gardens. Inappropriate infill the conservation area does not harm its largely caused by vehicles mounting the development would harm the character setting. Any development in or around conservation area kerbs. The retention of existing stone of the conservation area by altering the Calverley which affects the setting of paving flags, setts and kerbstones is relationship between existing buildings the conservation area should have Street lighting important in maintaining the historic and the spaces around them. regard to views into and out of the character of the settlement. Intensification of development which conservation area, the setting of The street lights in Calverley are due disrupts the character of the positive buildings and the character of to be replaced in 2011. New lighting Opportunities should be taken as they conservation area should be resisted. the landscape. Appropriate design and columns should respect the eaves arise to enhance areas of stone paving The scale, massing and proportion of materials should be used in heights of adjacent buildings and which are in poor repair and to improve buildings as well as the spaces between development adjacent to the should be placed to the rear of the the junction between stone and modern them are important in retaining the conservation area. footway to reduce street clutter. Tall paving. character of the conservation area. lighting columns should be avoided. Action: Action: Action: Action: The impact of development on the The forthcoming street lighting Retain and enhance historic paving Any development proposing the character and appearance of the plan should respect the historic in the conservation area. infill of a site, or the subdivision of conservation area should be streetscape and proportions of a plot, should respond the scale, considered. This applies equally to buildings. massing, layout and distribution of development outside the positive structures within the conservation area if it is likely to conservation area. affect the setting of the conservation area.

Stone flags broken by vehicles mounting the kerb illegally. Where possible damaged stone flags will New lamp post materials New buildings in the conservation The open landscape and long be repaired or replaced with should be more appropriate for area should respond to the views contribute to the character materials of similar quality and the conservation area. context of the site. of the conservation area. appearance. Key map of the conservation area

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References Acknowledgements • Archaeological There are a wide range of national Advisory Service, Newstead Road, societies devoted to the study and Publications: • The preparation of this report WF1 2DE Tel conservation of historic buildings. Many was made possible through 01924 306810 email: of these national bodies have regional West Yorkshire 1750-1920 • Caffyn, L. Workers Housing in funding by the Outer West Local [email protected] website: groups in Yorkshire. Area Committee of Leeds City www.arch.wyjs.org.uk 1986 Council • Society for the Protection of • Calverley Urban District Council • Ian Sanderson and Jason Dodds In addition, much information is Ancient Buildings (SPAB) Calverley London [date unknown] of West Yorkshire Archaeological available on other websites: www.spab.org.uk . A good source of practical information about • Giles,Yorkshire C. Rural 1400-1830 Houses of West Advisory Service provided www.heritagegateway.org.uk • looking after buildings of all London archaeological information and includes all listed building periods. 1986 advice. descriptions and some photos • Ancient Monuments Society • HMSO Report into fatal accident www.leodis.net has archive • www.ams.org.uk . Devoted to the at Guy’s Fireworks 1957. Childhood How to find out more about local photos of the Leeds district study and conservation of ancient • Harrision, J.A. A West Riding history • www.old-maps.co.uk has early monuments, historic building and Guisley 1968 Yorkshire Ordnance Survey maps. fine old craftsmanship, with a • Pevsner,N. West Riding of If you are interested in local history, the particular interest in church Old Picture Postcards London 1974 Civic Society has published a buildings. • Pudsey Civic Society Calverley in number of books about Calverley’s How to find out more about • Georgian Group Leeds 2005 history. They manage a local history historic buildings www.georgiangroup.org.uk

• Round a Yorkshire Alpine Garden archive and are available every Friday Interested in the study and Leeds Central Library has a large Extract from Yorkshire Daily between 10am and 12noon in Pudsey conservation of 18th- and early architecture collection which includes Observer, June 4, 1904. library to assist anyone interested in 19th-century buildings. books on historic buildings. A useful researching local or family history. Victorian Society general book on understanding historic • Copyright houses is How Old is Your House? By www.victoriansociety.org.uk A wide range of original documents, Pamela Cunnington (most recent Interested in the appreciation and Maps based on Ordnance Survey public records and books can also be publication 2002). Shire Books also conservation of 19th and early material are reproduced with the found in the following locations: publish a range of excellent short books 20th century buildings of all permission of the Ordnance Survey on • Central Library (Local & Family on historic buildings. types. behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s History Section), The Headrow, • 20th Century Society Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Leeds LS1. Tel 0113 247 8290 www.c20century.org.uk Active in Unauthorised reproduction infringes email: [email protected] promoting appreciation and Crown copyright and may lead to website: www.leeds.gov.uk/ protection of 20th century prosecution and/or civil proceedings. library architecture. The map data, derived from Ordnance • West Yorkshire Archive Service, Survey mapping, included within this Chapeltown Road, Sheepscar, Adult education courses on historic publication is provided by Leeds City Leeds LS73AP. buildings and/ or local history are Council under licence from Ordnance Tel-0113 214 5814 email: sometimes run in Leeds or Bradford — Survey. Leeds City Council Licence No. [email protected] website: check with your local provider for (100019567 2008). www.archives.wyjs.org.uk current information.

Finding Out More • Generally, higher standards of should not be taken to imply that it is of Community involvement and design apply for new buildings and no interest. adoption alterations to existing ones. special architectural or historic interest This draft appraisal went through a

Whatthe character is a conservation or appearance area? of which it public consultation process. A six week Change is inevitable in most Planning policy context period of public consultation included: is desirable to preserve or enhance A conservation area is ‘an area of conservation areas and it is not the intention of the designation to prevent This appraisal should be read in • An exhibition at the local library, the continued evolution of places. The conjunction with the wider national, with access to a paper copy of the ’. challenge within conservation areas is regional and local planning policy and appraisal Section 69 of the Planning (Listed Buidlings to manage change in a way that guidance. Relevant documents include: and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. maintains, reinforces and enhances the • Planning (Listed Buildings and • A public drop-in meeting to discuss special qualities of the area. Conservation Areas) Act 1990 the proposed changes What does conservation area • Planning Policy Guidance 15: • The appraisal was made available status mean? Planning and the Historic through the Council’s website Conservation area status provides the What is the purpose of this Environment • Leaflets were delivered to all homes opportunity to promote the protection appraisal? • Planning Policy Guidance 16: affected by the proposed change to and enhancement of the special This appraisal provides the basis for Archaeology and Planning the conservation area boundary. character of the defined area. making informed, sustainable decisions • The Yorkshire and Humber Plan (The Designation confers a general control The consultation responses were in the positive management, protection Regional Spatial Strategy) May 2008, over development that could damage evaluated and the appraisal amended in and enhancement of the conservation particularly Policy ENV9 Historic the area’s character. The details are light of comments received. This area. Environment complex but can be summarised as: document was approved by Leeds City It provides a clear understanding of the • Leeds City Council, Unitary • Most demolition requires permission Council in April 2009. Once adopted, the special interest of Calverley by: Development Plan Review 2006, and will be resisted if the building appraisal is a material consideration • accessing how the settlement has particularly Chapter 5 Environment makes a positive contribution to the when applications for change within the developed and Appendices A3 Building Design, area. conservation area or its setting are • analysing its present day character Conservation and Landscape Design considered by the Council. • Some minor works to houses is no and and A4 Archaeological Policies longer "permitted development" and • identifying opportunities for • Leeds City Council, Local will require planning permission. enhancement Development Framework, emerging Examples are rear dormer windows, document that will ultimately replace external cladding and most satellite ThisConservation appraisal Area follows Appraisals the current the Local Plan. dishes on front elevations. guidance set out by English Heritage in

• Advertisement controls are tighter the 2006 publication Guidance on • Most work to trees has to be notified .

to the Council which has six weeks in which to decide to impose The appraisal is not intended to be

restrictions. comprehensive and the omission of any particular building, feature or space

Published in April 2009 by the Sustainable Development Unit, Leeds City Council, The Leonardo Building, 2 Rossington Street, Leeds LS2 8HD Tel 0113 247 8000 email: [email protected] website www.leeds.gov.uk/conservation