Ohananjayarao Gadgil Library II!~~ 11111 HIH ~I mu mil millD GIPE-PUNE-003033 ATHEN..EU!II PORTRAIT, BY GILBEnT S'rUART · !· I 1· BY · WOODROW WI LSON I PH.D .• LITT.D .• LL.D. ·I PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES i I· COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED COPYRIGHT. 1888. BY HARPER a BROTHERS

V73/1 77L3L E' j --> 3'033

A-N TO E.A.W.

WITHOUT WBOIlJ: SYMPATHY AIID COUNSEL

LITERARY WOIII[ WOULD LACI[

INSPIRATION CONTENTS

OIld'. P.A.GE I. IN 'S DAY 3 II. A VIBGINIAN BREEDING 45 III. COLONEL W A8HIl'IGTON 69 IV. MOUNT VElINON DAYS • 99 V" Tn HEAT OB' POLITICS • 117 VI. PILOTING A REVOLUTION • • 153 VII. GENERAL WABIIINGTON • • 179 VIII. Tn BTRE88 OB' VICTORY. • 213 IX. FIRST IN PEACB • • • • • 233 X. THB FmsT PRESIDBNT OB' THB UNITED STATES. • 265

INDBX. . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• . 315 ILLUSTRATIONS

ATHEN..EUM PORTRAIT, BY ". F,tmli8pW;e TAILPIECE • Page ix HEADPIECE " 3 • FaciTl(/p. 18 TIDE-WATER, VIRGINIA, 1738 (M~) " 22 WILLIAM BYRD " 26 lAMES BLAIR • " 34 ALEXANDER SPOTSWOOD " 38 FACSIMILE OF OF WASHINGTON'S- BIRTH Pago 41 THOMAS, SIXTH LORD FAIRFAX • • Facing p. 48 AT THE PRESENT DAY " 52 LAWRENCE WASHINGTON " 58 FRENCH AND ENGLISH IN NORTH AMERICA, 1755 (MAP) " 60 GENERAL EDWARD BRADDOCK " 82 THE BURIAL OF BRADDOCK " 90 WABBINGTON AND MARY PHILIPSE !' 92 TAILPIECE Page 95 LEAVING MOUNT VERNON FOR THE CONGRESS OF THE COLONIES. Facing p. 100 "THE WHITE HOUSE," ON THE PAMUNKEY " 104 TAZEWELL HALL, THE HOME OF THE RANDOLPHS '120 WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE, FROM AN OLD PRINT. } " PEYTON RANDOLPH " 132 GEORGE MASON " 136 IN THE OLD RALEIGH TAVERN .. 146 TAILPIECE • Page 149 viii ILLUSTRATIONS

WASmNGTON, FROM A PORTRAIT BY • Facing p. 158 CARPENTER'S HALL, PHILADELPmA '. • • • • " 166 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS AT " 198 THE ESCAPE OF ARNOLD " 208 TAILPIECE Page 209 THE BUST OF ECKSTEIN • Facing p. 218 FRAUNCE'S TAVERN, NEW YORK " 226 TAILPIECE ... ' .. Page 229 WASHINGTON BRINGING ms MOTHER INTO THE BALL- ROOM, FREDERICKSBURG • Facing p. 240 TAILPIECE •••• Page 262 THOMSON, THE CLERK OF CONGRESS, ANNOUNCING TO

WASHINGTON, AT MOUNT VERNON, HIS ELECTION TO THE PRESIDENCY • • • • •• • Facing p. 266 THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL MANSION, NEW YORK " 272 WASHINGTON MANSION, PmLADELPmA } WASHINGTON, AFTER A PAINTING BY SAVAGE " 276 CONGRESS HALL, 1790-1800 " 282 ELEANOR PARKE CUSTIS " 286 WASHINGTON AND NELLY CUSTIS " 300 DEATH OP WASHINGTON " 304 HANOVER COURT-HOUSE. " 310 THE OLD TOMB, MOUNT VERNON } TAILPIECE • • •••• INDEX

ACTS of Trade, 121. Army, Continental, created by Adams, John, )'epresents Mnssa­ Cougress,173: Washington tukes chnsetta in Congress at Phila­ command of, 180; unsatisfuclo­ delphia, 154; character of, 156- I'y condition of, 182; desertiolls 157; opinion of, concerning Ma­ from, 191 j hardships of, at V ul­ ryland and Virginia delegates to ley Forge, 199; trained by Steu­ COllgress at Philadelphia, 158; ben, 200; difficulty in maintain­ accused as rebel at Congress. ing, 206 ; tl'eatment of, after lhe 161-162; proposes Washillgton war, 218: efforts of Washingtou as commander of Continental iu behalf of, 221; Washington's army, 178; mentioned, 174. 188, loas of popuhuity with, 222; dis­ 198; Vice-President with Wash­ affection in, 222-228: resolution Ington, 279 ; elected Vice-Presi­ passed by officers of, 223. dent the second time, 801; ill­ Army and navy, steps for forma­ augurated as President, 809. tion of, 295. Adams, Samuel, represents Massa­ Arnold. Benedict, att.empt of, to chusetts in Congress at Phila­ capture Quebec, 183; Carleton delphia, 154 j character of, 155, checked by, 194, 198; lit Sara­ 156; accused as rebel at Con­ toga, 195 ; treason of, 207. greas, 161-162. Articles of Confederation. adopted Ajl\x, Wll8hillgton's horse, men­ by states, 213; effect of, 214. tioned, 110. Asgill, Captain Charles, incident Alexandril~, recruiting at, for west­ of, 225; Washington's gratifica­ ern expedition, 71, 77; Wnsh­ tion at release of, 225. ington rejoins regiment nt, 78 ; Attornev-General, creatiun of of­ Brnddock's regiment nt, 82 j fice ot, by Congreas, 277 .. Braddock calls conncil of gov­ ernol's at, 83: Potomac com mis­ BARTER, Philip, Washington's sionel'8 adjourn from, to Mount gal'dene)', makes agreement with Vernon, 252. . Washington, 240. Allen, Ethan, takes possession of Bealljeu leads attack on Brad­ Ticonderoga, 171. dock and is killed, 88 . . Ames, Fisher, comment of, on in" Beausejour, expedition planned IIngllration of Washington, 272. Ilgllinst, 84 j taken, 90. Amhel'st, General, takes LOllis­ Belvoir. seat of William Fairfax. bOUI'g, 93. 51; life at, 53 j refel'red to, Annapolis, Washington resigns 107. . commissioll at, 226 ; conference Bennington, Vermollt, attack on, of SLates at, 254. 195. 316 INDEX

Bcrkl'ley, Sir William, resigns Vir­ BowdOin, Governor, of MaRS8Chu­ giuia to the Commonwealtb, 13. setts, urges convention of states, Bernard, an actor, meeting of, with 253. Wasbington, 312. Braddock, Major-General Ed ward, Betty, Parson, description of, by made commander-in-cbief in Colonel Byrd, 35. Amedca, 81; .. a very Iroquois Beverley,. Robert, writings and in disposition," 81: invites Wnsh­ character of, 31-32; charaCLllr­ ington to his stsff, 83; plan of, ization of Virginia by, 32; on for attacking Fort Duquesne, Virginian hospitality, '50. 84; force of, against Fon Du­ Bisbop, servant of Wasbington, at quesne, 85; advance of, upon Mrs. Custis's, 100; pensioned by Duquesne, 85-86; unreasonable Washington, 24L tllmper of, on the advance, 86 ; Blair, James, "commissary" to the defeat of, 86 ff.; stupid tactics Bishop of London in Virginia. of, 87; bravery of, 88; death of, character, intlueuce, and breed­ 89 ; buried in the mad. 89 ; losses ing of, 36-37. in force of, 89; papers of, taken Blair, John. President (,f Virginia at Duquesne, 90; former master Council, 139; appointed delegate of Washington's servant, 100; to Philadelphia conference. 257 ; referred to, 161. appointed to Supreme Court, 281. BI'andywiue, the, Wasbington de­ Bland, Ricbard, referred to, in COII­ feated at, 196. nection with debate of Stamp Brest, French fieet blockaded at, Act, 130; \'eferrcd to, 135; pam­ 207. phlet of, on colonial rights, 138 ; Brirlges' Creek. homestead of Au­ chosen delegate to Congress at gustine Washington, birthpl!lce Philadelphia, 148; votes re­ of Gr.'Orge. 40-41; Washington ceived by, as delegate to Con­ with his brother Augustine at, gress, 161; opposes Henry in 51_ convention, 170; mentioned, 172; Broglie, Prince de, 216. death of, 234. Bunker Hill, battle of, 179-180. Blueskin, Washingtou's horse, Burgesses, Hou8e of, Governor mentioned, 110_ Spotswood on education of mem­ Board of Trade, search-warrants bers of, 38; Augustine Wash­ issued by, 122. ton in, 46; qnarrels with Din­ BORton, Washington visits, in 1756, widdie about land fee, 69; grants 92; troops sent to, 140; massa­ money for an expedition to the cre in 145'" Tea Party" 148 . Obio, 71; thanks Washington port of, clo;ed, 148; fresh troop~ for service at Great Meadows, sent to, 168 ; Continental troops 77; votes more money against in front of, 171; reinforced by the French, 79; appoints com­ General Howe, 179; evacuation mittee to spend money granted, of, by British, 185: WashinJrton 79; thanks Washington for his occupies, 185; D'Estaing's fieet services with Braddock, 91; at, 204. Washington chosen member of, Boston News Letter, referred to, 103; Washington'S election ex­ 121. , penses to the, 109; temper of, Botetourt, Lord, appointed Gov­ at time of Washington's en­ ernor-General of Virginia, 139 ; trance, 113; memorial of, to attempts to dissolve HOllse of Killg, protesting against Stamp Burgesses, 140 ; att.itudl· of. tow­ Act. 124 -125; action of, on IIrdS colonists, 141; death of, resolutions concernillg taxa­ 141. tion, 125; dissolved by Gov- INDEX 31'1

ernnr Fauquier, 133; attempt of tablished upon, 61; att~mpt at Botetnurt to dissolve, 140; res­ capture of, by Carleton, 194. nlutinn nf, against importing Charleston, creation of, 18 ; a cen­ taxed articles, 140; convened tre for pirates, 21; taking of, by Dunmore, 146; resolves to by Clinton, 205. urge a Congress of all the colo­ Charlestown, occupied by Conti­ nies, 148; gives a ball to Lady nental troops, 179; captlired by Dunmore, 148; last meeting of, British, 180. . 172. Chastellux, Marquis de, 216, 217, Burgoyne, General, plan nf cam­ 218; Washington's congratula­ paign of, 194 ; capture of Ticon­ tions of, on his marl'iage, 260. deroga br, 195; movement. Qf. Chatham, Lnrd, knowledge of, of 195; capnulation of, 195, 197. temper of colonies, 117; com­ Burke, Edmund, knowledge of, of ment of, on Rockingham's "de­ temper of colonies, 117. claratory act," 138; advocates Burnaby, Rev. Andrew, Vicar of conciliation of America, 167. Greenwich, views of, nn puhlic Chiokling, Washington's llOrse, character of Virginians in 1759, mentioned, 110. 120. Church, position of Established,· Byrd, Colonel William, remark of, in colonial Virginia, 8. concerning exploration of the Clark, George Rogers, drives Brit· interior, 12 ; remark nf, cnncern­ ish from the Illinois, 204. ing character nf New-England­ Clinton, General, succeeds General ers, 12; on the powers of colo­ Howe, 202; ol'dered to leave nial governors, 26; character and Philadelphia, 202; attacked by breeding of, 82 if.; ino.uence of, Washington at Monmouth Court in development of Virginia, 33- House, 202; withdl'aws to New 84; unclaunted spirits of, 84-35; York, 203; troops sent by, take characteristics of, as a writer, 33- Savannah, 204; goes Bouth, 205; 35; remark of, abnut North captnresCharleston, 205; returns Carolina, 84, 38; description of north,205. Mr. Betty by, 85; on Captain Colonies, English, in America, Washington's management of po\,mlation and condition of, in iron mines, 45; opinion of, re­ 1732,4; individual development garding taxation, 119-120; re­ of, 4-5; contrast between Vir­ mark of, 120. ginia and New England, 9, 13- 14; expansion of, after the Res­ CAHDEN, Cornwallis routs Gates toration, 17-18; expUlsion of the at, 205. Dutch from, 17; mixture of Carleton, Sir Guy, attempt of, on population in middle and south· Champlain. ern, 18-19; exchange of popula­ Carr, Dabney, meets with Henry tion amongst, 19; nature of set­ and others to discuss colonial af­ tlement of, 20; operation of fairs, 146. the Navigation Acts upon, 20; Carts~ena, Lawrence Washington smuggliug and privateering at sIege nf. 47-48. in, 21; pil'acy in, 21-22; irrita· Cary, Miss, Washington's relations tidn of, with regard to Naviga. with,101. tion Acts, 22; early effects of the Cary, Robert, & Company, Wash­ French power on, 23 if.; stub­ ington's factors in London, 105; born separateness and iudepen. carefully watched by' Washing­ dence of, in re.pect of govern· ton,112. ment, 23-27; drawn into Euro· Champlain, Lake, the French es- pean politics by presence of the 318 .INDEX

French In North America, 25; ment of pnblie debt, 284; bill separate action of, in dealing defeated in, for assumption of witb the French, 25-26: first state dehts by government, 285: feeling of independence among, compromise iu, effected by Jef­ 113-114: effect ofclnse of ferson, 287: taxes levied by, French war on, 118: tuxut,ion of, 298: division in, over constitu­ best Imposed by Parliament, 118; tional powers, 294: changes in, resistance to port dues in, 122 : 301: lays taxes on distilled ~ir­ Stamp Act imposed on, 123-124: its, 302. spread of Henry's resolutions Congress at New York, delegates t111'ollgb, 134: delegates of, as­ sent to, by nine colonies, 134: semble In New York. 184: CIIS­ bill of rights and immunities tom-house and revenne commis­ passed by, 134. . sioners created for, 189: attitnde Connecticut fails to send delegates of, towards Massachusetts. 154- to Annapolis (:onference, 254. 155: adopt Articles of Confed­ ,Constitution, framed by coufer­ eration, 218. ence at Philadelphia. 259: im­ Concord, fighting begins at, 170_ partial Interest of Washington Conference, at Annapolis, signifi­ in discnssions of, 259: adoption cance of, 254: at Philadelphia, of,260_ 256: twelve states representeli Contrec(]lur, commander at Du­ in, 258; frumes constitution, quesne.against Braddock, 87-88_ 259: adjournment of. 259_ Corhln, Richard, acquaints Wash­ Congress, delegates to, from Vlr­ ington with his commission as ~iDia, 148; at Philadelphia, 149: lieutenant-colonel, 72_ aelegates to,from Massnchusetts, Cornwallis, Lord, ad vances to meet 154: unfitness of, for counsel, Washington, 192; defeat of (Ie­ 157; leadership of Virginian tachment of, at Pl'inceton, 193 : delegntes in, 158 -159; forms retreat of, to New York, 193: declnrntion of rights. 164-165: defents Gates lit Camden, 205: adjournment of, 165; second defeat of, at King's llountain, Continental, meets nt Philadel­ North Carolina, 208: forced into phia (1775).171; business trans­ Virginia, 208; at Yorktown, 208, acted by, 171: appoints Wash­ 209; surl'ender of,209: admira­ ington commander of Continen­ tion of, for WnshiD~ton, 209_ tal Army, 173; removes to Bulti­ Craik, Dr., accompames Washing­ more, 191: WlIshington's power ton on western journey, 242. Increased by, 194: inefficiency Crawford, Captain, correspond­ of, 197, 206: policy of. with re­ ence of, with Washington, 143. gard towestel'U lanl\s.247; Wash­ Criminals,hired for private service Ington urge. increase of POWel' in colonial Virginia, 7: importa­ of, 248: inability of. to pay na­ tion of, for servants, 45. tional debts, 249: Washington's Cromwell, Oliver, the instrument letter to Lee on contempt for and representative of a minor­ authority of, 254; indifference ity, 10. of. towards 's proposal, Crown Point, a French post al,. 61; 256; weakness of, in face of re­ William Johnson chosen to lead bellion, 256; sanctions confer­ attack upon, 84: Johnson does ence at Philadelphia, 256: con­ not reach. 90: '.aken possession vening of fll'st, under the Con­ of by insurgents, 171. stitution, 265: orgnnizes vari­ Culpeper County, Washington ons depal'tments, 277: meas­ made official surveyor for, 56_ ures adopted by, for settle- Cushing, Thomas, repl'esents lIas- INDEX 319

I18Chuselts in Congress at Phila· fugton to convey warning. 64; delpbia, 154. . correspondence of, with Law­ Cushing, William, appointed to rence Washington, 64; speaks of Supreme Courl, 281. young Wasbington as .. a per­ Custis, Daniel Parke, first husband son of distinction," 64; contest of Martila Custis, 99; leaves with the Burgesses on tbe land prnperly to wife and children, fee, 69; orders a draft of mili­ 104- tia to be sent to the Ohio, 69; Custis, .. J Rck," placed at Kinl!"s feeling of, towards the Burgess. . College by Washington, 147; es, 70; orders Washington's jour. married, 147, 174; death of, nal to the Ohio printed, 70; im­ 224. patience of, to reattsck the Custis, Martha, meets with Wash· Frencb, 78; resolves militia in· ington, 99; previous liCe of, to independent companies, 79 ; 99-100; .Washington becomes restrained in expenditure of engaged to, 101; marriage of, to money by committee (If Bur· Wasilington, 102. gesses, 79 ; consults with Brad· Custis, Nelly, marriage of, 812, dock at Alexandria, 83; on the Custis, .. Patsy," death of, 147. cowardice of Colonel Dunbar, 90. DANDBIDGE, Francis, Washing. Dorchester Heights, 179; occu. ton writes to, about Stamp Act, pied by Washington, 184. 13~ . :Ounhnr. Colonel, given command Deane, Silas, opinion of, of South· of Braddock's rear di vision, 86 ; ern delegates to Congress at craven behavior of, after Brad· Philadelphia, 158. . dock's defeat, 90_ Declaratiou of independence, mo­ Dunmore, John Munay, Earl of, tion for, adopted, 187. becomes governor of Virginia, De Lancey, Jamea, Governor of 145; convenes HOllse of Bur· New York, coDsults with Brad. gesses, 146 ; reports of, on con­ dock at Alexandria, 83. dition of Virginia, 168; lands DelawlU'e, crossed by WashingtoD, troops near Williamsburg, 170; 191; forts on, taken by Howe, fiight of, 172: raids of, upon 197; delegates from, to Annap­ Virginia, 186-187. olis conference, 254. Duplaine, French consul at Bos­ Department of Foreign Alfairs, ton, 800. orglluizatioD of, 277. Duquesne, tile lIarquis, becomes Depnrtment of State organized by . governor on the St.. Lawl'ence, Cnugress, 277. 60 ; forestalls the English in tile Department of t.he Treasury, or· west, 62. ganizution of, 277. Duquesne, Fort, built by French Department of War organized by on the Ohio, 73; BI'atldock's Congress, 277. plan for attacking, 84; Virgin­ Dickinson, John, 170. ian route to, chosen by Brad­ Dieskau, Count, defeated by John· dock, 85 ; Braddock's defeat at, son at Lake George, 90_ 8~9 ; General Forbes sent to Dinwiddie, Governor, appnints command expedition against, Washington adjutsnt-geueral of 98; taken and renamed Fort a military district, 58; member Pitt, 94; Forbes's preparations of Ohio company, 62-64; acliv, for advancing against, 100. ityof, against the French, 62-64; Dutch, conquest of thc, in Amer. authorized to warn the French ica.17; presence of, in New York from the Oilio, 63; sends Wash- and Pennsylvania, 18. . 320 INDEX

EDEN, Charles, Governor of NorLh Washington takes oath of office Carolina, accompanies Wash­ in, 269. ington to PlJiludelphia, 143. Fedel'Blists support W Ilshington, Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, 301. sends Huguenots to America, Finns in Pennsylvania, 18. 18. l!'orbes, General, sent to Virginia Education, unsystematic charac­ to command against Fort Du­ ter of, in early Virginia, 29-30. quesne, 93: takes Duquesne, 94; Elkton, Howe lands troops at, preparations of, for advancing 196. against Duquesne, 100. England, compelled to act for Fort Cumberland, built by Cap­ herself against the French in tain Innes at Will's Creek, 78; America by the colonies, 27: Braddock at, 85: deserted by neglects government of colonies, Colonel Dunbar, 90. 117-118: attitude of, towards "Fort Necessity," Washington's U niLed States, 248; war of, with intrenf'hments at Great Mead­ -.France. 297; covert hostilities ows.75. nf. against United States, 302: FOltPitt, FOIt Duqucsne rennmed, John Jay sent to, 302; treaty 94: left ill charge of Colonel lIer­ with. effected by John Jay, 304. cer, 101. Estaing, Count d', appears off Fort Washington, surrender of, by New York, 203: refits fleet, 204. GClleral Greene, 190. Fort WiIlillln Henry taken by the FAIRFAX, Anne, manies' Law­ French,90. rence Washington, 48: family France, money loaned by, 199; connections of, 48-49. forms alliance with U nitedStates, Fairfax, George, Washington's 201: United States in debt to,249: companion in western survey- effects of Revolution in,on Amer­ ing, 54. . ica, 289: progress of Revolution Fairfax, Thomns, third Lord, sum­ in, 292: Washington'S attitude mons Colonel H. Washington towal'ds, 290-292, 296: at war at Worcester, 48-49 .. , wiLh England, 297: Wlj.I' of, with Fairfax, Thomas, sixth Baron, es­ United States threatened, 310. tates of, in Northern Neck, 49; Franklin, Benjamin, on Braddock's life and character of. 49-50 : plan for attacking Fort Du­ eRtahlishes himself in Virginia, quesne, 84; remark of, 197. 49-50; liking of, for Washing­ Fraunce's Tavern, Washington's ton, 53; employs Washington farewell to officers at, 226. as surveyor, 53-56; purpose of, Frederick County, Washington in coming to America, 54: ehos"n member of House of in h\lntin,~ parties, 109. Burgesses for, 103. Fairfax, William, family and ca­ Frederick the Great, provokes for­ r.'er of, 48-49; president of the mation of league against himself, King's Council, 50-51; Belvoir, 80, 193; comment of. 203. seat of, 51, 53: influence of, upon Frederickshurg, 228, 265, Washington, 51-53: cheers French, in Pennsylvania and the Washington at the frontier, 92. southern colonies, 18: threaten­ rauquier, FTRn~is, Govel'nol' of ing power of, in North America, Virginia, 'pre•• mt at Washing­ 22ff.; development of conquest tnu's marriage, 102; dissolves by, in America, 23; hold of, upon IIouRe of BurgeRses, 133 : tastes the fur trade, 23-24; effect of of, 136; death of, 139. power of, upon relations of col­ Federal Ilall, New York City, onies to England, 25: seplU'ate INDEX 321

action of colonies in dealing from France, 297; conduct of Wilh, 25-26; ind"cisive wars in America, 298; plans of, de: with,ln America,27; movements feated by Washington, 298; re­ of, in the West, 171>2, 5~0; ag­ call of, 300. greasive efficiency of, 60; warned Georgia, prevented by governor frum the Ohio by Dinwiddie, from sending delegates to .. con­ 64-66; at Fort Le Breuf, 61>; gress" in New York, 134; ovel'­ claims of, to tbe West, 66; seize run by B.-itish, 204: fails to fort at forks of the Ohio, 71 ; in­ send delegates to Annapolis con­ crease their force on the Ohio, ference, 255. 72; build Fort Duquesne, 73; at­ Germans, in Pennsylvunia and tacked by Wash i ngton near Great Virginia, 18; seltle in valley of Meadows, 73-74; profess friend­ Shenandoah, 61; Pennsylvanian, ship for the English, 80-81; send oppose war wit.h France, 63; reinforcements to Canada, 81; attacked by Indians on Virgin­ force of, against Braddock, 87 ; ian frontier, Ill; volunteer for lose Louisbourg,Il3, Duquesne, service in Amel'ica, 200. 1l4, Quebec, Ill>; volunteer for Germantown, batlle of, 197. service in America, 200; respect Gist, Christophel', agent of Ohio of, for Washington, 211>. Company, 65; goes with Wash­ French and Indian War, begun by ington to wal'U the French, 65 ; Washington, 7B-74; action in, at solicitude of, for Washington, Great Meadows, 74-75; Brad­ 66. dock made commander-in-chief Gooch, William, Governor of Vir­ in, 81; . Braddock's defeat in. 86 ginia,40. ff.; goes heavily against the Eng­ Grafton referred to, 139. lish,IlO~ drags upon the frontier, Grasse, ebunt de, co-operates with Ill; goes against the French,llB- Washington before Yorktown, 1l5; . effect of close of, on colo­ 209. nies, 113; close of, 114. Great Meadows, Washington en­ French Revolution, beginning of, camps at, 73; "a charming field 289; progress of, 292; Wasbing­ for an encollnter," 73; Wash­ ton's attitude towards, 290-292, ington attacked by Villiers at, 296. 74-75; bought by Washington, Fry, Colonel Joshua, made com­ 144; referred to, 161. mander of western expedition, Greene, General, surrender of 72; dies, 73. Fort Washington by, 190; har­ Fur trade, early rivalry of French asses Cornwallis in North Caro­ and English in the, 23-25; effort lina, 208. of the English to control, at Os­ Greenway Court, built by Lord wego,61. Fairfax, 50; Washington at, 50-56; referred to, 107. GAGE, General,170. Grenville, George, Prime - Minis­ Galloway, Joseph, leader of Penn­ ter, favors direct taxation of sylvania delegation, 164; propo­ colonies, 119; attempt of, to en­ sition of, in Congress, 164. force collectiou of port dues, Gardoqui insists on closing the 122; proposes Stamp .Act, and Mississippi, 254. billeting of troops in colonies, Gaspe, '8chooner, destruction of, 123; referred to, 139. 146. Gunston HaIl, centre of sport, 109. Gates, General, 198; defeated at Camden, South Carolina, 201>. HAMILTON, Alexllnder, address of, Genet, Edmond Charles, minister to the states, 255; previous rec- 21 INDEX

ord of, 256; favors adoption to discuss colonial affairs, 146; of Constitution, 259; urges chosen delegate to Congress at Washington to accept presi­ Philadelphia, 14S-149; leader­ dency, 262; referred to, 273; ship of, in Congress at Philadel­ appointeli Secretary of Treas­ phia, 159 ; votes received by, as ury, 278; Wllshington's reasons delegate to Congress, 161; criti­ fnr choice of, 279; policy of, cised for boldness, 163; referred 282-283; plllns of, for. settle­ to, 165; advocates arming col­ lIlent of puhlic debt, 284; Jef· onists, 169; heads militiamen ferson's envy of, 287; relations against Dunmore, 171; mention­ of, with Washington, 288; re­ ed, 172; chosen governor of rel'red to, 292; arguments of, for Virginia, 234; appointell dele­ National Blink, 294; attacked gate to conference at Philadel­ in the House by Madison, 301; phia, 257; opposes Constitution, defence of Waohington by, 305 ; 260: referred to, 280, referred to, 307: Washington Hessians surrendered to Wash· asks advice of, 308. ington, 192. Humilton, Governor, of Pennsyl­ Holland, United States in debt to, vania, acts with Ohio Company, 249. 63. Howe, Admiral Lord, assists Gen­ Hancock, Governor, of l\Iassachu­ eral Howe at New York, 189; setts, visit of, to Washington, offers pal'don for Bubmission, 282. 189, 191. Hard wick, Washington's overseer, Howe, General William, reinforces 108. Boston, 179; evacuates Boston, Harlem Heights, fight at, 190. 185; forces Washington from Harrison, Benjamin, chosen dele­ Bl'Ooklyn Heights, 189; plans of, gate to a congress in Philadel­ 194; movements of, 195; ad­ phia, 148; referred to, 157; votes vanceof,onPhiladelphiachecked received by, as delegate to con­ by Washington. 196; landing gress, 161; opposes Henry in of, at Elkton. 196: defeats convention, .170; menlionect, Washington at the Bl'andywine, 172 ; Governor of Virginia, 234. 196; enters Philndelphia, 197; Harrison, R. H., appointed to attacked by Washington at Ger­ Supreme Court, 281. mllntown, 197 ; winters at Phila­ Hawley, Joseph, advice of, to rep­ delphia, 197; resigns command, resentatives of Massachusetts at 202. Philadelphia, 155; referred to, 158. ILJ.lNOIB, the French in the coun­ Hay, Anthony, Burgesses meet at try of the, 23. hOllse of, 140. Independent Company, temper of, Henry, Patrick, family and char­ from South Carolina at Great acter of, 126 -127 ; entrance of, Meadows, 73; from New York into House of Burgesses, 127; fails to join Washington against appearance and dl'ess of, 127; the French, 76; from New York comparison of, with Washing­ and from South Carolina at Fort ton, 127; previolls life of, 128; Cumberland, 78; from New leudership of, in debute of Stamp York with Braddock, 85. Act., 12S-129 ; triumph of, In de· Indians, Ohio Company, makes in­ bate of Stamp Act, 132; in!luence terest with, 61-62; Washiof,tton's on cnlonies of resollltionsof,l:l4: efforts to retain friendshi 11 of, for recol!;nlzecl R~ a lenl'lI'f, 138: the Euf,tlish. 66; with Villiers at meets with Jefferson IIml nther~ GfI'at Meadows, 71i; Washlng· INDEX 828

ton's struj:!'gle with the, on the Knox, General, Washingtou's fare· frontier, 91-92; desert French well to, 226; Jetter to, from at Duquesne, 93-94. Washington, 266; made Secre­ Inues, Captain, builds Fort Cum· tary of War, 278. berland at Will's Creek, 78. Knyphausen, General, Jeft by Clin­ ton in charge of New York, 205. JAy, Jobn, supports proposition of Rutledge In Congress, 164; LAFAYE'l'TE,Marquisde, volunteers proposition of, coucernlng Mis· for service in America, 200, 202; slssippi, 246; favors adoption hara"ses Cornwallis in Virginia, of Constitution, 259; appointed 208; letter of W Bsliington to, chief-justice, 281; sent by Wash­ 287 ; remark of, concerning Ington to Englaud, 802 ; provi­ Washingtou's home life, 289; sions of treaty effected by, 804. sends hounds to Washington, Jefferson, Thomas, referred to, 248; becomes people's leader In 187; meets with Henry and French Revolution, 290. others to discuss colonial affairs, Lake George, DieslulU heaten by 146; becomes governor of Vir. Johnson at, 90. gioia, 284 ; appointed SeCl'etary Land fee, protest of the Vb'ginia of State, 278 ; Washington's rea­ Burgesses concerning, 69. sons for choice of, 279 ; compro­ Laurie, Dr., comes to Mount Ver­ mise in Congress effected by. 287; non drunk, 109. envy of, of Hamilton, 287; re­ Lee, Arthur, referred to, 141. lation of, with Washington, 288 ; Lee, Charles, 168 ; second In com­ French influences on, 289; op· mand to Washington, 191; tal{en position of, to National Bauk, prisoner, 191; treacbery of, 202. 298; letter to, from Washington, Lee, Henry (" Light -horse Har- concerning United Stales policy ry'~,208. ' towal'ds France, 297; neutrality Lee. Richard Henry, referred to, violated by, 299; leaves the 182; forms association for re­ cabinet, 801; remark of, on sistance to Stamp Act, 135; , 804; re­ meets with Henry and others to ferred to, 807. discuss colonial affairs, 146; Johnson, Governor, of Maryland, chosen delegate to Congress at UJ'ges Washington to accept Philadelphia, 148 ; leadership of, presidency, 261. in Congl'ess at Phjladelphia, 159; Johnson, Colonel William, chosen votes received 'DY, as delegate to lead attack on Crown Poillt, to Conll'ress, 161 ; interview of, 84 ; beats Dieskau at Lake with Massachusetts delegates, George, 90. 161-162 ; referred to, 166; men­ Jones, Rev. Hugh, author of Pr/J80 tloneci, 172; motion of, for dec­ ent Stats 01 Virginia, 86. laration of independence, 187 ; Jones, John Paul, 205. harasses Cornwallis in North Jumonville, M., killed near Great Carolina, 208, 285; Washing­ Melldows, 74; death of, hegins ton's letter to, on contempt for French aud Indian War, 74,80. authority of Congress. 254; op­ poses Constitution, 260; refelTed KEITH, Sir William, Governor of to, 280. . Pennsylvania, suggestion of, for Lee, Thomas, president of Ohio taxation of colonies, 118; re­ Company, 64. ferred to, 119. Lewis. Mrs., sister of WaShington, Keppel, Admiral, commands fleet 228. Bent to Virginia, 81. Lexin~on, battle of, 17Q. 324 INDEX

Lincoln, General, taken prisoner, Massachusetts, independence of 205. men of, 117; resents direct taxa­ Lippincott, Captain, hangs Ameri­ tion, 119; refuses stauding grant can officer, 224. to governor, 119; summons col­ Little Sal'ah, the, 299. onies to send delegates to New Livingston, Chancellor of .New York, 134; attitude of colonies York, administers oath of office towards,154--155; delegates from, to Washington, 269. at Congress,accused of rebellion, . Louisbourg tuken by Amherst, 93. 161-162; proclaimed in rebel­ Lower Brandon, estate of Ben­ lion, 167-168; provincial con­ jamin Harri'lOn, 234. gress formed in, and votes to Lynch, Mr.. delegate from South equip militia of, 168; fails to Carolina to Congress at Phila· send delegates to Annapolis COII­ delphia, 158. ference, 254; rebellion in, 256; struggle in, over Constitution, MACKAY, Captain of Independent 260. Company from South Carolina, Mercer, Colonel, engages Wash­ 79. Ington by mistake, 94; Fort Muckenzie, Captain, letter of, to Pitt left in charge of, 102. Washington, 162. Mifilin, Thomas. member of Con­ Madison, James, leader in Virgini­ gress at Philadelphia, 157. an politics, 235; nppointed dele­ Mississippi, early power of the gate to Philadelphia conference, French on the, 23; closed to 25'1; part of, in the conference, commerce by the Spanish,245; 259; favors adoption of Consti­ opening of, 306. tution, 259; referred to, 274; Monckton, Colonel, directed to oppolles policy.of Treasury De· attack Beausejour in Acadia, partment,.295; attack of, on 84. Hamilton,301; Washington asks Monmouth Court House, battle of, advice of, 808. 202. Magnolia, Washington's horse, Monroe, James, becomes promi­ mentioned, 110. nent, 235. Marshall, John, becomes promi­ Montgomery, General, captures nent, 235. Montreal, ISS; death of, 183, Maryland, resolution of, to arm 215. colonists, 169; takes measures for Montreal captured by Montgom- opening the Potomac, 246; com­ ery,lSS. . missioners from, meet at Mount Morgan, General, 198; harasses Vernon concerning .Potomac, Cornwallis in North Carolina, 252; action of Assembly of, reo 208. gardlng trade, 258 ; fails to send Morris, Gouverneur, 292. • delegates to Annapolis confer­ Morris. Robert Hunter, Governor ence, 254. of Pennsylvania, consults with Mason, Geor/!e, urges Washington Braddock at Alexandria, 83. toguardhlshealth,94--95; Wash· Morristown Heights, withdrawal ington stalking deer with, 110; of Wnshingtoll to, 193. conferences of, with Washington Mount Vernon, named after Ad­ on state of colonies, 135; draws miral Vernon,48; Washington up resolution for House of Bur­ as a boy at, 51--.53, 56; Washing­ gesses,140; refelTed to, 166, 243, tou visits, before Yorktown,224; 280; appointed delegate to Phil­ Washington returns to, after the adelphia conference, 207; op­ war, 228; left in charge of Lund poses Constitlltion, 260, Washington;233; many visitors INDE~ 325

at, 237, 243; Washington's cor­ headquarters of colonial pirates, respondence at, 250; meeting of 22. Potomac commissioners aI, 252 ; New York, establishment of colo­ Washington leaves, to take presi­ ny of, 17; early preponderance dency, 265; retires to private of the Dutch in, 18; a rival of life at, 809_ the French in the fur trade, 24 ; Moustier, Count de, French .minis­ Assembly of. questions English ter to the United States, pre­ claim to the Ohio, 70; Indepen­ sumption of, 276_ dent Company from, fails to Murray, John, Earl Dunmore, &e join Washington against Ihe Dunmore, FrenCh, 76; Independent Com­ panies from, under Innes at NATIONAL Bank, foundation of, Will's Creek, 78; astir in the 298. French war, 84; Independent Navigation Acts, policy of the, Companies from, with Brad­ towards the colonies, 20; eva­ dock, 85; legislative powers of sion of the,21 : irritation wrought Colonial Assembly of, suspend: by the, 22; advantages gained to ed, 139; majority in, opposed the colonies by the, 22. to revolution, 163 : opposes mo­ , Washington's horse, 241. tion for declaration of inde­ Nelson, William, president of Vir­ pendence, 187; delegates from, ginia Council, 145. to Annapolis conference, 2M; New Brunswick, British stores at, struggle in, over Constitution, 193. 260. Newcastle, Duke of, aroused on New York City, cosmopolitan Ihl! French war, 80. . chara.cter of colonial, 19 ; a cen­ New Englllnd, peculiar character tre for pirates, 21; delegates of of population ln, 9-10; persistent colonies assemble in, 134: Wash­ character of, amidst Change, 10 ; ington's plans for defence of, modification of, 10-11; a body 186; British arrive before. 188; of churches, 11; popUlation and withdrawal of Washington from, conrlilion of, at end of seven­ 190; Clinton retreats to, 203; teenth century, 11-12 ; separate D'Estaing's fleet appears off, life of, 11-12; difference be­ 203; Washington's welcome in, tween, and Virginia accenluate

North Carolina, establishment of, Court of Admiralty, warns min­ 18; characterization of, by Colo­ isters against enforcin~ search­ nel Byrd, 34, 88; sends militia­ warrants, 128; critiCised for men to assist Washington against boldness, 163. the French, 76; prevented by governor from· sending dele­ PAINE, Robert Treat, represents gates to .. congress" in New Massachusetts in Congress at York,184;riotsin,l45; delegates Philadelphia, 1M. of, authorized to join in declara­ Parliament renounces right to tax tion of independence, 187; up­ colonies, 201. rising of, 208; refusal of, to yield Pendleton, Edmund, member of western land claims, 246 ; fnils to House of Burgesses, referred to send delegates to Annapolis con- in connection with debate of ference, 2M. . Stamp Act, 181; character of, .. N orthern Neck" of Virginia, 181; referred to, 135; chosen settlement of. 15-16; division delegate to Congress at Philll­ of, into counties, 16; a natural delphia, 148-149; vote received seat of commerce, 16; imtnigra­ by, as delegate to Congress, 161; tion of the Washingtons into, opposes Henry in convention, 16; intimate Intercourse of. with 170; referred to, 172 ; president England, 80 ; of a piece with the of Committee of Safety, 187; rest of Virginia, 89 ; property of becomes judge, 234. in, 45 ; Peun, Thomas, comment of, on estates of Lord Fairfax in, 49. Washington's resignation from militia. 80. OHIO, determination of Duquesne Pennsylvania. establishment of to occupy upper waters of, 60- colony of, 17 ; mixed population 61; first movement of the French of, 18; immigration of Scots­ towards the, 62; Dinwiddie de­ Irish into, 19; westward move­ termines to send militia to the, ment of settlers from, 60-61; 69; Washington's journal to the, Assemhly of. refuses to act printed, 70; fort begun at the against the French, 68; Assem­ forks of the, by the English, 71; bly of, doubts English claim to the fort seized by the French, the Ohio, 70; votes money to 71; French build Fort Duquesne be used against the French, 76; on the, 78. advantages of route through, to Ohio Company, formation of, 61 ; Duquesne, 85; majority in, op­ establishment of posts by, in the posed to revolution; 168 ; dele­ west, 62; Governor Dinwiddie gation from, led by Joseph member of, 62, 64; Thomas Lee, Galloway, 164; delegates from, president of the, 64; Lawrence to Annapolis conference, 254; Washington jresident of the, Whiskey Rebellion in, 303. M; intereste in Virginia route Philadelphia, creation of, 17; cos­ to Duquesne, 85; plans of, for mopolitan character of colonial, opening the upper Potomac, 19; Congress at, 149. 171 ; en­ 246. tered by Howe, 197 ; British Orme, Captain, invites Washing­ leave, 202. ton to Braddock's staff, 88. Phillipse, Mary, interests Wash­ Oswego, English military post Rt, ington, 98, 101, 174. 61; westward expeditIOn of the Pinckney. Thomas, treaty of, with French observed from, 62; taken Spain, 306. by the French, 90. Piracy in the colonies, 21-22 : sup­ Otis; James, Advocate-General in pl'ession of, 22. INDEX 327

Pitt, William, becomes Prime­ House of Burgesses, referred to Minister and end, tlJe French in connection with debate of war, 93 If. Stamp Act, 131; previous life of, Planters, in colonial Virginia, 132; referred to. 135; chosen dele­ mode of life of, 6. 2S-211; pro­ gate to Congress at Philadelphia, portion of, in coloniul Virginia, 148-149; chosen president of '1; aocial position of, S-9. Congress at Philadelphia, 159; Poles volunteer for service in votes received by, as delegate to America, 200. Congress, 160; referred to, 172 ; Potomac, WaslJinglon surveying death of. 234. on the. liS; importance of, to Rangers, VirgiDiaD, added to Brad­ cnmDl~rce, 246; Washington's dock's forces, 82: behavior of, pillns concerning, 246; confer­ in Braddock's defeat, 87, 88,89; ence of commissioncl'8 concern­ Braddock praises, 89. ing, at Mount Vernnn, 252. .. Red Sea trade," the, :31-22. , Washington Redslone Creek, Obio Company chnsen president of. 251. establishes post on, 62. Presque Isle, French establiah Reed, Joseph, comment of, on IlJems,,1 ves at, 62. Virginia delegates, 172. Princelon, WaslJington retreats to, Restoration, effect of, upon colonial 191; battle of, 193. settlement, 17. Principio Iron Company, interest Revolution, first battle of, 170; of Angustine Washington in, goes against British, 203; goes 45; Colonel Byrd on the man­ agaiDst Americans, 205; favors agement of, 45. Americans in the South, 208; Privateering in Ihe colonies, 21. close of, 209; effect of, OD Wash­ PUlitan Commonwealth in Eng­ ingtoD, 216. land tbe government of a mi- Rhode Island, Puritan thongh nority, 10. . various, 11; fails to seDd dele­ Puritans, unlike other English­ gates to AnDapolis conference, men, 9; of the minority in Eng­ 254; in sympathy with Sbays, land, 10; ascendency of, in New 256. England, 10. Richmond, Virginia coDveDtion meets iD, 169. QUAKERS of Pennsylvania op­ Robin, Abbe, 215, 221. _ pose war with French, 63. RobinsoD, Beverly, entertains QuelJec, Wolfe takes command of Washington in New York, 93. expedition against, 93; taken, RobiDson, Speaker of House aDd - 95; attempt of Arnold 10 capt­ Treasurer of VirgiDia, thaDks ure,183. WasbingloD for services, 103; death of, referred to, 113. RAm., Colonel, mortally wound· Rocbllmbeau, CoUDt, lands men ed, 192. at Newport, 206; assists Wash· Randolph, Edmund, becomes iDgton's plans, 208, 228. prominent, 235; appointed dele­ ~kingham, Lord, referred to, gate to conference at Philadel­ 135; .. declaratory act" uuder phia, 257; part of, in the con­ miDistry of, 138. ference, 259; appointed Atlor­ Rutledge, Edward, supports prop­ ney-General, 278; Washington's ositioD of Galloway in COD­ reasons for choice of, 280: op­ gress. 164; Washington'sappeal position of, to National Bank, to,272. 293. Rutledge, JohD, appointed to Su­ Randolph, Peyton, member of preme Court, 281. 328 INDEX

ST. CLAIR, Sir John, Washington opposed to revolution, 163; in at Williamsburg by ordet· of, power of British, 205;, fails to 100 .. send delegates to Annapolis St Lawrence, power of the French conference, 254. on the,2a. Spain, alliance of, with France and St. Leger, General, plans of, 194; America, 204; iuvasion of Eng­ failure of, 195. land attempted hy. 204; closes San Lazaro, Fort, stormiug of, 48. Mississippi River to commerce, S'll'atoga, battle of, 195. 245, 247, 249; trenty with, ob­ Savannah taken by British, 204 tained by Pinckney, 306. "chuyler, Geneml, driven from Spectato1', the, ,Lord Fnirfllx a con­ Ticonderoga, 195; mentioned, tributor to, 49-50; Wnshington's 198. acquaintance with, 56. Scots· Irish, in Virginia and the Spotswood, Alexander, character middle colonies, 19; settlement of, and career in Virginia, 37- of, iu Shenandoah Valley, 61; 38; judgment of Virginians by, harassed by Indiaus on Virgini· 38; 011 the education of Bur­ an frontier, 91. gesses, 38; referred to, 119. Search - warrants issued by Board Stamp Act, proposed by Grenville, of Trade, 122. 123; passa/!e of, 124; protest Servants, hired, in colonial Vir- a~ainst, by House of Burgesses, ~~,~ . 124; Henry's leadership in .Ie­ Settlers harassed by Indians on bnte of, 128-129; repeal of, 135. Virginian frontier, 91-92. Steuben, Baron von, joins Wash­ Sharpe, Horatio, Governor of Ma· ington at Valley Forge, 200; ryland, consults with Braddock blLrasses Cornwallis in North at Alexandrill, 83. Carolina, 208. Shays leads rebellion in Massa­ Stitb, Rev. William, character and chusetts, 256. writings of, 35-a6. Shenandoah, Washington survey· Sullivan, General, 192. ing C?n the, 55; first movement Swedes on tbe Delaware, 18. of settlers into vallq of, 61. Shippen, Dr., intl'rview of, wit.ll TAXATION, Virginian Burgesses . Massachusetts delegates, 161- reglLr

Trumbull, Governor, referred to, to Duquesne chosen by Brad­ 189. dock. 85; forces of, witb Brad­ Trumbull, Jonathan, Jr., Wash­ dock, 85; resen ts direct taxation, ington's letter to. 244. 119: loyalty of colonists to, 130; Truro, parish of, represented by prevented by governor from Augustine Washington, 46. sending delegates to" congress" Trvon, Governor of North Caro­ in New York. 184; passes bill of lina, 145. rights. 134; leadersbip of dele­ gates from, in Congress at Pbil­ VALIANT, Wasbington's horse, adelphia, 158-159; colonists ot, mentioned, 110. srmed,168: convention of, meets Valley Forge, Wasbington win­ at RiChmond, 169; changes in, ters at, 197, 199: Mrs. Washing­ during tbe war, 284: yields west­ ton's visit to, 199. ern land claims, 246; commis­ Vanbraam, ,Jacob, fencing-master sioners from. meet at Mount at Mount Vernon, goes with Vernon concerning the Potomac, Wasbington to warn tbeFrencb, 252; calls general conference at 64. Annapolis, 254; delegates from. Vergennes. interceaaion of, in be­ to Annapolis conference" 254; balf ot Captain Asgill, 225. final adoption of national Con­ Vermont, rebellion in, 256. stitution by, 260-261. Vernon, Admiral, at Cartagena, 47-48. WAI.POLE.Horace, calls Washing­ Villiers,. Coulon de, attacks Wash­ ton a '~brave braggart," 78, 80, in~ton at Great Meadows, 74-75. 206. VirglDia, general English cbarac­ Walpole, Sir Robert, answer of, ter of colonial, 5; fixed nature to Keith, 118. of society in. /HI ; lack of towns Washington, Augustine, father of in, 6; independent plantation George, 40: character and occu­ life In, 6-7, 28-29; classes of pations of, 45-46; a represent­ population In, 7; proportion of ative in the House of Burgesses, slana in, 7; democratic spirit 46; death and will of, 46; court­ in, 8; position of Church in, 8 ; ship and marriage of, 47. position of Established Church Wasbington, Augustine (half­ in, 8; contrasted with New Eng­ brother of George), estate and land, 9; temper of, at establi.b­ education of, 46; George with, ment of the Commonwealth, 13; at Bridges' Creek, 51; member cbange in population of, during of Obio Company, 61. Commonwealth, 13-14; emigrn­ Washington, George, hreeding of, tion of Jobn and Lawrence epitomized, 3; birth of, 40: birth­ W)I8hington to, 14; French Hu­ place of, 41; age of; at his fa­ guenota and Germans in, 18; ther's death, 46; interest of, in meets the French in western fur his father's estate, 46; under his trade, 24; character and habits mother'S care, 47; as a boy at of society in, 28 ft.; individu­ Mount Vernon and Belvoir, 50- ality of men in, 28-29; educa­ 51, 52-153, 56; comradeships of, tion and study in, 29-80; char­ BS a boy. at Belvoir Bnd Mount acter of literary work in, 30-31; Vernon,50-1i3,56; keptatschool ' travel in, 88; culture mixed with till Bixteen, 51 ; at Bridges' Creek rough life in,' 39; obliged to net with his brother Augustine, 51 i alone against the French, 63; kept from going to sea, 51; boy­ English regiments for French ish relish of, for practical effi­ war arrive in, 81; route througb, ciency, 51-52; quits school, 521 330 INDEX

intimacy of, with Lord Fairfax, 86: in Braddock's defeat, 87-89; 53-56; surveyor for Lord Fair­ ill just before the battle, 88; di­ fax, 53 - 56; letter of, on sur­ rects retreat alone,89; distress of, veying experiencl's, 1i5; boy­ at sufferings of frontier settlers, ish reading of, 56; official ap­ 91; thanked by the Burgesses for pointment of, as surveyol', 56; , his services under Braddock, 91; studies tactics and the broad­ keeps th'e frontier against the sword at Mount Vernon, 56; be­ Indians, 91 - 92; cheered by comes known throughout the Colonel Fairfax, 92: behavior Northern Neck, 57; goes to the of, towards his comrades, 92: Bahamas with Lawrence, 57; hangs insubordinates, 92 ; visits mnde Lawrence's executor, 57- Governor Sbirley on matter of 58 :, contracts the small-pox in rank,92-93; becomes interested the Bahamas, 58; takes Law­ in Mary Phillipse in New York, I'ence's place in the militia, 58; 93; goes with Forbes against Fort put in charge of a military dis­ Duquesne, 94; in ill-health, 94; trict, 58; contingent interest in George Mason to, ou need of MOllnt Vernon, 58; sent by Din­ preserving himself for the couq­ widdie to warn the Frencb from try, 94-95; meets Martlla Cus­ the Ohio, 64-66: difficulties of tis, 99; becomes engaged to Mrs_ the journey, 65-66: endeavors Custis, 101; early love affairs of, to attach Indians to the English, 101; marriage of, 102: stay of, 66: appointed by Dinwiddie to at the White House, 102: takes command militia sent to the wife to Williamsburg, 102; Ohio, 69: journal of, to the Ohio chosen membel'of House of Bur­ printed, 70: recruiting at Alex­ gesses, 103; embarrassed on en­ andria, 71; commissioned lieu­ tering House of Burgesses, 103; tenant -'colonel under Joshua publicly thanked for services, Fry, 72; sent forward to Cllt a 103; management of estlltes by, ro.ld to the Ohio, 72: establishes 104; home life of,,104-112, 251; camp at -Great Meadows, 73: business ability of, 10&-106: at­ trouble of, witli Independent titude of, towards drinking,10S- Company at Great Meadows, 73: 109; election expenses of, 109; succeeds Colonel Fry in com- fondness of, for hunting, 109- ,mand, 73: spills first blood ofthe 110; getting estates into condi­ French war, 73-74: attacked tion, 110: pleasure outings of, by ViIIlers at Great Meadows, 111: tltste of, in clothes, Ill: de­ 74-75: capitulates and retreats, sire of, to go to England, 112: 76: thanked by the House of comparison of, with Henry, 127; Burgesses,77: letters of, on man­ attitude of, towards debate on R!!ement of expedition to Ohio, Stamp Act, 133: views of, on 77; likes the sound of bullets, enforcement of Stamp Act, 134 ; 77; laughed at by Horace Wal­ confers with Mason on state of' pole, 78; rejoins regiment at colonies, 135: relations of, with Alexandria, 78; resigns com­ Fauquier, 136; letter of, to MIl­ mand, 79 ; Thomas Penn's com­ son on actions of Parliament, ment upon resignation of, 80; 140; presents Mason's resolution visits Braddock's regiment at to House of Burgesses, 140-141; Alexandria., 82; accepts place on encourages observance of im por­ Bl'addock's statI, 83; disputes tation resolution, 142: buys new of, with Braddock during ad­ .. chariot," 142; pre-empts lands vance on Duquesne, 86; advises in the west, 142; employments division of Brnddock's force, of, 142-143; gives ball at Alex- INDEX. 331

andria, 143; attends horse·races at Arnold's treason, 207; takes in Philadelphia, 143; secures Cornwallis at Yorktown, 209; western land for comrlUles in courage of, 215; 'effect of the French war, 143-144; places war on, 216; reserve of, in dis­ "Jackie" Custis in King's Col­ charge of duty, 218; advises lege, New York, 147; letter to with Congress, 219; rejoins army Colonel Bassett, 147,; chosen at Newburgh, 219; indignation delegllte to' Congre98 at Phila­ of, at Colonel Nicola's proposnl, delphia, 148-149; not a leader 220 ; efforts of, in behalf of the in Congre98 at Philadelphia, ' army, 221; loses popularity with 159-160; criticism of, of Gal!'e's the army, 222; treatment of mu­ conduct, 160; reported say 109 tinousofficers by, 222-223; long­ of, ·160; votes received by, 88 ing of, for home, 223; sternness dele~te to Congl'ess, 161; in­ of, 224; reply of, to Vergennes terview of, with Massachusetts. concerning Captain Asgill, 225; delegates, 161-162; foresees out· gratification of, at release of come of Congress's act.ions, 165- Captain Asgill, 225; farewell of, 166; business atfairs ur, 166-167. to officers, 226; 'speech of, on re­ B98umes command of VirginilL signing commission at Annap­ companies. 169; attenlls second olis, 226-227; prayer of, before Continental Congres", 171; ac­ battie, 227; returns to MOllnt cepts commnnd of IIrmy at Bos­ Vernon, 228; simplicity of, 228; ton, 174, 214; reverence of peo­ attends ball with his mother, ple for,174; reaches Camhridge, 228; deference of, to his mother, 180; 88sumes command of army, 229; rebukes his nephew, 233; 180 ;' correspondence of, from welcome of, on return to Vir­ headquarters, 181; privateers ginia, 235; priva.cy of, at ?tlollnt equipped by orders of, 182; oc­ Vernon, 237; letter of, to La­ cupies Dorchester Heights,l84; fayette, 237; interruptions of, at enters Boston, 185; transfers de­ llount Vernon, 238; 88 a hust, fence to New York, 186'; favors 238; atfection of, for adopted motion for declaration of inde­ childrell, 239; agreement of, with pendence, 188; evacuates Brook· gardener, 240; strictness of, in Iyn Heights, 190; withdrawal of, business dealings, 241; eagerness from New York City, 190; re­ of people to see, 241; makes treat of, through New Jersey, jOllrney to western lands, 242; 191; crosses the Delaware, 191; cares of, as statesman, 243; anx­ forces recrnited by, 192; capt­ .iety of, for success of govern­ ures Trenton, 192; defeats Brit­ ment, ~244; •• political creed .. ish at Princeton, 193; with­ of, 244; forebodings 'of, for fut­ draws to Morristown, 193; proc­ ure of the West, 245; efforts of, lamation of, 193; fortune of, to open the Potoma.c, 246; urges pledged for payment of troops, increase of Congress's power, 194; CRuses Howe to retreat to 248; portraits of, 250; makes New York, 196; defeat of, at the tour of inspection 88 president Brandywine, 196; atta.cks Howe of Potoma.c Company, 251; in­ at Germantown, 197; winters at vites commissioners on opening Valley Forge,197; plots against, of the Potomac to Mount Ver­ 198; trials of, at Valley Forge, non, 252; letter of, to Henry Lee, 199; joined by Steuhen, 200 j 254; criticises weakness of Con­ attacks Clinton at Monmouth gress. 256;' appointed delegate Conrt Honse, 202; wrath of, at to Philadelphia conference, 257 j Lee's cowardice, 202 j grief of, reluctance of, to attend confer· 332 INDEX

ence at Philadelphia, 257; op­ 311; gentleness of, with chil.. poses compromise in conference dren, 812; attends marriage of at Philadelphia, 258; chosen Nellie Custis, 312; sickness and president of conference, 258; re­ death of, 813-314 turns to Mount Vernon, 259; in­ Washington, Colonel Henry, holds tense interest of, in discussions Worcester for the king, 14, 48- of Constitution, 259; congratu­ 49. lations of. to Chastellux on mar­ Washington, John. emigration of, riage,. 260; reluctance of, to ac­ to Virginia, 14-15; ancestry of, cept presidency, 261; accepts 14-15; settlementof,in "NOIth­ . presidency, 262; bids farewell ern Neck" of Virginia, 16--17 ; to his mother. 265; leaves Mount life of, in-Virginia,4O; fortunes Vernon, 265; feelings of, on lea v­ of descendants of,4O, ing home, 266; financial troubles Washington, Rev. Lawrence, rec­ of, 267; journey of,to New York, tor of Pnrleigh, 15, 41. 267; present journey contrasted Washington, Lawrence, emigrant with former ones, 267; welcome to Virginia, 14-15; ancestry of, of, in New York, 268; takes oath 14-15; settlement of, in "North­ of office, 269; emotion of, dUI'ing ern Neck" of Virginia, 16--17. inaugural address, 270-271; in­ W ashington,La wrence (half-broth­ experience of, in administration, er of George), estate and educa­ 272-273; fitness of, for office, tion of, 46 ; service of, at Carta­ 273; dignity of, in· office, 274- gena, 47; in the storming of 276 ; illness of, 277; famililll'ity Fort San Lazaro, 48; head of of, with affairs of ~overnment, the family and a(ljutnnt - gen­ 278; choice of cabmet by, 278; eral of the colonial militia, 48 ; care of, in federal appointments, marriage of, 48-49 ; member of 281; makes tour of eastel'n states, the HOllse of Burgesses, 50; in­ 281- 282; sympathy of, with fluence of, upon George, 50-53, Hamilton's policy, 284; attitude 57; illness and death of, 57; of, towards French Revolution, makes George his executor and 290-291, 292, 296; object in na­ residuary legatee, 57-58 ; mem­ tional policy of, 291; sanctions her of Ohio Company. 61; presi­ National Bank, 294; frontier dent of Ohio Company, 64; cor­ policy of, 295 ; neutrality of, be­ respondence of, with Dinwiddie, tween France and England, 297; 64. frustrutes plans of Genet, 298; Washington, Lund, 181 ; manage­ demands I'ecall of Genet, 300; ment of MOllnt Vernon by, 233. elected to second term,301; sends Washington, Martha, outings of, John Jay to England, 302; puts with Washington, 111 ; at Wash­ down Whiskey Rebellion, 303; inglon's headquarters at Cam­ favors Jay's treaty with Eng­ bridge, 184; at Valley Forge,190. land, 305; abuse of, by the peo­ Washington, Mary, courtship and ple,305; behavior of,underabuse, marriage of, 47; keeps George 306; wisdom of, recognized, 306; from going to sea, 51; attends attempts reconciliation of Ham­ hall witll Washington, 228; ilton and Jefferson, 807; declines Washington's deference to, 229; .third term, 308; farewell address Washington bids farewell to, of, 808; emotion of. on retire­ 265. ment from office, 809; retires to Washingtons, the, fortunes of, in Mount Vernon, 309-810; connec­ the Northern Neck, 39-40. tions of, with public life, 310; Wentworth, commander of land treatment of old coml'ade by, forces at Cartagena, 47. INDEX 333

West Point, Arnold tries to be­ Wilson, James, appointed to Su­ tray, 207. preme Court, 281. Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsyl­ Winchester, Wasbington on busi­ vania and Virginia. 803. ness concerning General Forbes Whitehall Ferry, Washington at, at, 100. 226. WoIre, General, tskes command White House, Washington's stsy against Quebec, 98: takes Que- at. 102. bec,95. - White Plains. skirmish at, 190. Worcester, Colonel Henry Wash­ William and Mary. College of, 80; ington at, 14, 48-49. chiefly founded by James Blair, Wythe, George, referred to, in 86. connection with debate of Stsmp Williamsburg,_ Virginia's chief Act, 130: referred to, 135: ap­ town, 6 : WasbiII gton belated pointed delegate to Philadelphia at, by courting, 100: Washing. conference, 257. ton and wife at, 102: Dunmore lands troops at. 171. YORKTOWN, Virginia,· Cornwallis Will's Creek, Ohio Company's arrives at,208: Cornwallis's sur­ post at, 62: Captain Innes builds render at, 209. Fort Cumberlnnd at, 78. Youn!!', Arthur, correspondence of, with Washington, 260.

THE END