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System Buses EE2222 Computer Interfacing and Microprocessors
System Buses EE2222 Computer Interfacing and Microprocessors Partially based on Computer Organization and Architecture by William Stallings Computer Electronics by Thomas Blum 2020 EE2222 1 Connecting • All the units must be connected • Different type of connection for different type of unit • CPU • Memory • Input/Output 2020 EE2222 2 CPU Connection • Reads instruction and data • Writes out data (after processing) • Sends control signals to other units • Receives (& acts on) interrupts 2020 EE2222 3 Memory Connection • Receives and sends data • Receives addresses (of locations) • Receives control signals • Read • Write • Timing 2020 EE2222 4 Input/Output Connection(1) • Similar to memory from computer’s viewpoint • Output • Receive data from computer • Send data to peripheral • Input • Receive data from peripheral • Send data to computer 2020 EE2222 5 Input/Output Connection(2) • Receive control signals from computer • Send control signals to peripherals • e.g. spin disk • Receive addresses from computer • e.g. port number to identify peripheral • Send interrupt signals (control) 2020 EE2222 6 What is a Bus? • A communication pathway connecting two or more devices • Usually broadcast (all components see signal) • Often grouped • A number of channels in one bus • e.g. 32 bit data bus is 32 separate single bit channels • Power lines may not be shown 2020 EE2222 7 Bus Interconnection Scheme 2020 EE2222 8 Data bus • Carries data • Remember that there is no difference between “data” and “instruction” at this level • Width is a key determinant of performance • 8, 16, 32, 64 bit 2020 EE2222 9 Address bus • Identify the source or destination of data • e.g. CPU needs to read an instruction (data) from a given location in memory • Bus width determines maximum memory capacity of system • e.g. -
Control Bus System and Application of Building Electric Zhai Long1*, Tan Bin2, Ren Min3 1.Xi’An Changqing Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710018 ,China 2
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Control Bus System And Application of Building Electric Zhai Long1*, Tan Bin2, Ren Min3 1.Xi’an Changqing Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710018 ,China 2. Xi'an Changqing Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710018,China 3.The Fifth Oil Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018,China ABSTRACT As the most important part of Building construction, the KEYWORDS electric part 's intelligent control is particularly important. the most Building electric important sign of The intelligent intelligent control is the application of Control Bus System control bus system, only select the appropriate control bus system, and CAN protocol achieve intelligent applications in buildings, elevators, fire, visualization, etc., can meet the household needs. Firstly, the design principle of the electrical control system will be described, and then the CAN - based bus system control principle and application are discussed, only used for reference. 1.Design Principles of Electric Control System Introduction As a primary prerequisite for intelligent building, For construction, the electric bus control technology is a Design of electrical control system should meet the relatively new technology. under the trend of the following principles: development of intelligent building in the future, application (1) It is needed to ensure meeting the needs under of control bus system has become the most important normal production environment . the mainstay of component of intelligent building . In the construction of the electrical system is designed to meet the production machinery and production process requirements. (2) building, the control bus system can not only make The overall design concept should be clear. -
Download the • Event Information Is Stored As a Separate File
AAAATMANIRBHARTTMANIRBHARTAA BYBY HALHAL ONEONE STOPSTOP SOLUTIONSOLUTION FORFOR ALLALL AEROSPAEROSPACEACE NEEDSNEEDS OVERHAUL/UPGRADE • HAL has produced over 4200 • ISO 9001 "Navratna" Company aircraft & over 5200 engines, • ISO 14000 • About 25,000 Employees including 17 types of indigenous • Turnover more than • AS 9100D design. 2.8 Billion USD • HAL has also overhauled over 11000 • NADCAP • Listed Company on BSE aircraft and 33000 engines Certifications and NSE OVERHAUL/UPGRADE To achieve self reliance in design, development, manufacture, upgrade To become a and maintenance of aerospace equipment, diversifying significant into related areas and managing the business in a climate of growing global player in professional competence to achieve world class performance the aerospace standards for global competitiveness and growth in exports. industry. 3 CONTENT 9 TEJAS-LCA 32 AFCC 10 HTT-40 11 DHRUV 12 LCH 13 LUH 14 RUDRA 15 JAGUAR UPGRADE AIRCRAFT FLIGHT CONTROL PLATFORMS PAGE 6 PAGE 17 SYSTEM PAGE 33 ABOUT HAL PAGE 9 Communication, PAGE 31 Navigation & RECORDING Identification SYSTEM systems 6 THE COMPANY 18 DACS 34 SSDVRS 7 PRODUCTION CENTRES 19 ACS 235 35 CVFDR 8 DESIGN COMPLEX 20 SoftNet Radio 36 SSFDR 21 SCDLU 37 CPMM 22 VACS 38 SSFDR/CVR 23 MNS 24 VOR/ILS 25 ADVANCED TACAN 26 RAM 2700A 27 IFFT-2460ALH1 28 IFFI-3400A 29 CIT 30 AIS 4 CONTENT 42 Mission Computer for Mirage 2000 68 TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT (TRU) 43 Jaguar Darin III 69 AC POWER MANAGEMENT & DISTRIBUTION Mission Computer S YSTEM 44 Mission Computer (MC) 70 ALTERNATOR CONTROL -
An Introduction to Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems
AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Tyler Ross Lambert MECH 4240/4250 Supplementary Information Last Revision: 6/7/2017 5:30 PM Summary Embedded systems in robotics are the framework that allows electro-mechanical systems to be implemented into modern machines. The key aspects of this framework are C programming in embedded controllers, circuits for interfacing microcontrollers with sensors and actuators, and proper filtering and control of those hardware components. This document will cover the basics of C/C++ programming, including the basics of the C language in hardware interfacing, communication, and algorithms for state machines and controllers. In order to interface these controllers with the world around us, this document will also cover electrical circuits required to operate controllers, sensors, and actuators accurately and effectively. Finally, some of the more commonly used hardware that is interfaced with microcontrollers is gone over. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Numbering Systems .......................................................................................................................... 5 3. Variable Types and Memory............................................................................................................. 6 4. Basic C/C++ Notes and Code::Blocks ............................................................................................. -
PDP-11 Bus Handbook (1979)
The material in this document is for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Digital Equipment Corpo ration assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors which appear in, this document or for any use made as a result thereof. By publication of this document, no licenses or other rights are granted by Digital Equipment Corporation by implication, estoppel or otherwise, under any patent, trademark or copyright. Copyright © 1979, Digital Equipment Corporation The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DIGITAL PDP UNIBUS DEC DECUS MASSBUS DECtape DDT FLIP CHIP DECdataway ii CONTENTS PART 1, UNIBUS SPECIFICATION INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 Scope ............................................. 1 Content ............................................ 1 UNIBUS DESCRIPTION ................................................................ 1 Architecture ........................................ 2 Unibus Transmission Medium ........................ 2 Bus Terminator ..................................... 2 Bus Segment ....................................... 3 Bus Repeater ....................................... 3 Bus Master ........................................ 3 Bus Slave .......................................... 3 Bus Arbitrator ...................................... 3 Bus Request ....................................... 3 Bus Grant ......................................... 3 Processor .......................................... 4 Interrupt Fielding Processor ......................... -
Digital Preservation Guide: 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks Caralie Heinrichs And
DIGITAL PRESERVATION GUIDE: 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks Digital Preservation Guide: 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks Caralie Heinrichs and Emilie Vandal ISI 6354 University of Ottawa Jada Watson Friday, December 13, 2019 DIGITAL PRESERVATION GUIDE 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 History of the Floppy Disk ......................................................................................................................... 3 Where, when, and by whom was it developed? 3 Why was it developed? 4 How Does a 3.5-inch Floppy Disk Work? ................................................................................................. 5 Major parts of a floppy disk 5 Writing data on a floppy disk 7 Preservation and Digitization Challenges ................................................................................................. 8 Physical damage and degradation 8 Hardware and software obsolescence 9 Best Practices ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Storage conditions 10 Description and documentation 10 Creating a disk image 11 Ensuring authenticity: Write blockers 11 Ensuring reliability: Sustainability of the disk image file format 12 Metadata 12 Virus scanning 13 Ensuring integrity: checksums 13 Identifying personal or sensitive information 13 Best practices: Use of hardware and software 14 Hardware -
Introductory Microcontroller Programming
Introductory Microcontroller Programming by Peter Alley A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Robotics Engineering May 2011 Prof. William Michalson Advisor Prof. Taskin Padir Prof. Susan Jarvis Committee member Committee member Abstract This text is a treatise on microcontroller programming. It introduces the ma- jor peripherals found on most microcontrollers, including the usage of them, focusing on the ATmega644p in the AVR family produced by Atmel. Gen- eral information and background knowledge on several topics is also presented. These topics include information regarding the hardware of a microcontroller and assembly code as well as instructions regarding good program structure and coding practices. Examples with code and discussion are presented throughout. This is intended for hobbyists and students desiring knowledge on programming microcontrollers, and is written at a level that students entering the junior level core robotics classes would find useful. Contents Preface i 1 What is a Microcontroller? 1 1.1 Micro-processors, -computers, -controllers . .1 1.1.1 Microprocessor . .1 1.1.2 Microcomputer . .2 1.1.3 Microcontroller . .2 1.2 Memory Models . .3 1.2.1 Von Neumann . .3 1.2.2 Harvard Architecture . .4 1.2.3 Modified Harvard Architecture . .5 1.3 The Stack . .6 1.4 Conclusion . .7 2 Datasheets, SFRs and Libraries 9 2.1 Datasheets . .9 2.1.1 Part Name . 10 2.1.2 Description and Operation . 10 2.1.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings . 11 2.1.4 Electrical Characteristics . 12 2.1.5 Physical Characteristics . -
Power Supplies for Military Ground Vehicles P 18 P 26 Interview with Paul Hart, Chief Technology Officer (CTO) for Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions
@military_cots McHale Mergers & safety critical market 5 Special Report GPS-denied environments 14 Mil Tech Trends ARM for hi-rel applications 22 Industry Spotlight Avionics display standards 34 MIL-EMBEDDED.COM Nov/Dec 2016 | Volume 12 | Number 8 Power supplies for military ground vehicles P 18 P 26 Interview with Paul Hart, chief technology officer (CTO) for Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions Implementing FACE-conformant systems P 30 Embedded Solutions for the next 25 years Size = 70mm x 30mm Acromag Redefines SWaP-C with our New AcroPack® I/O Platform The AcroPack® product line updates our popular Industry Pack I/O modules by Weight = .05 oz. avg using the mPCIe interface format. We added 19mm and a 100 pin connector to provide up to 50 isolated rear I/O signals, giving you a tremendous amount of and capability on an Extremely Small Footprint - Without Cabling! Power = <5 watts per module Designed for COTS applications, these general purpose I/O modules deliver high-speed and high-resolution A/D and D/A, digital I/O, serial communication, - and re-configurable FPGA functions. Whether it’s server-based lab activities, flight Cost = Starting at $310 or ship-based test systems, if you are looking for that ever-shrinking form factor of I/O that allows you to get one step ahead, contact Acromag to discuss how AcroPacks can help you with tomorrow’s applications, today. Key Features Include: ▪ A/D, D/A, serial, digital I/O, counter/timers and FPGA ▪ Low-power consumption ▪ Solid-state electronics ▪ -40 to 85°C standard operating temperature -
High-Speed Datalink Connectors and Cables for Ethernet-Grade Protocols
High-Speed Datalink Connectors and Cables for Ethernet-Grade Protocols Preface: Essential Science and Specifications for High-Speed Datalink Protocols Key information and vocabulary for electrical wire interconnect system engineers designing for high-speed applications Preface: Bandwidth vs. Data Rate (Bits vs. Hertz) . Data Rate: The number of BITS transmitted per unit time. This includes data compression via specialized integrated circuits . Bandwidth: Frequency of the carrier wave Preface: USB 3.1 (Gen 2) vs. 10G-BaseT Ethernet Interconnect selection depends on protocol specifications USB 3.1 10G Ethernet . Data Rate: 10 Gb/s . Data rate: 10 Gb/s . Simplex communication for . Full duplex over 4 pairs. transmit / receive . Up to 500 MHz of bandwidth, . Up to 7.5 GHz bandwidth, 100 ohm 90 ohm . 100 m typical max length, . 5 m typical max length, point-to-point link 6 mated pairs . Powered . Unpowered Preface: Common Ethernet and other High-Speed Signal Protocols Ethernet Mil/Aero Data Bus Peripherals/Display/Video . 10-BaseT . MIL-STD-1553 . USB 2.0/3.0 and SATA . 100-BaseT . CANBUS . DVI/HDMI/Displayport . SMPTE HD/3G-SDI . 1000-BaseT . MIL-STD-1760 . ARINC 818 Video . 10G-BaseT . ARINC-429 . Serial Rapid I/O (sRIO) . IEEE-1394 (Firewire) . FiberChannel . ARINC-664 . PCI Express (PCIe) . Aurora (Xilinx serial I/O) . SGMII / XGMII . Serialized 1 & 10GB Ethernet Preface: Data Protocols: Bandwidth and Distance DVI, HDMI HD/3G-SDI log log Preface: Copper vs. Fiber: Bandwidth and Distance log log Preface: Why is Ethernet so Prevalent? . Ethernet permits lots of data to be efficiently moved (low-bandwidth) over copper cabling . -
Integrated Onboard Networking for Ima2g
INTEGRATED ONBOARD NETWORKING FOR IMA2G Yuriy Sheynin*, Elena Suvorova*, Valentin Bukov**, Vladimir Shurman** *) Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation **) PLC Scientific and Research Institute of Avionic Equipment Zshukovsky, Moscow Region, Russian Federation Keywords: IMA2G, SpaceWire, Zero Maintenance Equipment, Integrated Networking Architecture Abstract Tools) project, [1] has shown, the AFDX The article presents developments of be the IMA2G integrated networking next generation onboard networking for interconnection. With its optimized for IMA2G that is based on the SpaceWire/GigaSpaceWire networking throughput architecture and protocols it has poor latency para technology. The IMA2G prospective vision requirements of time-critical fast-loop could be further strengthen by its integration applications where low latency is the with the Zero Maintenance Equipment (ZME) concepts. The article describes the SpaceWire predominant requirement. As a result, for such based backbone network as an integral parts of the distributed on-board architecture interconnection for IMA2G, gives examples with low latency & short period of applying typical avionics subsystems on requirements, the AFDX networking is SpaceWire based interconnection. reduced to so-called LC-AFDX (Low Capacity AFDX), [2], Field-bus in fact, reduced from scalable switch-based networking back to point-to- 1 Introduction point interconnections. An IMA2G networking technology should IMA2G should cover broader scope of support broad scalability in all domains: in avionics units and subsystems not only data number of nodes, in data rates, in throughput, computing resources. It should move to in latency constraints. Scalability should not distributed computing entity (unlike typically only give a way for reconfiguration, central computing resources in IMA1G), and increase(decrease) number of nodes and cover command/control, signal processing, IO integrated avionics resources gain, but resources also . -
PCI/104-Express & Pcie/104 Specification
PCI/104-Express™ & PCIe/104™ Specification Including OneBank™ and Adoption on 104™, EPIC™, and EBX™ Form Factors Version 3.0 February 17, 2015 Please Note: This specification is subject to change without notice. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained within this document, the PC/104 Consortium shall under no circumstances be liable for incidental or consequential damages or related expenses resulting from the use of this specification. If errors are found, please notify the PC/104 Consortium. The PC/104 logo, PC/104, PC/104-Plus, PCI-104, PCIe/104, PCI/104-Express, 104, OneBank, EPIC and EBX are trademarks of the PC/104 Consortium. All other marks are the property of their respective companies. Copyright 2007 - 2015, PC/104 Consortium IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND DISCLAIMERS The PC/104 Consortium (“Consortium”) makes no warranties with regard to this PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 Specifications (“Specifications”) and, in particular, neither warrant nor represent that these Specifications or any products made in conformance with them will work in the intended manner. Nor does the Consortium assume responsibility for any errors that the Specifications may contain or have any liabilities or obligations for damages including, but not limited to, special, incidental, indirect, punitive, or consequential damages whether arising from or in connection with the use of these Specifications in any way. This specification is subject to change without notice. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained within this document, the publishers shall under no circumstances be liable for incidental or consequential damages or related expenses resulting from the use of this specification. -
Hard Disk Drive Specifications Models: 2R015H1 & 2R010H1
Hard Disk Drive Specifications Models: 2R015H1 & 2R010H1 P/N:1525/rev. A This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein – which will be incorporated in revised editions of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements in the product(s) described in this publication at any time and without notice. Copyright © 2001 Maxtor Corporation. All rights reserved. Maxtor®, MaxFax® and No Quibble Service® are registered trademarks of Maxtor Corporation. Other brands or products are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Corporate Headquarters 510 Cottonwood Drive Milpitas, California 95035 Tel: 408-432-1700 Fax: 408-432-4510 Research and Development Center 2190 Miller Drive Longmont, Colorado 80501 Tel: 303-651-6000 Fax: 303-678-2165 Before You Begin Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800- 2MAXTOR or 408-922-2085. Before unpacking the hard drive, please review Sections 1 through 4. CAUTION Maxtor hard drives are precision products. Failure to follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to product failure, damage and invalidation of all warranties. 1 BEFORE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electro-static discharge (ESD) precautions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone drives are sensitive to ESD damage. 2 BEFORE removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room temperature.