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Plants Consumed by Lagothrix Lago

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Plants Consumed by Lagothrix Lago © 2019 Universidad Científica del Perú Ciencia amazónica (Iquitos) 7 (1), 93 - 110 http://dx.doi.org/10.22386/ca.v7i1.267 Artículo original Plantas consumidas por Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha Humboldt, 1812 en la Amazonía peruana [Plants consumed by Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha Humboldt, 1812 in the peruvian Amazon] Milagros Natalia Rimachi-Taricuarima*1, Juan Jesús Pérez-Gardini1, Emérita Rosabel Tirado-Herrera2, Ricardo Zárate-Gómez3, Linder Felipe Mozombite-Pinto3 1. Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (SERNANP). Calle Napo N° 1122, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú. Correos electrónicos: [email protected] (M. N. Rimachi-Taricuarima * Autor para correspondencia), [email protected] (J. J. Pérez-Gardini). 2. Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Campus Universitario Zungarococha, San Juan Bautista, Loreto, Perú. Correo electrónico: [email protected] (E. R. Tirado-Herrera). 3. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. Coordinación de Investigación en Cambio Climático Desarrollo Territorial y Ambiente. Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, San Juan Bautista, Maynas, Loreto, Perú. Correos electrónicos: [email protected] (R. Zárate-Gómez), [email protected] (L. F. Mozombite-Pinto). Resumen Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha es una especie bioindicadora de la Amazonía, forma parte de la dieta de las comunidades indígenas, gente rural y urbana. L. l. lagotricha cumple una función ecológica como dispersor de semillas, por eso es im- portante conocer qué ítems y especies vegetales consume en esta parte de la Amazonía. En este estudio se identificaron las especies de plantas y partes de las plantas consumidas por L. l. lagotricha en un bosque tropical primario, al margen izquierdo del río Lagartococha, al noreste del Perú, en el Parque Nacional Güeppí-Sekime (PNGS). Se observó a la especie durante 485 horas desde junio a setiembre del 2017. Se identificaron 20 ítems vegetales, incluidos en 8 grupos vegetales: hoja, fruto, infrutescencia, flor, inflorescencia, resina, raíz y tallo; siendo las más importantes: mesocarpo 26,28%, hoja completa 26,28%, endocarpo 10,22% y semilla 9,49%, así como también, un total de 109 especies de plantas, agrupadas en 42 familias, de los cuales las familias más consumidas fueron: Arecaceae, Fabaceae y Araceae. Esta primera investiga- ción, aporta en la comprensión de la dieta alimenticia y las especies de plantas consumidas por L. l. lagotricha, los cuales, nos dan un alcance del papel ecológico de la especie en la estructura del bosque amazónico. Además, esta investigación puede ser utilizada como base para el inicio de otras investigaciones, como estudios de dispersión y depredación de se- millas. Palabras clave: Dieta, Mono choro, Reserva Nacional Güeppí-Sekime, Relación planta – mono. Abstract Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha is an important bioindicator species of the Peruvian Amazon. Its flesh comprises part of the diet of communities ranging from indigenous to rural and urban. L. l. lagotricha fulfills an important ecological function as a seed disperser. For this reason, it is imperative to know which items and plant species it consumes in this part of the Amazon. This study identified plant species and their corresponding parts consumed byL. l. lagotricha. The location of this study is in the Güeppí-Sekime National Park (PNGS) in primary rainforest on the eastern shore of the Lagartococha River, northeastern Peru. A group of 19 individuals were observed for 485 hours from June 2017 to September 2017. A total of 20 plant items were identified and they included 8 edible vegetative items: leaf, fruit, infructescence, flower, inflorescence, resin, root and stem. The most important food items were: mesocarp 26,28%, entire leaves 26,28%, endocarp 10,22% and seeds 9,49%. The most consumed out of a total of 98 plant species, grouped into 42 families, were: Arecaceae, Faba- ceae y Araceae. This is the first study that contributes to the understanding of the diet and plant species consumed by L. l. lagotricha, which gives us an idea of the ecological role of the species in the complex structure of the Amazon forest. In addition, this research can be used as a basis for initiating other research, such as studies of seed dispersal and predation. Keywords: Diet, Güeppí-Sekime National Reserve, Plant - monkey relationship, Woolly monkey. Recibido: 25 de abril del 2019 93 Aceptado para publicación: 26 de octubre del 2019 Rimachi - Taricuarima et al. Plantas consumidas por Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha INTRODUCCIÓN tuación vulnerable según la UICN (UICN, 2017) y en el apéndice II según CITES (CITES, 2016), El mono choro, woolly monkeys o churuco (La- la terrible situación se debe a la comercialización gothrix spp.), es uno de los cuatro géneros de de su carne como “carne del monte”, sucede primates de gran tamaño en Sudamérica que tanto en zonas étnicas, rurales y pre-urbanas, forma parte de la familia Atelidae (Ruiz et al., otra cosa común es el tráfico de las crías como 2014). El género contiene dos especies: La- mascotas (Alverson et al., 2008). La disminu- gothrix flavicauda y Lagothrix lagotricha, este ción de sus poblaciones se debe también a la último contiene un complejo de especies o perdida de hábitat originado por la comerciali- subespecies: L. l. lagotricha, L. l. lugens, L. l. zación de madera (Bravo, 2010). Entonces para poeppigii y L. l. cana (Ruiz-García et al., 2010; contribuir con la generación de información Botero et al., 2015), su taxón aún sigue siendo para la conservación y manejo de esta especie, estudiado debido a la complejidad existente. en el presente trabajo se planteó el objetivo de Los monos choros viven en grupos de 15 a 50 conocer las especies de plantas que consume L. individuos, existen varios machos y hembras por l. lagotricha en la Parque Nacional Güeppí-Se- grupo de diferentes edades, estos habitan en kime. bosques de colina, terrazas, bosques de transi- ción de terraza, bosques inundables y ribereños (Defler, 1996), también se encuentran en terra- MATERIALES Y MÉTODO zas altas, medianas y bajas, como los aguaja- les mixtos (Aquino & Bodmer 2004). Su hábitat Área de estudio es exclusivo de bosques primarios (Aquino y Encarnación, 1994; Defler, 2003b) son prima- La presente investigación se desarrolló al nores- tes de alimentación frugívora exclusivamente, te del Perú, en el Parque Nacional Güeppí-Se- kime – PNGS, en el Departamento de Loreto, acompañado a la dieta de frutos resaltan las Distrito de Teniente Manuel Clavero, Provincia hojas y las flores (Soini 1990) y usan los estra- de Maynas. Nos transportamos en bote desde la tos más altos del bosque para sus actividades ciudad de Iquitos hasta el Centro Poblado Cabo (Aquino y Encarnación, 1994). Lagothrix lago- Pantoja, para luego dirigirnos al Puesto de Vi- tricha lagotricha se distribuye por Ecuador, Co- gilancia Airo Pai, ubicado al margen izquierdo lombia, Brasil y Perú (Di Fiore et al., 2014). del río Lagartococha. El área de estudio se en- cuentra a día y medio del puesto de vigilancia, La ecología de Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha en bote con motor de 9 HP. Existen tres co- ha sido ampliamente estudiada en Colombia, munidades cercanas a nuestra área de estudio: Ecuador y Brasil (Di Fiore, 2003; Stevenson et Dos fronteras, Cabo Pantoja y Puerto Estrella al., 1994; Cant et al., 2001; Paéz, 2009; Defler, (comunidad nativa). En las coordenadas geo- 1996; Stevenson, 2006; Gonzáles & Stevenson, gráficas: -0,31291; -75,46333. El movimiento 2010; Peres, 1994; Defler y Defler, 1996; Ste- económico de las comunidades se basa en la venson et al., 1997), en Amazonía peruana hay caza, la pesca, la agricultura y el comercio, sin algunos estudios correspondientes a sus con- embargo, ninguna de ellas sobresale. El área géneres, (Leo, 1982; Soini, 1990; Celino, 2013; de estudio comprende tres tipos de hábitats: Aquino et al., 2015; Aquino et al., 2016), con bosque inundable de palmeras, bosque de te- respecto a la subespecie tenemos estudios he- rraza baja inundable y bosque de colina baja (MINAM, 2015). Presenta una topografía colino- matológicos y parasitológicos (Rodriguez, 2012; sa, con un complejo de lagunas y quebradas de Guerrero et al., 2012). aguas negras; los suelos fueron de textura fina del tipo acrisoles, hidromorfos histosoles de mal L. l. lagotricha es una especie que se en- drenaje, donde predominan palmeras de Mau- cuentra en peligro según el decreto supremo ritia flexuosa (Alverson et al., 2008, Rodríguez N°004-2014-MINAGRI (MINAGRI, 2014), en si- et al.,1991). Las precipitaciones anuales varían Cienc amaz (Iquitos) 2019; 7(1): 93 - 110 94 Rimachi - Taricuarima et al. Plantas consumidas por Lagothrix lagotricha lagotricha Figura 1. Mapa del área de estudio en el Parque Nacional Güeppí-Sekime, Loreto, Perú. de 1916-3420 mm con temperaturas medias del grupo, ya para los siguientes meses las ob- de 23-26°C (Climate-da- te.org). El área se en- servaciones fueron de 12 horas por día, desde cuentra conservada, con baja abundancia y alta las 6:00 hasta las 18:00 horas, 5 días a la sema- diversidad de especies (Figura 1). na y tres semanas por mes. Grupo de Lagothrix lagotricha lagotri- Plantas consumidas cha Humboldt, 1812 estudiado Las plantas consumidas por el grupo estudiado Conformado por 19 individuos, en el que se se marcaron con cinta flaying y en ella un códi- distinguen: 2 machos adultos, 2 hembras adul- go, éste iba anotado en un cuaderno de apun- tas, 1 hembra y 1 macho subadulto, además tes, indicando el hábito de la planta, una breve 11 juveniles y 2 crías. Al macho subadulto se descripción de esta, la parte consumida y se le denominó “Juanjo”, este tenía una coloración marcó la coordenada con un GPS. Al final de la marrón oscura, a la del resto del grupo, además investigación, se realizó el proceso de herbori- en la tercera parte distal de su cola, tenía un zación e identificación de las muestras.
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