Subaru Telescope: Current Instruments and Plans for Near-Future

Ikuru Iwata (Subaru Telescope, NAOJ) New Development Group Scientist

Photo by Enrico Sacchetti Current Subaru Instruments Primary Suprime-Cam FMOS

NsOpt HDS NsIR AO188 IRCS CsOpt HiCIAO FOCAS SCExAO Kyoto 3DII CsIR MOIRCS COMICS Optical Instruments

• FOCAS: Imaging, Multi-Object Spectroscopy, Polarization • FOV: 6’Φ, 0.10”/pix, R=250 - 7,500 (0.4” slit) • HDS: High-Dispersion Spectrograph • R=100,000 (0.38” slit), 0.14”/pix • Image Slicer: 0.3” x 5 opened in S11B • Suprime-Cam: Wide-Field Imaging • FOV: 34’ x 27’, 0.20”/pix

• Kyoto 3D II: Three-Dimensional Spectroscopy • Fabry-Perot: FOV: 1.9‘x1.9’, 0.056”/pix, IFS: FOV: 3.4”x3.4”, 0.094”/pix Infrared Instruments

• COMICS: Mid-IR Imaging and Spectroscopy • λ=8 - 25μm, FOV: 42”x32”, 0.13”/pix • FMOS: Near-IR Fiber Multi-Object Spectroscopy • 400 fibers, λ=0.9 - 1.8μm, FOV: 30’Φ, R= 500 & 2,200 • IRCS: Near-IR Imaging and Spectroscopy with AO • λ=0.9-5.5μm, FOV: 21” (20mas/pix), 54” (52mas/pix), R: 100-2,000 (grism), ~20,000 (echelle) • MOIRCS: Near-IR Wide-field Imaging and MOS • λ=0.9-2.5μm, FOV: 4’x7’, 0.12”/pix • AO188 / LGS: Adaptive Optics System with Laser Guide Star

• HiCIAO: High-Contrast Coronagraph • λ=0.85-2.5μm, FOV: 20”x10” (DI, PDI), 5”x5” (SDI), 1e-5.5 contrast at r=1” Slide by H. Takami Two Outstanding Features among 8-10m Telescopes

1. Prime Focus 2. Good Image Quality Prime Focus Capability of Wide-Field Imaging and Spectroscopy Suprime-Cam FMOS

• Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph • 400 Fibers over 30’ Φ Field-of-View • 0.9 - 1.8 μm • OH Suppression with Mask Mirror FMOS Slide by N. Tamura Image Quality

• Stable Atmosphere above Mauna Kea • Enclosure Designed for Thermal Control and Smooth Air Flow • Active Mirror Support Image Quality MOIRCS - JHK Image of Orion Nebula

FWHM=0.18” SEEDS: Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru

• The First ‘Strategic’ Program: 120 nights over 5 years • AO188 + HiCIAO (High Contrast Coronagraph in NIR) • PI: Motohide Tamura (NAOJ)

GJ758 (Sun-like Star) GJ758B: 10-40MJ at 30AU

Thalmann et al. ApJL, 707, 123 (2009) Slide by M. Tamura New Instruments SCExAO: Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO

• 1k MEMS, PIAA Coronagraph to Reach <1e-6 at R<0.5” • Upgrade to AO188 + HiCIAO • PI-Type Instrument, PI: Oliver Guyon (Subaru / Univ. of Arizona) • Engineering Observation Just Initiated SCExAO Day-Time Engineering, Dec. 2010

AO188

SCExAO HiCIAO Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)

• Expand the Survey Capability in Imaging at Optical Wavelength • 1.5 deg. Φ Field-of-View • Fully-Depleted 116 CCDs

• Commissioning in 2011 Slide by S. Miyazaki Slide by S. Miyazaki Slide by S. Miyazaki Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS)

• 2,400 Fibers over 1.5 deg. Φ • PI: H. Murayama (IPMU, Univ. Tokyo) • International Collaboration with Caltech/JPL, LAM (Marseille), Brazil, Princeton etc. • Explore the Nature of Dark Energy with Baryon Acoustic Oscillation • Partially Funded; Currently Under Conceptual Design • Based on Caltech / JPL Plan of WFMOS in 2008-2009 • Wide-wavelength Spectrograph: 0.4 - 1.3μm Slide by R. Ellis Slide by J. Gunn HSC and PFS Impact on Operation

• These Prime-Focus instruments may require more than 1 day for exchange • It will become more difficult to change instruments frequently • Large ‘Strategic’ programs - Dark nights may be occupied by HSC and PFS • Decommission of FOCAS should be discussed • Fewer time would be available for HDS Other On-going / Proposed New PI-type Instruments

• IRD (InfraRed Doppler) for Exoplanet Search (PI: M. Tamura (NAOJ)) • 1.2 - 1.8μm, R=70,000, Astrocomb, FY2014 • RAVEN: MOAO Demonstrator (UVic, HIA) • 2 Science Channels / DMs, 3 NGS + 1 LGS?, 0.9 - 2.5μm, 2013-2015 • Two Infrared Instruments for TAO 6.5m at Chile (Univ. Tokyo) • First Light / Initial Science with Subaru, 2013? • SWIMS: 0.9-1.4 + 1.4-2.5μm Simultaneous Imaging / Spectroscopy • MIMIZUKU: 2-38μ, Two Field Simultaneous Imaging / Spectroscopy Current Instrument Plan Future Instrument Candidates

• Subaru Advisory Committee Recommendation in 2009: • Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectrograph ➡ PFS • Wide-Field Near-IR Camera • Multi-Object + Integral-Field Spectrograph assisted by AO ➡ Next-Gen AO / NIR Instrument? • New Mid-infrared Instrument New Near-IR Instrument with Next-Gen AO?

• Ground-Layer Adaptive Optics with Deformable Secondary Mirror • Wide-Field (>10 arcmin Φ) Multi-Object Spectroscopy

• Multi-Object Adaptive Optics • Integral-Field Spectroscopy for Multiple Objects

We are going to make a proposal by the end of FY2011. Time Exchange Program with Gemini and Keck

• 5 - 10 Nights per Semester with Gemini Observatory (North and South) • ~5 Nights per Semester with Keck Telescope (I and II) • Access to Unique Instruments • Access to the Southern Hemisphere • Possibility of Coordinated Instrument Development S11B: 10 proposals, 24 nights GMOS,NIFS, GNIRS, T-ReCS

Slide by H. Takami Synergy with Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)

• TMT: Superb Depth, Image Resolution • Subaru: Wide-Field Survey Summary

• Subaru Telescope’s Strength: • Wide-Field Capability • Image Quality • Strategy toward 2020: • Expand Wide-Field Capability with Hyper Suprime-Cam and Prime-Focus Spectrograph • ‘Strategic’ Programs with These Powerful New Instruments • ‘Mauna Kea Synergy’ • Synergy with Other Telescopes at Mauna Kea (e.g., Gemini, Keck) • Synergy with TMT

Backup Slides FMOS Spectrograph Slide by O. Guyon SCExAO Optical Design

Slide by O. Guyon Slide by R. Ellis Slide by T. Miyata Slide by K. Motohara MOIRCS Upgrade

• Integral-Field Units • H2RG

• Now Fund-raising