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Investigation of Dispersion in Uence on the Chirp Microwave Generation Using Microwave Photonic Link Without Optical Lter

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Investigation of Dispersion in Uence on the Chirp Microwave Generation Using Microwave Photonic Link Without Optical Lter Scientia Iranica D (2018) 25(6), 3584{3590 Sharif University of Technology Scientia Iranica Transactions D: Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering http://scientiairanica.sharif.edu Investigation of dispersion in uence on the chirp microwave generation using microwave photonic link without optical lter M. Singha; and S. Kumar Raghuwanshib a. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Photonic Research Laboratory (PRL), Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India. b. Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India. Received 16 February 2016; received in revised form 1 October 2016; accepted 17 December 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract. In this work, we investigate the in uence of the second-order (2OD) and third-order (3OD) dispersion terms on chirp signal generation and transmission through RF photonics; RF photonic link without any optical lter. Dispersion equations are formalised using Triple Parallel- Taylor series and Bessel function to study the link performance. Our result (eye diagrams) Intensity Modulators shows that 2OD+3OD has a signi cant impact on chirp mm-wave propagation through (TP-IM); bres of di erent lengths. In this paper, chirp mm signal is controlled at photo detector by Fibre dispersion; individual phase term of external modulators. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate RoF; that the chirp rate can be signi cantly controlled by properly choosing the type of bre in Optical sideband the experiments. We discuss the RF photonic link performance in terms of optical sideband suppression ratio suppression ratio (OPSSR), Radio Frequency Spurious Suppression Ratio (RFSSR), and (OPSSR); Bit Error Rate (BER). Theoretical results are veri ed using MATLAB Software. Radio Frequency Spurious Suppression © 2018 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved. Ratio (RFSSR). 1. Introduction cascaded optical modulators with Optical Sideband Suppression Ratio (OSSR) of 26.79 dB [8]. Zhang et RF photonics is an excellent technology for modern al. used optical carrier suppression modulation scheme RoF systems, due to its advantages like reduced size, to generate frequency quadrupler scheme with OSSR low cost, large ultra-wide bandwidth, immunity to of 20 dB [10]. Sextupling optical mm-wave signal with electromagnetic interference, no electrical-optical con- cascaded MZM (both at di erent transmission points) version, etc. [1-4]. Over the last few decades, RF was obtained with OSSR of 16 dB [11]. Optical chirp photonics generation methods such as optical injection mm-wave generation with external modulation (using locking [5,6], optical phase lock loop [7], and external cascaded or parallel MZM) has attracted many research modulation [8,9] have been reported. Li and Yao suc- groups [8-12]. Shi et al. reported a novel dual-parallel cessfully demonstrated frequency octupling using two sub-MZM in nested con guration to get sextupling microwave signal with OSSR of 26 dB [12]. In [13], a dual-parallel MZM con guration was also studied *. Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] and to obtain frequency octupling with OSSR of 17 dB. [email protected] (M. Singh) Moreover, an optical octupling mm-wave with 20 dB OSSR was proposed using 4-MZMs [14,15]. Recently, doi: 10.24200/sci.2017.4376 Raghuwanshi et al. [16] showed the application of M. Singh and S. Kumar Raghuwanshi/Scientia Iranica, Transactions D: Computer Science & ... 25 (2018) 3584{3590 3585 chirped arbitrary microwave generation in the eld of : 1 + ej22 + ej23 remote sensing application. In this work, we advocate the impact of Higher-Order Dispersion (HOD) on mm- + ej(!ot+2!RF)t+ (!ot+2!RF)L wave traveling through optical bres of di erent lengths without any electrical or optical lter. i j2 j2 The work is presented as follows: Section 2 : 1 + e 2 + e 3 includes the principle of the proposed photonic link h (without any electrical or optical lter) along with j(!ot4!RF)t+ (!ot4!RF)L + J4(m) e mathematical formulation of dispersion equation. De- tails of the experiment are provided in Section 3. j2 j2 Results are discussed in Section 4. Finally, Section 5 : 1 + e 2 + e 3 includes conclusion. + ej(!ot+4!RF)t+ (!ot+4!RF)L 2. Theoretical model i : 1 + ej22 + ej23 Figure 1 represents the schematic of the proposed RF photonic link. We have used the Optisystem Software h + J (m) ej(!ot6!RF)t+ (!ot6!RF)L (Version 13) to model our proposed link [17]. An 6 optical carrier (expressed as E0 cos !0t, where E0 and j2 j2 !0 are the amplitude and angular frequency of the : 1 + e 2 + e 3 optical carrier, respectively) from a CW laser is injected into Triple Parallel-Intensity Modulators (TP-IMs) (all + ej(!ot+6!RF)t+ (!ot+6!RF)L operating at Maximum Transmission Points (MTP)). The key advantage of using 3-parallel MZM in the pro- i j22 j23 posed link, as compared with cascaded con guration, : 1 + e + e ; (1) is more frequency multiplication, improved OSSR, and where m = VRF : is modulation depth, is the optical improved RFSSR. Due to the absence of optical lter in V 2 proposed photonic link, the system has more frequency loss within the IM, VRF is the amplitude of applied low- tunability and stability. frequency RF signal, and !RF is the angular frequency The generalized electric eld expression at the of RF signal. Now, expanding the propagation constant output of bre (by adding the transmission phase delay (!) for each optical sideband using Taylor series around the angular frequency of the optical carrier [18] [ (!0 2n!RF)L] to sidebands) is expressed as [18-22]: as follows: n j!ot+ (!0)L d E2(0; t) = :E0 3J0(m)e (! 2n! ) = (! ) + (2n! ) 3 0 RF 0 d! RF h + J (m) ej(!ot2!RF)t+ (!ot2!RF)L 1 d2 2 + (2n! )2 + (2) 2 d!2 RF where: d2 (! ) = = 2OD = group delay dispersion; 2 0 d!2 d3 (! ) = = 3OD = dispersion slope: 3 0 d!3 We followed the ITU G.655 bre manual for dispersion parameter values [23]. In order to suppress j! t+ (! )L the optical carrier, the term \J0(m):e o 0 " (in Eq. (1)) must be equal to zero. The output intensity of photodiode (at the end of the bre, i.e., z = L) is given by: I (0; t) = jE (0; t):E(0; t)j; (3) Figure 1. Representative operation of optical chirp PD 9 2 2 mm-wave generation RF photonic link without any optical lter. where is the responsivity of the photodiode. 3586 M. Singh and S. Kumar Raghuwanshi/Scientia Iranica, Transactions D: Computer Science & ... 25 (2018) 3584{3590 3. Experimental setup The experiment is set up as shown in Figure 1. An optical carrier with wavelength of 1554.7 nm is generated from a laser (Yokogawa AQ2200-136) and intensity-modulated via Triple Parallel-Intensity Mod- ulators (TP-IMs). The half voltage of the modulators is 3 V and ER is above 22 dB. The signals from three IMs are combined by OC and transmitted over bres of di erent lengths (as in Figure 2). The eye diagrams are Figure 3. Digital storage oscilloscope (experimental) measured using oscilloscope with a 60-GHz bandwidth. output of generated chirped microwave waveform due to The signal is detected by PD (UTMPDV1120RA) with continuous wave laser. Here, time (t) is in seconds. a 3 dB cut-o frequency of 30 GHz and responsivity of 0.6 A/W. Then, the generated electrical signal is (as shown in Figure 5). Also, eye height for the analysed by an Electrical Spectrum Analyser (ESA) above-mentioned cases is: 2.099E-3, 1.042E-4, 5.116E- (FSQ26). The experimentally generated chirped mi- 5, and 1.3633E-7, respectively. Clearly, the eye pattern crowave waveform (using Digital Storage Oscilloscope height is reduced with 2OD+3OD, as compared with (DSO)) by continuous wave laser is shown in Figure 3. 2OD. Moreover, simulation shows that BER for 10 km, 20 km, 30 km, and 40 km is nearly 8.24E-65, 6.12E-30, 0.000824, and 0.000326, respectively. 4. Results and discussion MATLAB results also show that the best perfor- The optical link performance is studied theoretically mance occurs for 10-km bre and the worst perfor- using both Optisystem Software (Version 13) [17] mance is shown by 40-km bre (refer to Figure 6). The and MATLAB Software. The simulation model is reason for this is that in uence of both individual 2OD set up as in Figure 1. Radio Frequency Spurious and 3OD as well as combined 2OD+3OD increases as Suppression Ratio (RFSSR) for bres of lengths 10 km, the bre length increases. 20 km, 30 km, and 40 km is calculated to be 20 dB, The in uence of 2OD, 3OD and 2OD+3OD is pre- 18 dB, 17 dB, and 15 dB, respectively (see Figure 4). sented in Table 1. Numerical studies (using MATLAB) Moreover, OSSR for the proposed RF photonic link veri ed that 3OD and 2OD had impact on the optical without optical lter is noted to be about 30 dB. The transmission through the proposed TP-IMs link. maximum Q-factor from eye pattern for the bre of length 10 km under the e ect of (a) no dispersion 5. Conclusion parameter, (b) 2OD, (c) 3OD, and (d) 2OD+3OD is 115.848, 86.115, 54.3729, and 30.7302, respectively In summary, this study revealed that Higher-Order Figure 2. Experimental setup as per proposed model. M. Singh and S. Kumar Raghuwanshi/Scientia Iranica, Transactions D: Computer Science & ... 25 (2018) 3584{3590 3587 Figure 4. RF spectrum at the output of photodiode: (a) 10 km, (b) 20 km, (c) 30 km, and (d) 40 km.
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