DOCSLIB.ORG

Design of Applied and Decorative Art Elements Based on the Example of Nanai Shaman's Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Design of Applied and Decorative Art Elements Based on the Example of Nanai Shaman's Culture + MODEL HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 www.elsevier.com/locate/pscr Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture Maria Gaidysheva*, Alexey V. Parnyakov School of Arts, Culture and Sport, Far-Eastern Federal University, Russia Available online ▪▪▪ Abstract This article describes the history of the culture of Nanai shamanism. The object of my work is the development of applied and decorative art handiworks through the culture of Far-Eastern indigenous people, for example of Nanai shamans. When learning the culture of Far-Eastern indigenous people, we have managed to bring in elements of Nanai culture into the design of modern things, such as the dreamcatcher. Copyright © 2014, Far Eastern Federal University, Kangnam University, Dalian University of Technology, Kokushikan University. Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nanai culture; Shaman; Spirit; Talisman artistic handiwork; Tree of life; Dreamcatcher Introduction (2 thousand people) live in China. They speak the Nanai language, which falls within the Tungusic lan- The Nanai People, Nani (self-designation e “na- guages of the Altaic language family. There are some tives”, “local people), or Golds (former name), are dialects and sub-dialects. The writing system is indigenous people from Russia. They live downstream Cyrillic. The Russian language is also expanded among of the Amur river and the right feeder of the Ussuri the Nanai People [1]. river in Khabaravsky and Primorsky Krai of the Russian Federation (Fig. 1). The population in Russia General information is 10,5 thousand people. Some of the Nanai e “Hezhe” The predominant religious faith of the majority of Far-Eastern indigenous people is shamanism e faith in spirits. Shamanism is a faith in the interaction between * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Gaidysheva), a human and spirit with the help of a shaman who gets [email protected] (A.V. Parnyakov). in touch with spiritual powers. This religion is preva- Peer review under responsibility of Far Eastern Federal Univer- lent in the area of the Far East and Far North. sity, Kangnam University, Dalian University of Technology, Shamanism has always been regarded as an occult Kokushikan University. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 1229-5450/Copyright © 2014, Far Eastern Federal University, Kangnam University, Dalian University of Technology, Kokushikan University. Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL 2 M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 Fig. 1. Scheme of the settlement of the Nanai people. phenomenon penetrated by mysticism, age-old tradi- fishes. Guardian spirits are usually spirits of dead an- tions and unresolved contradictions [2]. cestors of a shaman (Fig. 2). The shaman is an intermediary between people and Shamans have various social functions that pene- the spirit world, having guardian spirits and helper- trate all spheres of material culture. A shaman is an spirits. Helper-spirits often assume the similitude of essential part of significant events in the life of a wild animals (tiger, bear), birds (eagle, owl), and human, including weddings, birth, illness, death, field Fig. 2. Nanai shaman. Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 3 rituals and season rituals. In all of these events, the i.e., healers, idol spirits, hosts of localities, water and shaman represents the key or one of the key roles. His taiga (Fig. 4). main tasks are the treatment of illnesses, tribesmen The Nanai Peoples also wore seveks e a personal welfare, and the farewell of dead souls to the spirit amulet that offers protection from evil spirits (Fig. 4). world. The tree of life was specifically important for a As a rule, each shaman has a specific ritual outfit: shaman. The Shaman's tree was regarded as a personal skirt, gown, jacket, and headwear. Sometimes, Tree of Life that he “gained” from spirits during his depending on nature of the shamanic ritual, only in- formation, which allowed him to travel to heaven and dividual items of this outfit are worn. With regard to the underworld. In addition, Nanai's images of family the shamanic attributes and fitting, it includes a trees on wedding gowns symbolised the idea of fertility tambourine with maul belt; jewelleries; breast collar and future generations (Fig. 5). It was thought that metallic discs tools hung on the breast, back or waist; these trees grew in the sky. Each family had their own and ritual masks and various staffs. The shamans also tree with souls of people living on its branches, which had many figures for spirits, which were called sewens went down to earth disguised as birds. (Fig. 3). Shamanism has always attracted people; thus, we A sewen is an intelligent spirit that is very active, decided to use shamanic elements in modern life. but being an aerial creature, it exhibits subtle power. A dreamcatcher is an Indian talisman or amulet that However, a sewen is a figure with human features protects a sleeper from evil spirits. This amulet has where a shaman settles as a spirit. This is material become very popular not only among inhabitants of the because it is made of metal, wood, bone, elm, and American continent but all over the world. A dream- straw or is pictured on a piece of fabric or paper. The catcher is an attribute of shamanism (Fig. 6). sewen represents an abstract figure of a human, wild Legend says that if you hang a dreamcatcher above animal, bird, amphibian and reptile. Sewens are spirits, a bed, it will catch the bad dreams in the web while Fig. 3. Shamanic ritual attributes. Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL 4 M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 Fig. 4. Sewens. Fig. 5. Shaman's tree of life (on a tambourine). Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 5 Fig. 6. Dreamcatcher. letting the good dreams through the middle hole. With nightmares each night. The woman did not know how the first light of the morning sun, all of the bad dreams she could help her child and decided to seek the advice will disappear. of an old she-spider (shaman). The shaman ordered the In addition, there is a legend about a woman from woman to make a circle from a willow and cotton fibre, the Sioux tribe whose child was conquered by which indicates the net of life, and to hang it above the Fig. 7. Elements in the dreamcatcher. Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL 6 M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 Fig. 8. Manufacturing technology of artistic handiwork. Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 7 Fig. 9. Market of the project. bed. Her advice helped. Since then, dreamcatchers my dreamcatcher, I used a tambour (frame), leather have enabled people to see joyful dreams. cords, threads, feathers, beads, and iron trinkets (Figs. Although there are many variations of dream- 7 and 8). catchers, they essentially consist of a small circle of It is the belief that beads or feathers in the web wood that is tied with thread to resemble a web with a catch strength and knowledge from the dreams and small hole in the middle. The shape of the dream- are sent to the one who is sleeping with the catcher is a circle because it represents how the sun or dreamcatcher. moon travels each day across the sky. The idea of designing this handiwork was based on Instead of a classic web, my dreamcatcher contains the fact that a dreamcatcher is an attribute of the image of the tree of life. Thus, when I constructed shamanism (Fig. 9). Please cite this article in press as: M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov, Design of applied and decorative art elements based on the example of Nanai shaman's culture, Pacific Science Review (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscr.2014.08.025 + MODEL 8 M. Gaidysheva, A.V. Parnyakov / Pacific Science Review xx (2015) 1e8 Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LEV IAKOVLEVICH SHTERNBERG: at the OUTSET of SOVIET ETHNOGRAPHY1 Anna A. Sirina and Tat'iana P. Roon Introduction the Works Of
    First published in “Jochelson, Bogoras and Shternberg: A Scientific Exploration of Northeastern Siberia and the Shaping of Soviet Ethnography”, edited by Erich Kasten, 2018: 207 – 264. Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien. — Electronic edition for www.siberien-studies.org LEV IAKOVLEVICH SHTERNBERG: 8 AT THE OUTSET OF SOVIET ETHNOGRAPHY1 Anna A. Sirina and Tat‘iana P. Roon Introduction The works of Lev Iakovlevich Shternberg, the eminent Russian and Soviet scientist, accomplished theoretical evolutionist, professor, and corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (from 1924), are well known by present day historians, ethnographers and anthropologists. An active public figure, he was engaged in the ethnography of the peoples of the Russian Far East and in Jewish ethnography. His acquaintance through correspondence with Friedrich Engels played a not insignificant role in his prominence: Engels wrote to Shternberg, having become acquainted with his discovery of group marriages amongst the Gilyak (or Nivkh) people (Shternberg et al. 1933; Shternberg 1933b: xvii-xix; see also Marx and Engels 1962, vol. 22: 364–367). This “discovery,” as with his description of other features of the Nivkh (Gilyak) social order, made on the Island of Sakhalin, was the beginning of his scientific activities. Over the period of his eight-year administrative exile he gathered unique field mate- rial on the language, folklore and social and religious life of the Nivkh. The results of his research were published in Russia beginning as early as 1893 (Shternberg 1893a; 1895; 1896). A considerable amount has been written on Lev Shternberg: obituaries, including ones in foreign journals,2 articles by ethnographers, archeologists, museologists and historians of science.3 Of particular interest is an absorbing book by Nina Gagen-Torn who, on the basis of personal recollections and archival documents, gives a vivid and emotional account of her teacher — the revolutionary and founder of the Leningrad School of Ethnography (Gagen-Torn 1971; 1975).
    [Show full text]
  • Black Dragon River: a Journey Down the Amur River Between Russia and China Ebook
    FREEBLACK DRAGON RIVER: A JOURNEY DOWN THE AMUR RIVER BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA EBOOK Dominic Ziegler | 368 pages | 10 Nov 2016 | Penguin Putnam Inc | 9780143109891 | English | New York, United States Nanai people - Wikipedia Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. As a crossroads for the great empires of Asia, this area offers journalist Dominic Ziegler a lens with which to examine the societies at Europe's only borderland with east Asia. He follows a journey Black Dragon River: A Journey Down the Amur River Between Russia and China the river's top to bottom, and weaves the history, ecology and peoples to show a region obsessed with the past—and to show how this region holds a key to the complex and critical relationship between Russia and China today. The terrain it crosses is legendarily difficult to traverse. The known history of the river begins with Genghis Khan and the rise of the Mongolian empire a millennium ago, and the story of the region has been one of aggression and conquest ever since. The modern history of the river is the story of Russia's push across the Eurasian landmass to China. For China, the Amur is a symbol of national humiliation and Western imperial land seizure; to Russia it is a symbol of national regeneration, its New World dreams and eastern prospects.
    [Show full text]
  • 1.1 Forests and Forest Use in Russia
    Dependency of Russian Villages on Forest Resources National Analytical Report, Russia October 2014 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content, findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this publication are the sole responsibility of the FLEG II (ENPI East) Programme Team (www.enpi-fleg.org) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations. Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Forests and forest use in Russia ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Rationale ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Study area........................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Method of sampling ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Number of households .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples and Industrial Companies: Best Practices of Cooperation in the Russian Federation
    INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES: BEST PRACTICES OF COOPERATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Moscow 2012 2 Content Introduction by Sergey Kharyuchi ..............................................................................3 Introduction by Evgeniy Velikhov ..............................................................................4 Introduction by Andrei Galaev ....................................................................................5 Irkutsk Oil Company (IOC) ............................................................................6 Kinross Gold Corporation ............................................................................12 Polymetal Company ..........................................................................................22 Rosneft Oil Company .........................................................................................29 Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. ...................................39 Concluding remarks .........................................................................................................46 3 Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation (RAIPON) represents and protects inter- ests of indigenous population of the Russian North. Currently the Association faces a multitude of ob- jectives connected with the preservation of health of indigenous peoples, with the resolution of truly com- plex social and economic problems, with saving tra- ditional culture inherited from ancestors. Meanwhile,
    [Show full text]
  • PADS Journal
    № 34 June 2013 From the Curator... Dear members of PADS and readers of our Journal, JOURNAL We apologize for the delay in publishing our Journal. We will now resume our journey around the world with vanishing aboriginal dogs. In this 34th issue, we publish the third part of an article by Dr. Anna Laukner about the coat color variation and genetics of the German Spitz and an article by Andrey Samar about the Nanai people's unique way of using dogs for pulling boats. Imagine this: “One peculiarity of the Ainu method of pulling boats was in the fact that the lead dog was running loose. It was not tied to the gangline at all, but left to run free ahead of all the dogs, responding to the commands of a human sitting in the boat and the whole dog team in of the International Society for harness followed it” (A. Samar). Preservation of Primitive Aboriginal Dogs Sincerely yours, Vladimir Beregovoy Curator of PADS, International 2 To preserve through education……….. Coat Colour in the Spitz By Dr. Anna Laukner In This Issue… translation by Gabriele Schröter COAT COLOUR IN THE SPITZ........................................................... 4 Part 3 TRADITIONAL DOG BREEDING OF THE NANAI PEOPLE......... 19 In the first part of this series we reported the LIST OF MEMBERS............................................................................ 52 diversity of colours in the Spitz. In the second part you learnt about the attempts of the Club to preserve or eliminate certain colours. Please read now about the genetics and certain coat colours. Colour genetics To explain the basics of colour inheritance in the dog would go beyond the bounds of this article by far.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
    [Show full text]
  • Model Forest in Local Forest Politics
    RUSSIAN MODEL FOREST IN LOCAL FOREST POLITICS: Case Study of the Creation of a National Park within the Gassinski Model Forest by ICHIRO MATSUO BA, Osaka University of Foreign Studies, 1999 Graduate Diploma in Science, The Australian National University, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Faculty of Forestry) (Department of Forest Resources Management) We accept this thesis as conforming THE UMVERSITYOF BRITISH COLUMBIA March 2002 © Ichiro Matsuo, 2002 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2788) ABSTRACT This thesis examines local people's perception of the Gassinski Model Forest's (GMF) projects and activities in relation to local involvement and public communication. The GMF is the first model forest in the Russian Federation. A case study describing the creation of a national park (NP) within the GMF territory has been adopted for designing this research. The term "local involvement" for the purpose of this research, describes the inclusion of local people in the decision-making process and the term "public communication" refers to communication between the GMF and local people, including mass communication, a word-of-mouth communication and education.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Thoughts on the Revitalization of Nanai Language
    46 CAES Vol. 3, № 1 (March 2017) Some thoughts on the revitalization of Nanai language Vasily Kharitonov Moscow Pedagogical State University e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The paper is devoted to the contemporary sociolinguistic situation of Nanai language (one of Tungusic languages), and ideas about its revitalization. Main problems are the following: low activity of Nanai people, gaps between different groups and institutions, lack of good materials for Nanai language learning. I propose some initial actions for attempt of revitalization of Nanai language; main tasks are located in social sphere: to work with the aged people in order to softer their reaction to language competences of the youth; to work with the youth in order to inspire them to learn Nanai language and to make different interesting projects with Nanai language: like music, discussion clubs et c. One of the main tasks is organizing Nanai language nests. Key words: Tungusic languages; Nanai language; endangered languages revitalization; indigenous languages; sociolinguistics 1. General information about Nanai language Nanai language belong to Southern branch of Tungusic family; Nanai language is spread in Russian Far East (in Khabarovsk Krai and Primorsky Krai) (see pic.1). Nanai is the biggest Tugusic language of the Amur river and one of the biggest languages of Tungusic family (only Even, Evenki and Xibo languages have more speakers than Nanai). Also in the region are used such languages as: Udeghe, Even (also Tungusic languages), Nivkh, Russian and Chinese. Nanai language has its own literature (based on Naikhin dialect); orthographic system is based on Cyrillic. Approximate number of Nanai speakers is about 100 – 200 people; (while total number of Nanai population is about 11 000).
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release • Fact Sheet • Photosheet
    INDEX Press release Fact Sheet Photosheet Exhibition Walkthrough Curator’s catalogue introduction:" Fire and Ice" by John E. Bowlt, Nicoletta Misler, Evgenia Petrova The visible listening: activities in the exhibition Palazzo Strozzi and the city: activities beyond the exhibition List of the works The Russian Avant-garde, Siberia and the East 27 September 2013 to 19 January 2014 Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, will present The Russian Avant-garde, Siberia and the East, the first international exhibition to examine the fundamental importance of the Oriental and Eurasian connection to Russian Modernism. The exhibition follows the destinies of Russia’s self-proclaimed “Barbarians” in their search for new sources of artistic inspiration. Neolithic stone figures, Siberian shaman rituals, popular Chinese prints, Japanese engravings, Theosophical doctrine and Indian philosophy are just some of the elements which inspired Russia’s new artists and writers as they developed their aesthetic and theoretical ideas just before and after the Revolution of October 1917. The Russian Avant-garde, Siberia and the East demonstrates how modern Russian culture experienced a deep attraction to – and an apprehension of – the exotic, the unknown and the “Other”, which artists and writers identified with the spirit of the taiga, the virgin territories of desert and steppe and the “otherness” of Oriental culture. Emphasising the key role which radical Russian artists played in the development of Modern art over a century ago, this exhibition underscores their complex relationship with the Orient, both the Russian East and the Far East. Léon Bakst, Alexandre Benois, Pavel Filonov, Natal’ia Goncharova, Wassily Kandinsky, Mikhail Larionov, Kazimir Malevich and other prime movers of the Avant-garde were deeply aware of the importance of the East and contributed to the rich debate – West or East? – which left a profound and permanent imprint on their creative imagination.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanai Fairytales About the Cruel Bride
    NANAI FAIRYTAles ABOut THE CRuel BRIDE TATYANA BulGAKOVA Professor of the Department of Ethnic and Cultural Studies The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Lenskaya 8-1-10, St. Petersburg, 195426 Russia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fairytale plots are studied in the present article in the context of the shamanic practice of the Nanai people; they are mainly dealt with from an emic perspective. The plots about the cruel behaviour of the bride, which are in contradiction to real Nanai traditions, are divided into two categories in the present article – on the one hand, plots connected with the cohabitation of humans and the spirits, and, on the other hand, plots that speak about the marriage of two people in which the cruelty of the bride is very often expressed by the perishing of the bridegroom, who loses a pre-marriage contest with the bride or her relatives. Our analysis shows that the task of the pre-marriage contest is not to find the worthiest pretender to the bride’s hand, but to find a bridegroom with more powerful shamanic strength than that of the bride’s family in order that, in ‘virtual battles’, he is able to beat shamans who are hostile to the bride’s family. The pre-marriage contest is an episode in the sha- man ‘war’, although the marriage itself can be unreliable, producing only a short truce between the two hostile tribes of shamans. The gender asymmetry of these marriage problems (a cruel bride, but not a cruel bridegroom) can be explained by Nanai ideas that, as a result of cohabitation, the man is involved in hostile relations with those shamans who are hostile to the bride’s family.
    [Show full text]
  • Toponymy of a Coastal Band of Northern Part East (Japanese) Sea
    Toponymy of a coastal band of Northern part East (Japanese) Sea EvagenH Pospelov (Russia I"stlute of Geography. Russia) The offered report is a logic prolongation of a theme covered on the first session of an International seminar on the Geographical Name of "East Sea" (by 1995) in the report, represented by the professors APostnikov and E. Pospe!ov. The further researches have shown. that for full understanding of a name of any sea it is necessary for considering is not isolated, and in a context of a toponimical system including a names of a coastal band. This system will be derivated by names of elements of water surface of the sea: separate parts of the sea, gulfs. bays, straits and names of elements of a coastal line: plots of shores, peninsulas, capes, isthmuses, separate islands and archipelagoes. In turn, the names many from these objects are connected with toponymy of a land. Toponymy of a coastal band East or Japanese (the name officially is accepted in Russia) Sea developed under influence of a number of the geographical and historical factors. In the rushing on East Russian pioneers in a middle seventeenth century achievd to shores of other Far East seas named nowadays Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk. The plot of a shore from cape a BoI ' shoi Kamennoj Nos (nowadays Cape Deznev) up to Cape Ollutorskij in 1648 has passed Deznev. a southern part of western coast Sea of Okhotsk in 1645 has passed Pojarkov, and northern part that shores in 1651 Stadukhin; western coast of Kamchatka in 1696 - 1699 inspected of the Atlasov.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nanai of Russia and China Nanai People Live in Vostok, the Russian Far East and Some in China
    Profile Year: 2015 People and Language Detail Profile Language Name: Nanai ISO Language Code: gld The Nanai of Russia and China Nanai people live in Vostok, the Russian Far East and some in China. Of 12,000 who are Nanai ethnically, only 1,390 still speak the Nanai language. Spring comes late to Nanai country. Ice on the Amur River can be 3 feet thick after a winter where temperatures plummet to 40 degrees below zero. Yet life thrives here. Ice fishermen find success even on the coldest days. In the bustling village of Troitskoye, parents don’t push strollers. They pull sleds. And inside the Full Gospel Church about 25 believers gather to worship. The congregation reflects the areas mix of people—the ancient Nanai culture and the modern Russian culture. The main road runs parallel to the Amur River through a vast birch forest. Villages are 20 kilometers apart, spaced originally as winter resting points for horses and riders. Fishing frames life for most in this region. In September, when the red salmon run, everyone is at the river. A few weeks work provides families with enough fish for the long winter and beyond. For those who fish commercially, it provides an income photo by The Seed Co. stream. The village of Troitskoye is only a 3-1/2 hour drive on good roads from Khabarovsk, the biggest city in the Russian Far East. When children grow up and Primary Religion: move from their small villages to Khabarovsk for school and career opportunities, Christianity they assimilate into the Russian culture—including, sometimes into Christian ____________________________________________________________ churches.
    [Show full text]