Report

Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station 2018 Lizard Island Research Station 2018 Report

LIRS Directors Dr Lyle Vail AM and Dr Anne Hoggett AM

Lizard Island Research Station PMB 37 Cairns QLD 4892 T + 61 (0)7 4060 3977 E [email protected] australianmuseum.net.au/get-involved/amri/lirs

Australian Museum Research Institute Dr Rebecca Johnson, Director T + 61 (0)2 9320 6237 E [email protected]

The Lizard Island Research Station acknowledges the traditional owners of Jiigurru, the Dingaal people, on whose land the research station is situated.

The Lizard Island Research Station respects elders past and present, and welcomes all who visit the research station. Welcome

In 2018 we marked 45 years since the Lizard Island Research 2018 was the 40th year the Foundation has supported the Station (LIRS) was established, supporting thousands of visiting Australian Museum’s Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS). scientists to undertake world-leading research into the Great It’s a significant birthday and timely to acknowledge the work Barrier Reef. Former AM Director, Frank Talbot’s vision for a of so many people who, over four decades, have helped world class research centre continues to be clear and bold. shape this world-renowned research facility. This includes our members and all donors, whose generosity continues As we look back at almost five decades of the LIRS, we know to be key, our former Trustees who have helped steer its that coral reefs support more than a quarter of all marine life development, the support of LIRS’s parent, the Australian and yet in the last 30 years nearly half of the world’s shallow Museum and its dedicated staff, the collaborative institutions, water corals have been lost (WWF 2018 Living Planet Report). and not least of all the talented marine scientists. At the 2019 World Economic Forum, world-renowned I’d particularly like to recognize the ongoing work and naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough called guidance of LIRS co-directors Anne Hoggett and Lyle Vail. for a global plan to tackle climate change. “Right now, we are Their report, which follows, highlights the significance for facing a man-made disaster of a global scale,” the 92-year- science of being able to draw on historic data. Some of these old Attenborough said. “What we do now and in the next few data sets to which they refer, researched and collected at years will profoundly affect the next few thousand years.” LIRS over the past 45 years, are now playing a crucial role in During this time of unprecedented change, the work of helping scientists better understand the threats facing our research stations such as LIRS has never been more critical. coral reefs – and the communities that depend on them. Successive years of coral bleaching in 2016 and 2017 alongside Never has it been so vital for this important research to abnormally high water temperatures sounded another continue, and continue to be funded. warning bell on the impacts of climate change. In 2018 On behalf of my fellow Trustees, a heartfelt thank you to there was a glimmer of hope with no further coral bleaching David Shannon who late last year stood down as LIRRF’s observed and evidence of recovery among some of the corals. Chair after six years at the helm. David has made an These positive signs underscore the need for greater research, enormous contribution to the Foundation, dedicating his increased awareness and positive action on climate change time, energy and considerable skills. I’m pleased to report to ensure the Reef can continue to recover. In 2019 the AM that David has agreed to stay on as a Trustee, and will will be doing just that. continue to play a very important role in communicating to our supporters, in non- scientific terms, some of the research As always, my continued thanks to our dedicated LIRS being undertaken at LIRS. We hope you enjoy these science co- directors Anne Hoggett and Lyle Vail who have operated stories as we continue to share them over the coming year. this important research outpost for the last 28 years. They are all so important in informing our public of the They are champions in the world of preservation. workings of the Station.

Thank you also to the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation Kate Hayward (LIRRF), led by Chair Kate Hayward, for their investment in the Chair, Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation work of the LIRS, and to the visiting researchers, volunteers, donors, Australian Museum Research Institute staff and AM Trust for your support of the LIRS.

Kim McKay AO Director & CEO, Australian Museum

PB 1 2018 in review

2 3 “Wow – so many new little corals!" The longest data set of is a common comment from returning all has been provided by the Dingaal people, the researchers in 2018. This is particularly traditional owners of encouraging because for the first time since Jiigurru (Lizard Island). 2013, the Lizard Island area did not suffer Their rich cultural heritage a major summertime disaster this year. extending over thousands of years is evident on the By contrast, reefs in the area were devastated by severe island in shell middens cyclones in 2014 and 2015 and by extensive coral bleaching and stone arrangements. in 2016 and 2017. Australian Museum Lizard Island Research For the past several years, Station (LIRS) staff and visitors alike were enormously archaeologists have relieved when the summer of 2017/18 passed without any collaborated with the Dingaal people to investigate the use further destruction. While the ongoing recovery of corals of Lizard Island by its traditional owners. This research is is very heartening, it’s important not to underestimate the now a major focus of the recently-established ARC Centre of future consequences of climate change on coral reefs. Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH). Up to 50 specialists are currently analysing a wealth of Well-established, long-term research stations provide archaeological material. Due to the high level of preservation unique opportunities for assessing environmental change. of artefacts such as mollusc shells and bones, the As one of the premier research stations globally, LIRS has archaeologists should be able to determine if there have been facilitated many important studies that provide invaluable changes to the composition of the local marine communities historical data that can be used for comparison now and over thousands of years. The Australian Museum and CABAH into the future. are in discussion about ways to highlight and promote these important archaeological discoveries. One of these historical data sets allows us to determine changes in reef metabolic performance over a time-span Scientific research remains the primary focus of LIRS but of 43 years – and counting. In 1975, researchers measured it is also important to educate people about coral reefs. “net community calcification” at Lizard Island. This is the Accordingly, LIRS also facilitates educational visits by rate at which calcium carbonate is accreted or dissolved student groups and access for documentary film makers. on a reef and it’s an important measure of reef health. Blue Planet II is a BBC series on marine life narrated by Sir Repeating this landmark study in 2008 and 2009 at the same David Attenborough. It was first broadcast in Australia in 2018 place and time of year, other researchers found this metric and Lizard Island features in four of the seven episodes. One had declined by 27-49%, which they attributed to ocean of the Lizard Island stars is Percy (the persistent), a tuskfish acidification. This year, other teams are repeating these who collects clams with its teeth and takes them to a specific measurements thanks to support from the Lizard Island coral head where it breaks open the shells to eat the Reef Research Foundation and others. Analysis of that data inside. After filming in 2015, Percy’s coral “anvil” bleached in will show whether the declining trend has continued. 2016 but we are pleased to report that it has recovered and The researchers plan to repeat their work in future which Percy is still there. Blue Planet II has been viewed by hundreds will extend the significance of this important data set. of millions of people around the world, has won numerous awards and has been instrumental in educating vast numbers Another long-term study has recorded coral community of people about the importance of protecting coral reefs and structure annually since 2008 in a way that is comparable other marine environments. to studies in the same area in the 1990s. This project has produced one of the highest resolution, long-term data sets Continued support for these and similar projects is vital. of coral communities ever put together in the world. Initially, Not only do they provide relevant data to measure change more than 40,000 corals were mapped on one large reef reliably, they also inform and inspire the public about reef flat in the Lizard Island lagoon enabling minute changes, issues. Both aspects are crucial as reefs around the world are to within millimetre precision, to be tracked in the coral facing serious environmental challenges. In partnership with community over time. In 2014, the team took advantage of the LIRRF, LIRS is achieving both goals. the cyclone disturbance to expand their mapping program to 21 sites around the island. This has continued annually Lyle Vail AM and Anne Hoggett AM and is planned to continue into the future, subject to Directors, Lizard Island Research Station funding. They have documented the extent to which the two cyclones and the two bleaching events have profoundly changed Lizard Island coral communities (publication 49, page 21). For example, coverage by Acropora, which includes plate and staghorn corals, declined by 95% from 1995 to 2017 with most of the decline following the cyclone and Opposite Growth of new corals in some areas is astounding bleaching events. and larger branching corals provide habitat for small fish.

2 3 Fellowships and grants

The Fellowships program provides funding for field-intensive research at LIRS by PhD students and recent postdocs. The program is fully supported by the Lizard Island Reef Foundation and its donors.

Details of the conditions and selection criteria for these highly sought-after Fellowships can be found in the Lizard Island Research Station section of the Australian Museum’s website. Applications close in August or September each year for funding that becomes available in March of the following year.

4 5 Fellowships Seven new fellowship recipients will commence work in 2019: four PhD students and three early-career scientists. Outlines of their projects can be found below. As well, funding continues into 2019 for six fellows who are in the second or third year of their award.

Jessica Bellworthy Catheline Froelich 2019 Raymond E. Purves Foundation 2019 Zoltan Florian Marine Biology Doctoral Fellow, Bar Ilan University, Israel Doctoral Fellow, University of Wollongong How do local thermal regimes and reproductive Investigating the advantages of sociality in timings impact coral planulae plasticity? challenging environments using coral-dwelling gobies During the famous annual coral spawning, many types of Coral-dwelling gobies are small that form mutually corals broadcast eggs and sperm into the water. Eggs that beneficial relationships with their coral hosts. At Lizard become fertilised develop into larvae that drift for weeks Island, coral gobies of many species are common and before settling permanently onto the bottom, far from they have been the subject of much research. Different their parents. However, other types of corals spawn species have different levels of sociality. Following the coral larvae that are well-developed and do not move far from bleaching and cyclonic events in recent years, we know that their parent colony. Both types of coral are important populations of both corals and their goby inhabitants were reef-builders and their very different life-histories mean drastically reduced at Lizard Island. However, according to that they respond differently to environmental stresses. evolutionary theory, differing social structures (social versus asocial) may result in some species being more resilient than Jessica is investigating the ability of corals to adapt others in such challenging environments. to rapidly increasing temperatures as is happening through climate change. She is focussing on the larvae- Catheline will evaluate how sociality affects the outcome bearing type of corals to assess how parental condition for coral-gobies after extreme environmental events. She affects survivorship of larvae: does a healthier parent will record the long-term recovery and population structure produce more robust offspring? Her work to date has of social and asocial species following the cyclones and been conducted in the Gulf of Aqaba, where normal sea bleaching, building on knowledge from before those events. temperatures are much higher than on the Great Barrier She will also determine whether there is any link between Reef. She has found that larvae there have extremely genetic and social system diversity before and after bleaching high tolerance to temperature but it is affected by the events, and compare habitat preference, dispersal ability, resources provided by the parent. At Lizard Island, she and competition between social and asocial species to will determine the temperature tolerances of coral larvae determine the mechanisms underlying variability in recovery and assess whether investment in larvae is compromised rates. This project will evaluate evolutionary theory while when parent corals have been under stress such as simultaneously predicting the recovery of coral-gobies severe bleaching. following stochastic climatic events.

Opposite Fringing reef in Watson's Bay, Lizard Island. Photo by Colin Price.

4 5 Tim Gordon Kelly Hannan 2019 Ian Potter Doctoral Fellow 2019 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow University of Exeter, UK James Cook University Investigating soundscape restoration as a novel Mechanisms underpinning maintained or enhanced management tool for degraded coral reefs performance of coral reef fishes under future climate Tim has already completed three field seasons at Lizard Island change conditions investigating the importance of sound in reef fish ecology. How will coral reef fishes cope as temperature and acidity He and his co-workers have shown that degraded Lizard of the oceans increase as forecast over the next 100 years? Island reefs (following cyclones and bleaching) are quieter Under high CO2 conditions (i.e. more acidic water), it has and less complex acoustically than in their pre-degraded recently been found that coral reef fishes actually become state, and this reduces their attractiveness to settlement- “athletes” – they can use oxygen more effectively – and the stage fishes. This leads to fewer new fishes settling onto the physiological mechanism for that process has been identified reef and that may compromise reef resilience. in non-coral-reef fishes. But those studies did not take into account elevated temperature which will occur at the same In 2019, Tim will investigate this feedback loop to determine time in the real-world situation, and it remains unknown which of the multiple changes in degraded reef soundscapes whether the mechanism holds true for coral reef fishes which are predictive of reduced attractiveness to fish. Listening are on a different branch of the evolutionary tree. to reefs through passive acoustic monitoring is a promising tool for reef management, and altering the reef soundscape Kelly’s research aims to fill those gaps in knowledge. She will could enhance reef recovery by making degraded reefs do that by testing the swimming performance of fishes in a more attractive to fishes. Tim’s work will pinpoint which series of experiments in the LIRS aquarium. characteristics of the reef soundscape are important to fishes and hence improve these tools.

Disturbance events

Habitat degradation

ACOUSTIC FEEDBACK Reduced recruitment LOOP Acoustic change

Above Graphic by Tim Gordon, adapted from publication 30 in this report.

6 7 Dr Bridie Allan Dr Rohan Brooker John and Laurine Proud Postdoctoral 2019 Isobel Bennett Marine Biology Fellow, University of Otago, New Zealand Postdoctoral Fellow, Deakin University Microplastics in the marine environment and their The ecological role of camouflage on coral reefs under implications for behaviour, physiology and oxidative current and future conditions damage in coral reef fish Predation is the major cause of mortality for most species Plastic is accumulating in the environment because so on Earth so it is important to understand how predators much of it is produced, it is readily discarded and it and prey interact, how predation influences ecological degrades very slowly. Plastics are often mistaken for a communities, and how environmental changes impact food source by . This can lead to internal damage predator-prey dynamics. Sensory environments of animals through abrasion, ulcers and digestive congestion resulting are changing due to human-induced disturbances including in a loss in body condition. There is also the threat of climate change. This could alter the ability of prey to learn, exposure to highly toxic chemicals that are used during identify, detect, and respond to predation risk or reduce the the manufacturing of plastics. Microplastics (pieces less effectiveness of mechanisms that mediate these interactions. than 5 mm) in the marine environment are increasingly Camouflage is one of the best-known mechanisms that being seen as a worldwide scourge but there has been little species use to avoid predators or to capture prey. research on their impact in coral reef environments. Recent evidence suggests that camouflage likely plays a highly Microplastics in the sea are rapidly colonized by microbial important role within coral reef ecosystems. For instance, communities including bacteria and algae. The build- many of the gaudy colour patterns of reef fishes are known up of complex biofilms has been shown to increase to have an underlying cryptic function, and camouflage has the palatability of microplastics to some invertebrate been implicated in the colour patterns of both predators species, although this is yet to be shown in fish. Therefore, and prey. While the majority of camouflage research has understanding the links between microplastics and examined visual mechanisms, non-visual senses also play naturally produced biofilms is important for understanding a key role in predator-prey interactions and it appears the attractiveness of microplastics as a potential food that some coral reef animals have evolved non-visual source to marine organisms. camouflage. Rohan recently published the first evidence of chemical camouflage in a reef animal, discovering that the Bridie’s investigations at LIRS will involve field and coral- feeding filefish chemically resembles the coral it feeds aquarium components to determine some of the effects of on. To a predator, the fish smells like a coral, not a fish. microplastic pollution on the behaviour and physiology of coral reef fishes. It will enable us to better understand the Rohan’s research at Lizard Island will use field and potentially toxic effects of microplastic pollution on the laboratory experiments to determine how some coral reef health of coral reef fishes and it could have implications animals use both visual and non-visual camouflage, and for future guidelines governing the release of such how habitat degradation impacts camouflage-mediated contaminants into aquatic environments. predator- prey interactions.

Left Corals at Lizard Island's Cobia Hole are well on the way to recovery and the site attracts a huge variety of fishes.

6 7 COTS Control Grants Outbreaks of coral-eating Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS) cause massive loss of coral cover in many locations, including the Great Barrier Reef. Given the numerous challenges facing coral reefs, managing predation by COTS is one step we can take to help protect corals. An Ian Potter Foundation 50th Anniversary Commemorative Grant was awarded to the LIRRF in 2014 to help find ways to do that. Dr Darko Cotoras Eighteen grants have been awarded to investigate the following major topics involving COTS: 1) larval behaviour, 2019 Lizard Island Reef Research 2) behaviour of juveniles and adults, 3) control by injection, Foundation Fellow, California Academy 4) control by predators, and 5) development of early warning of Sciences systems. Research undertaken in 2018 and funded for 2019 includes: Exploring the arachnid diversity of the Lizard Island group, Great Barrier Reef (GBR) 2018 Maria Byrne (University of Sydney) and Jonathan Allen (College of William & Mary, USA) Islands of the Great Barrier Reef are a complex system of terrestrial habitats that are understudied in comparison Assessing the causes and prevalence of cloning in larval to their surrounding marine environment. The complexity Crown-of-Thorns Seastars: implications for estimating is due to the different geological histories, ages, sizes, and modelling dispersal potential disturbance histories, and degrees of isolation of these 2018 Frederieke Kroon (Australian Institute of islands and is likely reflected in their faunas. Marine Science) The spider fauna is a key and understudied component Informing COTS control through understanding COTS of the biodiversity of islands on the GBR. Arachnids are predation pressure by fish and fisheries species a diverse group with almost 100,000 described species worldwide and many more to be discovered. These animals 2018 Maria Byrne (University of Sydney) and Karen Chan have a double role as predators and prey in ecosystems. (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) They are among the first colonizers on islands and are well Swimming behaviours of larval Crown-of-Thorns- known for their high degree of endemism on islands. Seastars: implications for distribution and dispersal modelling Darko has conducted field research on spiders in many parts of the world. He will spend a month at LIRS in 2019 2019 Jennifer Wilmes (ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral undertaking collections of spiders at Lizard Island and on Reef Studies, James Cook University) neighbouring islands. Initial sample processing will be done Temporal and spatial variation in settlement and at LIRS and detailed sorting and identification will be carried post- settlement survivorship of Acanthaster cf. solaris out at the Australian Museum. 2019 Vanessa Messmer (ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Darko plans to eventually sample spiders from other GBR Reef Studies, James Cook University) islands, especially from islands on the southern and central Early detection of Crown-of-Thorns starfish recruitment sections of the Reef. In addition to publishing his results in using settlement traps and genetic analyses the scientific literature he will also contribute to the Lizard Island Field Guide. 2019 Jason Doyle (Australian Institute of Marine Science) Further develop COTS environmental DNA (eDNA) tools with a view to operationalizing as part of an early- warning system

2019 Morgan Pratchett and Andrew Hoey (ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University) Distribution, abundance and reproductive behaviour of non-outbreak populations of Acanthaster cf. solaris

Opposite The diversity of life on coral reefs is astounding. Left to right and top to bottom: a pair of nudibranchs, Phyllidia elegans; encrusting coral; sea fan detail; a variety of soft corals and feather stars; extensive tract of the coral Heliopora coerulea.

8 9 8 9 Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation

FOUNDER TRUSTEE EMERITUS Mr Chris Joscelyne SCIENCE Mrs Wendy King The late Sir John Proud Mr Kenneth Coles AM COMMITTEE Mr James Kirby Dr Penny Berents (Chair) Prof Lynne Madden Mr Charlie Shuetrim AM PATRONS TRUSTEES Ms Kim McKay AO Dr Rebecca Johnson Mr Andrew Green Ms Kate Hayward (Chair) Mrs Heather Power Dr Lyle Vail AM Dr Des Griffin AM Mr Charlie Shuetrim AM Mr Robert Purves AM Dr Anne Hoggett AM Mr Raymond Kirby AO (Chair, Appeal Committee) Mr David Shannon Prof Lynne Madden Mrs Jacqueline Loomis Mr David Armstrong Dr Geoff Shuetrim2

The Ian Potter Foundation Mrs Greer Banyer2 Mr Graham Sherry OAM Ms Helen Wellings Mr Robert Purves AM Dr Penny Berents We thank Australian Museum staff Thyne Reid Foundation Mr James Bildner 1 Resigned in 2018 Dr Shane Ahyong and Dr Mandy Reid who act as Dr Rebecca Johnson’s Prof Frank Talbot AM Ms Belinda Gibson1 2 New Trustee in 2018 delegates on the fellowships Dr Ronnie Harding1 selection committee.

The Lizard Island Reef Research 40th Anniversary Foundation is an independent trust The LIRRF celebrated 40 years of supporting coral reef established in 1978 to conduct and research in 2018. In that period, it has raised $11.3 million for support scientific research at LIRS and that purpose, most of it in the last 15 years. This includes $5 elsewhere on the Great Barrier Reef. million for the 30th Anniversary Development Program which completely revitalised all LIRS infrastructure between 2005 Go to lirrf.org for information about the and 2011. The fellowships and grants program started in 1984 Foundation and the research it supports with a single fellowship per year. Now it provides seven or more new fellowships every year and produces a substantial and to make a donation to its worthy body of research. To date, this program has supported 70 causes. All donations of $2 or more are doctoral fellowships worth $952,746 and 57 post-doctoral tax deductible in Australia. research grants worth $919,545. Members donate $1,000 or more in a 12 By enabling LIRS to provide excellent facilities for science and education, and by supporting research directly through month period and Friends give a lower the fellowships and grants program, the LIRRF has made an amount. Life Members donate at least enormous contribution to coral reef research over the past $100,000 which may be spread over 40 years. And it continues to do so thanks to many committed several years. Our wonderful Members donors and a strong Board that is looking to the future. in 2018 are listed on page 24. Board changes David Shannon stepped down from the Chair this year after six years in that position. The Foundation has gone from strength to strength under his leadership. Having taken over when LIRS had just completed a major physical upgrade,

Opposite New Chair of the Lizard Island Reef Research David’s goals were to rejuvenate the donor base, expand Foundation Kate Hayward with outgoing Chair David Shannon. direct funding for coral reef science, and to communicate the

10 11 science better to a non-scientific audience. The fellowships and grants program burgeoned during his tenure and he initiated the Foundation’s website, lirrf.org. We are grateful that David remains a trustee. He has taken on the unofficial role of Chief Explainer, writing engagingly and accessibly about LIRS research and sharing the wonder of coral reefs.

We warmly welcome Kate Hayward as the new Chair. Kate has been a trustee since 2016 but has been involved with the LIRRF for many years prior. Her mother, Alison Hayward, was a trustee for many years before retiring in 2006. Kate’s business background coupled with her knowledge of the station’s purpose and its requirements make her ideal for the role. We are extremely grateful that she took on this challenge and we look forward to working more closely with her.

Ronnie Harding and Belinda Gibson retired from the board this year after joining it in 2003 and 2013, respectively. We thank them both for their contributions and wise counsel. On the following evening, Mr Sam Hayward hosted a dinner for Members and guests at the Melbourne Club. The Catalyst New Trustees this year are Greer Banyer and Geoff Shuetrim. excerpt was screened and this was followed with short Greer has a degree in marine science and her involvement talks by LIRS Director Dr Anne Hoggett AM and Professor with LIRS goes back to 2000 when she spent months on the Madeleine van Oppen whose research involving adaptation/ island assisting with research as a student. Now a government acclimatisation by corals to climate change was featured in research and policy analyst, Greer brings substantial relevant the documentary. experience to the LIRRF board. Geoff is an economist and nature lover who also has long involvement with LIRS and the In December, Trustee James Kirby and Claire Wivell Plater LIRRF. Initially this was through his father, long-time trustee generously hosted a special function at their lovely home in Charlie Shuetrim, and more recently as the inspired and Sydney for Trustees and guests to thank outgoing Chair David talented developer of the Lizard Island Field Guide website Shannon for his excellent leadership in that role. and associated mobile applications. We welcome these engaged and active trustees to the board. Lizard Island Resort Projects and equipment The luxurious Lizard Island Resort provides an exceptional base from which to experience the Great Barrier Reef. funded by LIRRF in 2018 Owned and operated by Delaware North, the Resort is a long- term supporter of the Research Station and the In the 2018 financial year, the LIRRF contributed a total Foundation. Members and Friends of the LIRRF can benefit of $514,432: from two generous Resort offers: – $203,672 for research through its fellowships and 1. Win a three-night stay at the Resort for two people grants program Donors of $100 or more in the financial year to 30 June – $251,671 for capital equipment to support research 2019 will be included in a draw for this wonderful prize at LIRS, including final payments for the John Gough that includes return transfers by light aircraft from Cairns, Cyclone Shelter that was constructed in 2017 accommodation, meals, beverages and more. Conditions – $59,089 for research operations apply – see lirrf.org. Events 2. A 20% discount for LIRRF Members at the Resort Current LIRRF Members (i.e. those who have made a donation The LIRRF held several events in Sydney and Melbourne for of $1,000 or more in the last 12 months) qualify for a 20% its friends, members and guests during the year. discount on any stay of 3 or more nights at the Resort, except On 10 April 2018 at the Australian Museum, we showed part in the last week of October and in the Christmas-New Year of the ABC TV Catalyst documentary – Can we save the Reef? period. See lirrf.org for information about making a booking. This was followed by a panel discussion involving scientists Donations can be made through lirrf.org. All donations instrumental in making the documentary, Professor Emma of $2 or more are tax deductible in Australia. Johnson AO and Associate Professor Jody Webster, with LIRS Director Dr Anne Hoggett AM. The venue was booked to When you are on the island, please be sure to visit the capacity with over 120 people attending. The formal session Research Station to see how your donation is being put was followed by informal discussion with light food and drinks to good use. For more information about the Resort, in the Museum’s fascinating Wild Planet area. visit lizardisland.com.

10 11 For the record

Lizard Island Field Guide Staff

More than 2,500 local species are now illustrated in the Dr Lyle Vail AM and Dr Anne Hoggett AM completed 28 years as Lizard Island Field Guide. This includes about 700 of the joint Directors in August 2018. 1500 known fish species in this area, 250 corals, 500 Marianne Dwyer and John Williamson completed their third molluscs, 200 echinoderms, 100 birds and 200 land plants. year as maintenance staff in March 2018.

One would expect the rate of increase to slow now that most Snow Amos, Kerry Sackett and Bruce Stewart back-filled when of the common and easily-identified species have been Marianne and John were on leave. Renie Amos also helped entered. Amazingly, growth has continued at the same high enormously as a volunteer during that period. rate as last year, with one new species being added per day on average – and it shows no sign of slowing. Researchers and other island visitors are contributing increasing numbers of Internships photos with relevant data, showing good public engagement The undergraduate internship program continued this year with the project and its relevance to visiting scientists. thanks to support from the Lizard Island Reef Research The online guide (http://lifg.australianmuseum.net.au/ Foundation. Selected through a competitive process, Olivia Hierarchy.html) is updated continuously and free mobile Rose of Deakin University spent about a month at LIRS in early applications for both major platforms are updated about 2018. She had the opportunity to learn many technical skills twice each year. Thanks to the LIRRF for providing the funds and gain valuable experience by assisting with various research to maintain these sites, to Geoff Shuetrim and the Gaia projects. Guide Association for developing them, to Marianne Pearce The postgraduate student internship program also continued. who has entered much of the background data, and to the It provides extended access to field and aquarium facilities for many contributors. Anne Hoggett oversees the quality and PhD students who assist LIRS staff for 12 hours per week in lieu development of content. of bench fees for at least three months. Kelly Hannan of James Cook University was the postgraduate intern this year.

Above left Tiny reef fishes such as this goby,Eviota melasma, are important in coral reef food chains. Above right Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) are common on the seagrass beds in front of LIRS.

12 13 Volunteers Bench fees LIRS relies upon volunteers to help with its maintenance. Per person per night, 2018 2019 Our special thanks and acknowledgement in 2018 to Including GST “regulars” Renie Amos, Lois Wilson, Terry Ford and Sue Researcher $145.00 $148.50 Lawrence, and to new volunteers Aimee Brownlow, Cassidy Researcher’s assistant $ 129.00 $ 132.00 Drayton, Charlie Maling and Zohar Yannai. Postgrad student (own project) $ 56.00 $ 57.50 Postgrad’s assistant $ 51.00 $ 52.50 Usage School or university group $ 92.00 $ 94.50 Media $ 217.50 $ 223.00 Since attaining the current level of visitor housing in 2009, Commercial $ 272.00 $ 279.00 the optimum level of usage of LIRS is 7,000 person days per year. Usage suffered a marked decline from this level in 2016 and 2017. It is pleasing to see the return to near-optimal usage in 2018 (6,704 person nights).

9,000 Other Volunteers Commercial 8,000 Educational Groups Postgraduates 7,000 Researchers

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

Person nights 0 1978 1994 1982 1996 1986 1992 1998 1988 1984 1980 1990 2012 2016 2014 2018 2010 2002 2006 2008 2004 2000 Calendar year

12 13 Institutions Australian 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies 2 Australian National University 3 Curtin University 4 Griffith University Visitors in 2018 5 James Cook University 6 Macquarie University 7 Monash University 7a Queensland Museum 8 Queensland University of Technology 9 Southern Cross University 10 University of Adelaide 11 University of New England 12 University of Queensland 13 University of Sydney 14 University of Tasmania 15 University of Wollongong International 16 Arkansas State University (USA) 17 California State University Northridge (USA) 18 Cambridge University (UK) 19 Carnegie Institution (USA) 20 College of William and Mary (USA) 21 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 22 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (USA) 23 National Cheng Kung University Tainan (Taiwan) 24 School for International Training (USA) 25 Scripps Institution of Oceanography (USA) 26 Simon Fraser University (Canada) 27 Sussex University (UK) 28 Universita Politecnica della Marche (Italy) Scientists from 38 institutions in 9 countries 29 University of Auckland (NZ) conducted 98 research projects at Lizard Island 30 University of Bristol (UK) 31 University of Exeter (UK) in 2018 comprising 68 senior scientists 32 University of Hawaii (USA) or postdocs, 38 PhD candidates, 10 MSc 33 University of Neuchatel (Switzerland) candidates and 6 undergraduate research 34 University of Otago (NZ) 35 University of Oxford (UK) students. The researchers are listed here with 36 University of Sascatchewan (Canada) their project titles and institutional affiliations. 37 University of St Andrews (UK)

Above Broadclub , latimanus

Oppposite XXXX

14 15 Senior scientists Matthew Dunbabin8 Megan Porter32 AUVs for Crown-of-Thorns Studies of unusual marine and postdocs Starfish control program eyes - fan worms and mantis shrimp 12 Bridie Allan34, Mark McCormick1,5, Christopher Goatley11, Simon Brandl26 Samuel Powell Maud Ferrari36, Doug Chivers36, Ecology of small fishes on coral reefs Measuring the underwater Gerrit Nanninga18 polarisation light field Miriam Henze12 Impacts of microplastics on coral Samuel Powell12 Colour processing in stomatopods reef fish survival Using the underwater light field - how do stomatopods see colour? Cassandra Thompson as field for navigation Andrew Hoey1,5 leader for Kristen Anderson1,5 Michael Rasheed5, Paul York5 Differential resilience of coral- and Recovery of coral growth rates and Seagrass and herbivore interactions reef carbonate budget after severe macroalgae-dominated reefs Laura Richardson31 bleaching events at Lizard Island 1,5 Andrew Hoey Assessing differential impacts and David Bellwood1,5 Post-bleaching recovery of recovery of distinct coral habitats and Photographic assessment of fish-coral coral populations associated fish assemblages to mass coral bleaching events associations Scott Ling14 Michael Bok30 Rates of herbivory and Michael Salter31, Chris Perry31 Unusual vision on the reef carnivory on reefs Short-term preservation potential of carbonate sediments produced 33 Joshua Madin32, Maria Dornelas37 Redouan Bshary by fish Cooperative and cognitive Reefs through time Anna Scott9 aspects of cleaning symbiosis 12 23 Justin Marshall , Tsyr Huei Chiou Finding Nemo's personalities Redouan Bshary 33 Stomatopod vision 12 Testing for the existence of general Uli Siebeck Mark McCormick1,5, Maud Ferrari36, intelligence in cleaner wrasse Visual learning in reef fish Doug Chivers36 Paul Sikkel16, Lexa Grutter12, Theresa Burt de Perera35 The effect of habitat Will Feeney12 Video tracking of the navigational degradation on reef fish The role of micropredators and cleaning routes of Rhinecanthus aculeatus Mark McCormick1,5,Jamie McWilliam3 behaviour in coral reef fish communities Maria Byrne13, Karen Chan21, Jonathan Effects of habitat on fishes’ Graham Taylor35 Allen20and PhD student Dione Deaker13 body conditions Video tracking of the navigational Biology of Crown-of-Thorns 1,5 routes of Rhinecanthus aculeatus Starfish larvae Mark McCormick Monitoring of fish and corals Gergely Torda1,5 31, 31 Lucille Chapuis Stephen Simpson around Lizard Island Population genomics of coral Effect of boat noise on vocalisation recovery at Lizard Island following Sebastien Mouchet31 of Pomacentrus ambionensis and the 2016 bleaching surrounding soundscape Animal perception of UV scattered Noa Truskanov33 12 12 by natural photonic structures Fabio Cortesi , Justin Marshall Social learning in the Bluestreak 31 Triggerfish colour vision Sophie Nedelec Cleaner Wrasse Impacts of motorboat noise on coral Fabio Cortesi12 Sean Ulm5, Ian McNiven7, Robert reef fish reproduction and survival Visual ecology of anemonefish Bultitude5, Ariana Lambrides5, Cait Newport35 5 5 Scott Cutmore12 Christian Reepmeyer , Matt Harris , Video tracking of the navigational 7a 2 Trematodes of Great Barrier Reef fishes Brit Asmussen , Simon Haberle , routes of Rhinecanthus aculeatus Feli Hopf2, Kelsey Lowe12 and Laura Tyler Cyronak25, Ken Caldeira19, 10 28 Weyrich with PhD students Lauren 19 12 Daniela Pica Manoela Romano , Kennedy Wolfe , Linnenlucke5 and Nathan Woolford5, 9 22 Stylasterid corals at Lizard Island Bradley Eyre , Yuichiro Takeshita terrain scanners Chris Little4 and 25 Alyssa Griffin Chiara Pisapia17, Steve Doo17, Benjamin Connolly, historian Billy Measuring reef metabolism using Robert Carpenter17 Griffith and filmmaker Martin Potter autosamplers on the reef flat Assessing recovery of Lizard Lizard Island Archaeological Project Jennifer Donelson1,5 Island reef community structure Marian Wong15 Behavioural thermoregulation and function following multiple Social structure of coral-dwelling gobies of coral reef fish successive stress events in response to climate change

14 15 Emily Husband31 Mapping and modelling changes in coral reef structural complexity (MSc) Zoe Loffler5 Canopy-forming macroalgae on coral reefs: dynamics and herbivory (PhD) Clarisse Louvard12 Life cycles of hemiuroids infecting pelagic fishes; and systematics of the Bivesiculidae (PhD) Caitlin Maling13 Fish song (poetry) (PhD) Kieran McCloskey31 Effects of motorboat disturbance on dyadic relationships and nest defence Postgraduate Tim Gordon31 agains egg predation in Pomacentrus Acoustic preferences of amboinensis (PhD) settlement-stage fishes (PhD) research students Mardi McNeil8 Melisande Aellen33 Alexia Graba-Landry1,5 Role of Halimeda algal bioherms in Testing for the existence of general The effect of increasing temperature provision of benthic habitat (PhD) intelligence in cleaner wrasse (PhD) on fish-seaweed interactions on coral Jamie McWilliam3 reefs (PhD) Mapping boat noise around Ellie Bergstrom4 25 Lizard Island (PhD) Carbon physiological strategies of Alyssa Griffin CISME (Coral In Situ Metabolism) Heather Middleton12 crustose coralline algae with potential incubation of healthy and unhealthy Pheromone utilisation by for acclimation/adaptation to ocean corals (PhD) elasmobranchs (PhD) acidification and warming (PhD) 1,5 Kelly Hannan1,5 Renato Morais Araujo Nader Boutros13 Physiological effects of elevated pCO Habitat degradation effects on reef Spatial surveys of reef fish and their 2 on fishes employing different swimming fish productivity (PhD) habitat (PhD) modes (PhD) Pauline Narvaez1,5 37 Cleaner fish as vectors of Viviana Brambilla Oscar Hartman Davies35 parasitic disease (PhD) Coral reefs and niche construction: How does knowledge produced at LIRS 27 quantifying patterns (PhD) inform a wider network of knowledge Noora Nevala Hyperspectral imaging Katherine Chapman30 production about the reef and the underwater (PhD) The effect of short-term boat noise environmental problems facing it? (Masters) 29 on egg care behaviours in Pomacentrus Georgina Nicholson with supervisor Kendall Clements29 amboinensis (MSc) Siobhan Heatwole15 Diet and bioerosion in Indo-Pacific The evolution and variability of social Adam Downie1,5 parrotfishes (MSc) behaviour in anemonefishes (PhD) How do coral reef fish develop Matthew Nicholson16 4 into athletes? (PhD) Maureen Ho Ectoparasite consumption by diurnal Determining functional relationships of non-cleaner coral reef fishes (PhD) Alexia Dubuc5 trait responses to temperature gradient Impact of dissolved oxygen on fish Simon Niklaus33 on various macroalgal species in the Does punishment trigger fear assemblages (PhD) Great Barrier Reef (PhD) conditioning in cleaner wrasse? (MSc) 6 Luisa Fontoura 9 Victoria Hrebien Tessa Page4 The structure of reef fish assemblage Isoprene emission from tropical benthic The capacity for crustose coralline after severe coral bleaching on the habitats (seagrass and coral reef algae to acclimate to changing Great Barrier Reef (PhD) sediments) (PhD) oceans (PhD)

14 Kate Fraser Victor Huertas1,5 Sophie Porta33 Spatial and habitat variability in Trends in parrotfish predation on Social learning in adult cleaner epifaunal assemblages (PhD) massive (PhD) wrasses (MSc)

16 17 Vivien Rothenberger12 Undergraduate Other visitors How the ability to see red influences food detection: visual ecology in research students Australian Museum damselfishes (MSc) AMRI Olivia Antczak24 Director Rebecca Johnson and Marina Santana5 Butterflyfishes on a degraded reef: staff Alexandra Nuttall Assessing the ecological risks of species richness, abundance, plastic pollution to coral reef recruitment and feeding behaviours at AM Trustees Sara Watts and Shauna Jarrett with environment (PhD) Lizard Island. Greg Pearce and AM staff Jacinta 24 Virginie Staubli33 Danielle Barnes Spurrett and Amanda Webster Public information in the marine Fish community structure surrounding AM staff recognition award winner cleaning mutualism (MSc) Pomacentrus amboinensis nests with and without eggs Laura McBride Amy Streets12 24 Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation Neural connectivity in the stomatopod Alexander Carlson The effects of seawater temperature on Chair Kate Hayward with Trustees Greer lamina (PhD) the photosynthetic ability of crustose Banyer, Chris Joscelyne, James Kirby Robert Streit1,5 coralline algae and Lynne Madden, former Trustee Heterogeneity of feeding by Alison Hayward, and family members Alea Laidlaw24 herbivorous fishes (PhD) Photosynthetic maxima of crustose Trustee Rob Purves with associates Sterling Tebbett5 coralline algae Anna and Tony Le Deux Mediation of fish functions by Caroline Phelps24 sediment (PhD) Undergraduate intern Growing pains: physiological Olivia Rose, Deakin University Valerio Tettamanti12 and aerobic requirements of Seeing on the reef: the visual metamorphosis in coral reef fish Reconnaissance for future project Alexander Fordyce, University of ecology of Naso brevirostris (MSc) 24 Haley Rivers Newcastle A comparison of the composition of Damaris Torres-Pulliza6 juvenile and adult scleractinian coral Media Scaling up metrics of habitat complexity populations after major disturbance at ABC TV 7.30 Report, Peter Greste from coral colonies to space Lizard Island and crew Zegni Triki33 National Library Underlying neural mechanisms Education groups Gregg Borschmann of cleaner wrasse sophisticated cognition (PhD) Australian Museum Members First aid training Led by Penny Berents Charlie Makray and Julie Armour Laura Velasquez1,5 Effects of vessel noise on the behavior Ascham School Australian Institute of Marine Science Led by Ann Brownlee, Anthony Gilchrist and physiology of reef fishes and their GBROOS maintenance team and Reef Ecotours staff potential habituation (PhD) Contractors Barker College Jammic Gas (replace appliances) Hong Vo12 Led by Tim Binet, Sarah Cormio and Bryant (cyclone shelter construction) Visual process in the lateral Justin Varjavandi protocerebrum in the mantis shrimp (PhD) Geelong College Preparatory School Four groups led by Tim Colbert, 12 Nicholas Wee Julie-Anne Hussey, Yannick Lairs, Monorchids of Great Barrier Reef Lucy Pring, Benjamin Robbins, Marita fishes (PhD) Seaton, Ian Sheppard, Paula Wilson and Reef Ecotours staff Hannah Wolstenholme5 Habitat degradation and its influence RMIT University on the life history of Pomacentrus Led by Jeff Shimeta, Nathan Bott, moluccensis (MSc) and David Heathcote

Rachael Woods6 School for International Training Cyclone mapping project - coral Led by Tony Cummings, David Sellars Opposite Students scoring coral recruitment on mapped sites (PhD) and Vanessa Messmer colours for the CoralWatch program.

16 17 Publications

18 19 In 2018, 107 publications 6. An, J., M. Zhang and G. Paulay, 2018. 13. Bray, R.A., S.C. Cutmore and based on work carried out New records of Tylokepon with T.H. Cribb, 2018. Lepotrema Ozaki, the description of a new species 1932 (: Digenea) from at LIRS were received into (Epicaridea, Bopyridae, Keponinae). Indo-Pacific fishes, with the description the collection as listed Zookeys, 790: 77-85. of eight new species, characterised by below. There are now more morphometric and molecular features. 7. Baird, A.H., M. Álvarez-Noriega, V.R. Systematic Parasitology, 95: 693-741. than 2,280 LIRS publications. Cumbo, S.R. Connolly, M. Dornelas and 14. Carrier, T.J., K. Wolfe, K. Lopez, 1. Abreu, M.S., J.P.M. Messias, A.C.V.V. J.S. Madin, 2018. Effects of tropical M. Gall, D.A. Janies, M. Byrne and A.M. Giacominic and M.C. Soares, 2018. storms on the demography of reef Reitzel, 2018. Diet-induced shifts in the Estradiol shapes mutualistic behaviour corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster sp.) larval of female cleaner fish 606: 29-38. (Labroides microbiome. Marine Biology, 165: 157-164. dimidiatus Valenciennes, 1839): 8. Barnett, L.J. and T.L. Miller, 2018. potential implications of environmental 15. Chase, T.J., M. S. Pratchett, Phenotypic plasticity of six unusual disturbance. Ecotoxicology and G.E. Frank and M.O. Hoogenboom, cercariae in nassariid gastropods Environmental Safety, 157: 244–248. 2018. Coral-dwelling fish moderate and their relationships to the bleaching susceptibility of coral hosts. Acanthocolpidae and Brachycladiidae 2. Alvarez-Campos, P., G. Giribet, PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208545. G. San Martin, G.W. Rouse and (Digenea). Parasitology International, A. Riesgo, 2017. Straightening the 67: 225-232. 16. Chase, T.J., J.P. Nowicki and striped chaos: systematics and D.J. Coker, 2018. Diurnal foraging of a 9. Bellwood, D.R., S.B. Tebbett, evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case wild coral-reef fishParapercis australis O. Bellwood, M. Mihalitsis, R.A. Morais, of its pseudocryptic type species in relation to late-summer temperatures. R.P. Streit and C.J. Fulton, 2017. Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 93: 153–158. The role of the reef flat in coral reef Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, trophodynamics: past, present, and 17. Chegoonian, A.M., M. Mokhtarzade 179: 492–540. future. Ecology and Evolution, and M.J. Valadan Zoej, 2017. 3. Álvarez-Campos, P., S. Taboada, 8: 4108–4119. A comprehensive evaluation of G. San Martín, C. Leiva and A. Riesgo, classification algorithms for coral reef 10. Binning, S.A., D.G. Roche, 2018. Phylogenetic relationships and habitat mapping: challenges related evolution of reproductive modes within A.S. Grutter, S. Colosio, D. Sun, to quantity, quality, and impurity of flattened syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) with J. Miest and R. Bshary, 2018. training samples. International Journal : 4224-4243. the description of a new and six Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the of Remote Sensing, 38 cognitive performance of a damselfish new species. Invertebrate Systematics, 18. Constant, J., 2018. Revision through ectoparasite removal. 32: 224-251. of the Eurybrachidae XIV. The Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Australian genera Olonia Stål, 1862 and 4. Alvarez-Noriega, M., A.H. Baird, 285: 20172447. Stalobrachys gen. nov. (Hemiptera: M. Dornelas, J.S. Madin and S.R. Fulgoromorpha). European Journal Connolly, 2018. Negligible effect of 11. Bok, M.J., N.W. Roberts and of Taxonomy, 486: 1-97. competition on coral colony growth. T.W. Cronin, 2018. Behavioural Ecology, 99(6): 1347–1356. evidence for polychromatic ultraviolet 19. Cutmore, S.C., R.A. Bray sensitivity in mantis shrimp. Proceedings and T.H. Cribb, 2018. Two new 5. Alvarez-Noriega, M., A.H. of the Royal Society B, 285: 20181384. species of Bacciger Nicoll, 1914 Baird, T.C.L. Bridge, M. Dornelas, (: Faustulidae) in species L. Fontoura, O. Pizarro, K. Precoda, 12. Bostrom-Einarsson, L., M.C. of Herklotsichthys Whitley (Clupeidae) D. Torres-Pulliza, R.M. Woods, Bonin, S. Moon and S. Firth, 2018. from Queensland waters. Systematic K. Zawada and J.S. Madin, 2018. Environmental impact monitoring of Parasitology, 95: 645–654. Contrasting patterns of changes in household vinegar-injections to cull abundance following a bleaching event crown-of-thorns starfish,Acanthaster 20. Daneliya, M., W.W. Price and between juvenile and adult scleractinian spp. Ocean and Coastal Management, R.W. Heard, 2018. Revision of the corals. Coral Reefs, 37: 527–532. 155: 83-89. Siriella brevicaudata species group (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae) from the West Indo-Pacific.European Journal of Taxonomy, 426: 1–80.

Erratum: The opening paragraph of this section in the 2017 Report was unchanged from the year 21. Doo, S.S., 2017. Understanding the before. It should have stated: “In 2017, 125 publications based on work carried out at LIRS were functional role of large benthic received into the collection as listed below. There are now more than 2,175 LIRS publications.” foraminifera on coral reefs in a changing Left Coral and damselfishes in the Lizard Island lagoon. climate. PhD thesis, University of Sydney.

18 19 Left Reef crest corals are recovering after cyclones and bleaching. Bottom right Potato Cod (Epinephelus tukula) at Cod Hole, a world-famous dive site near Lizard Island.

22. Dornelas, M. J.S. Madin, A.H. Baird 28. Gingins, S., F. Marcadier, 34. Hedley, T.D., C. Roelfsema, and S.R. Connolly, 2017. Allometric S. Wismer, O. Krattinger, F. Quattrini, V. Brando, C. Giardino, T. Kutser, growth in reef-building corals. R. Bshary and S.A. Binning, 2018. S. Phinn, P.J. Mumby, O. Barrilero, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 284: The performance of cleaner wrasse, J. Laporte and B. Koetz, 2018. Coral reef 20170053. Labroides dimidiatus, in a reversal applications of Sentinel-2: Coverage, learning task varies across experimental characteristics, bathymetryand benthic 23. Ern, R., J.L. Johansen, paradigms. PeerJ, 6: e4745; DOI 10.7717/ mapping with comparison to Landsat 8. J.L. Rummer and A.J. Esbaugh, peerj.4745. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017. Effects of hypoxia and ocean 216: 598-614. acidification on the upper thermal 29. Goatley, C.H.R, S. Wroe, niche boundaries of coral reef fishes. S.B. Tebbett and D.R. Bellwood, 2018. 35. Hemingson, C.R. and Biology Letters, 13: 20170135. An evaluation of a double-tailed D.R. Bellwood, 2018. Biogeographic deformity in a coral-reef surgeonfish patterns in major marine realms: 24. Erséus, C., I. Envall, P. De Wit and Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Acanthuridae) function not taxonomy unites fish Molecular data L.M. Gustavsson, 2017. using micro-computed tomography. assemblages in reef, seagrass and reveal a tropical freshwater origin of Journal of Fish Biology, 92: 1645–1650. mangrove systems. Ecography, Naidinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae). 30. Gordon, T.A.C., H.R. Harding, 41: 174–182. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, K.E. Wong, N.D. Merchant, M.G. 115: 115-127. 36. Hempson, T.N., N.A.J. Graham, Meekan, M.I. McCormick, A.N. Radford M.A MacNeil, A.S. Hoey and G.R. 25. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, and S.D. Simpson, 2018. Habitat Almany, 2018. Mesopredator degradation negatively affects auditory M.G. Meekan, S.D. Simpson, S.L. trophodynamics on thermally stressed Nedelec and D.P. Chivers, 2018. settlement behavior of coral reef fishes. coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 37: 135-144. School is out on noisy reefs: the effect Proceedings of the National Academy of of boat noise on predator learning and Science, 115(20): 5193-5198. 37. Hing, M.L., O.S. Klanten, survival of juvenile coral reef fishes. M. Dowton, K.R. Brown and 31. Graham, N.A.J., S.K. Wilson, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285: M.Y.L. Wong, 2018. Repeated cyclone P. Carr, A.S. Hoey, S. Jennings and 20180033. events reveal potential causes of M.A. MacNeil, 2018. Seabirds enhance sociality in coral-dwelling Gobiodon coral reef productivity and functioning 26. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, fishes.PLoS ONE 13(9): e0202407. B.J.M. Allan, R.B. Choi, R.A. Ramasamy in the absence of invasive rats. Nature, and D.P. Chivers, 2015. The effects 559: 250-253. 38. Holmes, T., 2009. Processes and of background risk on behavioural 32. Green, N.F. H.H. Urquhart, C.P. mechanisms of predatory interactions lateralization in a coral reef fish. van den Berg, N.J. Marshall and K.L. on newly settled reef fish. PhD thesis, Functional Ecology, 29: 1553–1559. Cheney, 2018. Pattern edges improve James Cook University. predator learning of aposematic signals. 27. Fitzpatrick, A., I.J. McNiven, 39. Horká, I., S. De Grave, Behavioral Ecology, 29(6): 1481–1486. J. Specht and S. Ulm, 2018. Stylistic C.H.J.M. Fransen, A. Petrusek and analysis of stone arrangements 33. Hallett, S.L., C. Erseus, Z. Duriš, 2018. Multiple origins and supports regional cultural interactions P.J. O'Donoghue and R.J.G. Lester, strong phenotypic convergence in fish- along the northern Great Barrier Reef, 2001. Parasite fauna of Australian cleaning palaemonid shrimp lineages. Queensland. Australian Archaeology, marine oligochaetes. Memoirs of the Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2018.1507807. Queensland Museum, 46(2): 555-576. 124: 71-81.

20 21 40. Huston, D.C., S.C. Cutmore and 46. Leck, C. and E.K. Biggs, 2008. 52. McCormick, M.I., B.J.M. Allan, T.H. Cribb, 2018. Trigonocephalotrema Comparison of sources and nature of H. and S.D. Simpson, 2018. Boat noise (Digenea: Haplosplanchnidae), a new the tropical aerosol with the summer impacts risk assessment in a coral reef genus for trematodes parasitising fishes high Arctic aerosol. Tellus, 60B: 118–126. fish but effects depend on engine type. of two Indo-West Pacific acanthurid Scientific Reports, :8 3847. 47. Loffler, Z., A. Graba-Landry, genera. Invertebrate Systematics, J.T. Kidgell2, E.C. McClure, M.S. 53. McCormick, M.I., E. Fakan and 32: 759–773. Pratchett and A.S. Hoey, 2018. B.J.M. Allan, 2018. Behavioural 41. Jain-Schlaepfer, S., E. Fakan, Holdfasts of Sargassum swartzii are measures determine survivorship J.L. Rummer, S.D. Simpson and resistant to herbivory and resilient to within the hierarchy of whole-organism M.I. McCormick, 2018. Impact of damage. Coral Reefs, 37: 1075-1084. phenotypic traits. Functional Ecology, motorboats on fish embryos depends 32: 958-969. 48. Lonnstedt, O., M.C.O. Ferrari on engine type. Conservation Physiology, 54. McCormick, M.I., S.-A. Watson, and D.P. Chivers, 2018. Correction 6: 10.1093/conphys/coy014. to ‘Lionfish predators use flared fin S.D. Simpson and B.J.M. Allan, 2018. Effect of elevated CO and small boat 42. Jenkins, B.W., 2018. Revision of the displays to initiate cooperative hunting’. 2 noise on the kinematics of predator– genus Pugillaria Iredale, 1924 (: Biology Letters, 14: 20170716. prey interactions. Proceedings of the Panpulmonata: Siphonariidae). 49. Madin, J.S., A.H. Baird, Royal Society B, 285: 20172650. Molluscan Research, 38(4): 274-286. T.C.L. Bridge, S.R. Connolly, K.J.A. 55. McWilliam, J.N., 2018. Coral reef

43. Johansen, J.L., B.J.M. Allan, Zawada and M. Dornelas, 2018. soundscapes: the use of passive Cumulative effects of cyclones and J.L. Rummer and A.J. Esbaugh, acoustic monitoring for long-term 2017. Oil exposure disrupts early bleaching on coral cover and species ecological survey. PhD thesis, life-history stages of coral reef fishes richness at Lizard Island. Marine Ecology Curtin University. via behavioural impairments. Nature, Progress Series, 604: 263–268. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1038/ 56. Meekan, M.G., 1992. The influence 50. Martin, S.B., D. Ribu, S.C. Cutmore s41559-017-0232-5. of pre-and post-settlement processes and T.H. Cribb, 2018. Opistholobetines on the population dynamics of coral 44. Komyakova, V., G.P. Jones and P.L. (Digenea: Opecoelidae) in Australian reef damselfishes. PhD thesis, Munday, 2018. Strong effects of coral tetraodontiform fishes. Systematic Griffith University. species on the diversity and structure Parasitology, 95: 743-781. 57. Miller, T.H., S.C. Cutmore and of reef fish communities: A multi-scale 51. Martin, S.B., S.C. Cutmore T.H. Cribb, 2018. Two species of analysis. PLoS ONE, 13(8): e0202206. and T.H. Cribb, 2018. Revision Neometadena Hafeezullah & Siddiqi, 45. Kroon, F.J., C.E. Motti, L.H. Jensen of Podocotyloides Yamaguti, 1934 1970 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from and K.L.E. Berry, 2018. Classification of (Digenea: Opecoelidae), resurrection Moreton Bay, Australia, including the marine microdebris: A review and case of Pedunculacetabulum Yamaguti, 1934 description of Neometadena paucispina study on fish from the Great Barrier Reef, and the naming of a cryptic opecoelid n. sp. from Australian Lutjanidae. Australia. Scientific Reports, :8 16422. species. Systematic Parasitology, 95: 1–31. Systematic Parasitology, 95: 655–664.

20 21 58. Moravec, F., S.C. Cutmore and 65. Nowicki, J.P., L.A. O’Connell, Bioinspired polarization vision enables R.Q.-Y. Yong, 2018. Redescription of P.F. Cowman, S.P.W. Walker, D.J. underwater geolocalization. Science Philometra pellucida (Jagerskiold, 1893) Coker and M.S. Pratchett, 2018. Advances, 4: eaao6841. (Nematoda: Philometridae) parasitic in Variation in social systems within 75. Prantoni A., P.C. Lana and the abdominal cavity of the blackspotted Chaetodon butterflyfishes, with special C. Erséus, 2017. Global checklist puffer Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & reference to pair bonding. PLoS ONE, of species of Grania (Clitellata: Schneider) (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) 13(4): e0194465. Enchytraeidae) with remarks on their off Australia and Japan. Systematic 66. Nowicki, J.P., S.P.W. Walker, geographic distribution. European Parasitology, 95: 665–671. D.J.Coker, A.S. Hoey, K.J. Nicolet Journal of Taxonomy, 391: 1–44. 59. Nadler, L.E., S.S. Killen, and M.S. Pratchett, 2018. Pair bond 76. Quattrini, F.G., R. Bshary and D.G. P. Domenici and M.I. McCormick, endurance promotes cooperative Roche, 2018. Does the presence of an 2018. Role of water flow regime in food defense and inhibits odd individual affect group choice? the swimming behaviour and escape confict in coral reef butterfyfsh. Behavioral Ecology, 29(4): 855–861. performance of a schooling fish. Scientific Reports, 8: 6295. Biology Open, 7: bio031997. 67. O'Connor, J. and R. Muheim, 2017. 77. Raby, G.D., J. Sundin, F. Jutfelt, S.J. Cooke and T.D. Clark, 2018. 60. Neo, M.L., C.C.C. Wabnitz, Pre-settlement coral-reef fish larvae Exposure to elevated carbon dioxide R.D. Braley, G.A. Heslinga, respond to magnetic field changes does not impair short-term swimming C. Fauvelot, S. Van Wynsberge, during the day. Journal of Experimental behaviour or shelter-seeking in a S. Andrefouet, C. Waters, A. Biology, 220: 2874-2877. predatory coral-reef fish.Journal of Fish Shau-Hwai Tan, E.D. Gomez, M.J. 68. 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(Platyhelminthes; Polycladida) from Nannastacidae (Crustacea, Cumacea) Hoey, 2018. Mass coral bleaching Australian and Papua New Guinean from the Australian Museum Collection. causes biotic homogenization of reef coral reefs. Journal of Natural History, Records of the Australian Museum, fish assemblages.Global Change Biology, 30: 1425-1441. 70(1): 1–111. 24(7): 3117-3129. 80. Rivers, H., 2018. A comparison of 62. Newman, L.J. and L.R.G. Cannon, 71. Phuong, M.A. and G.N. Mahardika, the composition of juvenile and adult 2000. A new genus of euryleptid 2018. Targeted sequencing of venon scleractinial coral populations after (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) genes from cone snail genomes improves major disturbance at Lizard Island. from the IndoPacific.Journal of Natural understanding of conotoxin molecular Undergraduate thesis, School for History, 34(2): 191-205. evolution. Molecular Ecology and Evolution, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy034. International Training, USA. 63. Nicolet, K.J., K.M. 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22 23 Donors to Lizard Ronnie Harding and Derek Anderson Hermon Slade Raiatea Foundation Paul and Gail Harris Dick and Pip Smith Foundation Island Reef Research Chestnut Tree Foundation, Josh and Erica Stewart Foundation Hartog family John and Christina Stitt Bill and Alison Hayward Jane Taylor and Scott Malcolm Kate Hayward Robert and Kyrenia Thomas Life Members Tom Hayward and Fiona Martin-Weber Lyle Vail AM and Anne Hoggett AM Peter Teakle Estate of the Late Geraldine Haworth Jol and Jane Valentine Ken Coles AM and Heath Cosgrove Charitable Fund John Villiers Trust Rowena Danziger AM Jane Hemstritch Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation Susan Maple-Brown AM John Higgins and Jodie Maunder Rob and Bron Wannan Vivian and Wendy King Greg and Gina Hooper Helen Wellings Paul and Lucie Slade The Ian Potter Foundation Sarah Whyte Michael and Catherine Batten The John Villiers Trust Brooks Wilson AM and Ann Wilson Jim and Nancy Bildner Elizabeth and Robert Johnson Bill Winning David and Daniela Shannon Chris Joscelyne Sue Woodhead James N. Kirby Foundation Yulgilbar Foundation Members James Kirby and Claire Wivell Plater Kim Zegenhagen and Andrew Preston Mrs. Antionette Albert Raymond Kirby AO and Deidre Kirby Virginia and Rob Zink Hugh Allen and Judith Ainge Catherine Livingstone AO and Terrey Arcus Michael Satterthwaite HOW TO DONATE David and Megan Armstrong Mrs. Juliet Lockhart Tass and Chrisanthy Atgemis Diccon and Elizabeth Loxton Your donation to the Foundation Apollo Sports Company Margaret MacDonald provides essential support for the Philip Bacon AM Madden Sainsbury Foundation scientific work at Lizard Island. Steven Balicki and Audrey Lyon Pat and Jan Mannix Every cent of every dollar donated Greer and Jay Banyer Maple-Brown Abbott will be spent (a) directly funding science Ken and Roddy Bell Maple-Brown Family Foundation Fellowships and research projects or Peter and Penny Berents Robert and Sarah McKay (b) improving and maintaining facilities Bill and Annette Blinco Ian and Margaret McKellar at the Research Station. Trustees are Graham Bradley AM and Russell and Meg Millner substantial donors in their own right Charlene Bradley Gordon Moffatt AM and donate their time to administrative S.L. Bray Memorial Foundation Moller Family Foundation tasks. Thanks also to support from the Ben Carroll Lynton and Susan Morgan Australian Museum, the Foundation John Charrington and Pamela McBride David and Barbara Mortimer operates with very low costs of Shirley Coles John and Jacqui Mullen fundraising and administration. John and Chris Collingwood Gretel Packer Peter Curry and Penny Davis Mrs. Roslyn Packer AC You can donate online at lirrf.org Delaware North Australia Parks Peters Family Foundation or by direct deposit to: and Resorts Tony and Heather Power Account name: Lizard Island Reef Dennis and Susan Deane Pricewaterhouse Coopers Research Foundation Christopher Dibden John and Laurine Proud Family BSB: 032102 Percy and Nicola Ellis Estate Trust No. 1 Account number: 473788 Mark and Annie Fesq Robert Purves AM Michael Fordham and Georgie Haysom Raymond E. Purves Foundation For a direct deposit, please Estate of the Late Zoltan Florian Thyne Reid Foundation (1) use your last name as the reference Don Fry AO and Susan Fry Peter Rockey and Patricia Roberts and (2) send an email to James and Leonie Furber Rossi Foundation [email protected] advising your Katherine Gambini Maryann and Shaw Russett full name and mailing address Belinda Gibson Alan and Lynne Rydge so a receipt can be sent. Chris Goatley Rolf and Lee Schimann Donations of $2 or more are John and Margie Goodall David and Daniela Shannon tax deductible. Rosemary Gough Simon Shannon Sally and Stewart Gough John Sharpe and Claire Armstrong Andrew Green and Graham Sherry OAM and Kim Olzak Colette Garnsey OAM Charlie Shuetrim AM Peter and Linda Greer and Sandy Shuetrim Geoff and Elisabeth Haddy Geoffrey Shuetrim and Alex Heath Mike and Louise Hamshere David and Vanessa Shuetrim Hanlon Foundation Nell and Hermon Slade Trust

24 Published April 2019

All photographs by Lyle Vail or Anne Hoggett unless otherwise indicated. Fellowship and grant winners provided own photos.

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Front cover Divers completing their safety stop before surfacing. Inside cover LIRS boats, the Blue Lagoon and Palfrey Island at right. Photo by Colin Price.

ISSN 0729-0942 Supported by the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation

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