Hivos Annual Report 2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

HIVOS ANNUAL REPORT 2020 © Courtesy of SRHR Fund / Hivos 67 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Message from the Executive Board 3 7 Governance and Risks 37 7.1 Organization structure, 37 2 Supervisory Council report 8 governance and management 7.2 Financial results for 2020 37 3 The Hivos Way 11 7.3 Communication with stakeholders 42 7.4 Key risks and uncertainties 45 4 Key figures 14 7.5 Expected course of affairs: looking 48 into the future 5 Impact 2020 15 5.1 Freedom and Accountability 17 8 Annual accounts 50 5.2 Sexual Rights and Diversity 22 5.3 Women’s Empowerment 26 Independent auditor’s report 70 5.4 Renewable Energy 29 5.5 Sustainable Food 32 Annex SAFE Platform 72 6 Our partners 35 1. Message from the Executive Board 2. Supervisory Council report 3. The Hivos way 4. Hivos key figures 5. Impact 2020 6. Our Partners 7. Governance and Risks 8. Annual accounts Annex 1. MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE BOARD EFINING TRENDS IN 2020 Although some countries used the pandemic’s of power in Russia and China. This trend will only The year 2020 will be forever marked by economic fallout to make companies switch to perpetuate the ongoing decline in freedom and Covid-19. More than two million people more sustainable models, others helped major shrinking civic space in these countries and around D died from the virus last year, and tens polluters survive with government subsidies. the world. It is first of all the vulnerable groups in of millions more have fallen seriously these societies - woman and girls, LGBTIQ+ people, ill. The pandemic not only causes health risks and A number of Gulf States, Sudan and Morocco signed political opponents - that will come under threat a worrying strain on healthcare systems around the bilateral treaties with Israel. However, the bone and face repression. globe, it severely affects the very fabric of society. of conflict in the region - the position and rights Hundreds of millions worldwide have temporarily or of the Palestine people - was not at all addressed. Our greatest concern is that civil society is right permanently lost their jobs and sources of income, Worse still, in 2021 we saw the conflict erupt again now under more pressure than ever. This is having a and lockdowns have uprooted economic and social over Israeli government evictions of Palestinians terrible impact on those who were already pushed life. We also saw a horrifying surge of gender- in Jerusalem and illegal occupation of Palestinian to the sidelines. So Hivos is determined to establish based violence and discrimination against LGBTIQ+ territory. strong alliances and partnerships with enough communities. And, in the name of Covid-19 safety clout to try and prevent the current decline in civic measures, some governments swiftly put their Another important movement to note in 2020 freedoms from extending far into the future. citizens under increased surveillance and scrutiny. was - despite the pandemic’s restrictions - a global This has led to a substantial global decline in protest against racism sparked by the murder of HIVOS AND ITS NETWORK OF PARTNERS democracy and civil freedoms, which directly George Floyd in the US. This not only renewed the Covid-19 also touched off an extraordinary year influences the people we work with and for. demands of #BlackLivesMatter, but resulted in a for Hivos, directly impacting how we and our more widespread discussion of racism and institutional than 500 partners across the globe could work. For Although travel plummeted globally in 2020, racism, including within Hivos. We will follow up example, we ended 2019 with our Keystone partner the effects of climate change only increased, on this in 2021 and institute measures to prevent survey and dialogue sessions in Nairobi and Harare. underlining the urgency of addressing the climate institutional racism and deal with acts of racism and But due to the pandemic, we could not complete crisis. Massive wildfires in the Amazon, Australia discrimination should they occur within Hivos or the dialogue sessions everywhere. So instead, we and the US, tropical storms in the US, Southeast our partner organizations. conducted a partner vulnerability survey in March Asia and Central America, the highest temperatures and April to assess how the pandemic was affecting ever recorded in Antarctica, and continuing We have seen a rise of authoritarianism across our partners. From that survey, we learned what to desertification in the Sahara, all coincided with a the globe, from Uganda to Belarus to Myanmar, adapt and support. Fortunately, most of our partner sluggish implementation of the Paris Agreement. amongst others, and the continuing consolidation organizations have survived 2020, although some 03 HIVOS ANNUAL REPORT 2020 1. Message from the Executive Board 2. Supervisory Council report 3. The Hivos way 4. Hivos key figures 5. Impact 2020 6. Our Partners 7. Governance and Risks 8. Annual accounts Annex just barely, while others are still working under under challenging circumstances, including not seven million people worldwide: three and a half difficult conditions. meeting face to face and working mostly from times the total Covid-19 death toll as it stands today. home. We also managed to address some of our partners’ All these problems combined have scared and concerns. We started the Hivos Rapid Response Unfortunately, the pandemic did make us suffer angered people everywhere. This leaves many prey Fund, which allocated small grants to partners to a number of setbacks because of the economic to populist, authoritarian and polarizing forces that help them manage immediate needs. We launched downturn and change in political priorities it caused. increasingly dominate public debate with fear-based ACTION, a new EU-funded program that supports For example, funding for our Strong in Diversity – Bold narratives. But to counter these global developments, vulnerable populations affected by the pandemic on Inclusion program, that addressed the persisting and to achieve real structural change, the opposite is in Indonesia plus we received some extra funding challenges facing the LGBTIQ+ community in five needed. People have to work together in a positive from the Global Fund in Latin America. And our All cities in Africa, was totally withdrawn by DFID, now and unifying way, and the collective, constructive Eyes on the Amazon program initiated the Amazon FCDO, due to a change in funding priorities. action of civil society is more necessary than ever. Indigenous Health route, aimed at providing a A shift to a just and life-sustaining global society localized response to Covid-19 in the Amazon. OUR WORK IS MORE NEEDED will require major transitions in all domains of life. Finally, we raised money for a Hivos solidarity fund to THAN EVER Hivos deeply believes that people are the key to help women energy entrepreneurs from ENERGIA’s Right now, secure livelihoods, equality, and successfully turning around current system failures. partners in Africa and Asia cope with the economic inclusion are still a pipedream for at least a billion Luckily, there are many individuals, groups and and social consequences of lockdowns. Overall, we people around the world. The global economy, organizations fighting to redress power imbalances have to thank our donors who allowed a flexible heavily reliant on commercial (often multinational) and achieve climate justice, gender equality, diversity reinterpretation of projects, a move from offline to enterprises, continues to serve the short-term and inclusion. It is Hivos’ heartfelt mission to support online activities, and budget shifts. Other donors interests of shareholders instead of the common these people whenever and wherever possible. allowed activities to be postponed, but maintained good and longer-term societal values. Partly as a payments - and hence continuity - for civil society result of this, 2020 proved again to be an alarming SHAPING OUR PROGRAMMATIC FUTURE partners, consortium partners and Hivos. year for our environment, with climate emergencies We obviously cannot do this without the support of on a global scale. It was the world’s hottest year on our long-term donors. First of all, we should mention So despite the pandemic, our regular work did carry record, and irreversible damage has been done to our longstanding and deeply appreciated alliance on, albeit under different circumstances. We would both ecosystems and a huge part of the world’s with the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 2020 a explicitly like to thank our partner organizations for population. Global warming threatens to drive at new phase started in our partnership with the Dutch their resilience, inventiveness, and stamina. We are least another 132 million people into poverty the government thanks to three new programs: We impressed by how much we have achieved together next ten years. In 2020, air pollution alone killed Lead, Voices for Climate Action, and the extension 04 HIVOS ANNUAL REPORT 2020 1. Message from the Executive Board 2. Supervisory Council report 3. The Hivos way 4. Hivos key figures 5. Impact 2020 6. Our Partners 7. Governance and Risks 8. Annual accounts Annex of the voice program we implement with Oxfam- failed to secure funding with other donors to do so. of this year, to ensure Hivos remains well-equipped Novib. We Lead focuses on young women living Nevertheless, the evaluation of the Citizen Agency to address today’s challenges together with our with a disability, with HIV, affected by displacement, Consortium programs was positive, and we are partners and allies. We will bring more focus to our or identifying as LBTI. Voices for Climate Action, proud of the results achieved. programs, concentrate on scaling our impact, realize implemented by a consortium which includes broader support for societal changes, deepen our Hivos, unites civil society with Indigenous peoples, We are happy to see that many more major donors commitment to local leadership, and decentralize women, youth, and the urban poor, in a strong are helping shape our programmatic future.
Recommended publications
  • Arxiv:2009.03244V1 [Astro-Ph.HE] 7 Sep 2020

    Arxiv:2009.03244V1 [Astro-Ph.HE] 7 Sep 2020

    Advances in Understanding High-Mass X-ray Binaries with INTEGRAL and Future Directions Peter Kretschmara, Felix Furst¨ b, Lara Sidolic, Enrico Bozzod, Julia Alfonso-Garzon´ e, Arash Bodagheef, Sylvain Chatyg,h, Masha Chernyakovai,j, Carlo Ferrignod, Antonios Manousakisk,l, Ignacio Negueruelam, Konstantin Postnovn,o, Adamantia Paizisc, Pablo Reigp,q, Jose´ Joaqu´ın Rodes-Rocar,s, Sergey Tsygankovt,u, Antony J. Birdv, Matthias Bissinger ne´ Kuhnel¨ w, Pere Blayx, Isabel Caballeroy, Malcolm J. Coev, Albert Domingoe, Victor Doroshenkoz,u, Lorenzo Duccid,z, Maurizio Falangaaa, Sergei A. Grebenevu, Victoria Grinbergz, Paul Hemphillab, Ingo Kreykenbohmac,w, Sonja Kreykenbohm nee´ Fritzad,ac, Jian Liae, Alexander A. Lutovinovu, Silvia Mart´ınez-Nu´nez˜ af, J. Miguel Mas-Hessee, Nicola Masettiag,ah, Vanessa A. McBrideai,aj,ak, Andrii Neronovh,d, Katja Pottschmidtal,am,Jer´ omeˆ Rodriguezg, Patrizia Romanoan, Richard E. Rothschildao, Andrea Santangeloz, Vito Sgueraag,Rudiger¨ Staubertz, John A. Tomsickap, Jose´ Miguel Torrejon´ r,s, Diego F. Torresaq,ar, Roland Walterd,Jorn¨ Wilmsac,w, Colleen A. Wilson-Hodgeas, Shu Zhangat Abstract High mass X-ray binaries are among the brightest X-ray sources in the Milky Way, as well as in nearby Galaxies. Thanks to their highly variable emissions and complex phenomenology, they have attracted the interest of the high energy astrophysical community since the dawn of X-ray Astronomy. In more recent years, they have challenged our comprehension of physical processes in many more energy bands, ranging from the infrared to very high energies. In this review, we provide a broad but concise summary of the physical processes dominating the emission from high mass X-ray binaries across virtually the whole electromagnetic spectrum.
  • Road Map of HEAPA-Related Future Missions HEAPA 4Th Future Plan Review Committee 2020/10-2022/9 Lead: Kazuhiro Nakazawa (Nagoya-U/KMI)

    Road Map of HEAPA-Related Future Missions HEAPA 4Th Future Plan Review Committee 2020/10-2022/9 Lead: Kazuhiro Nakazawa (Nagoya-U/KMI)

    20th HEAPA WS 2021/3/8-10 Road map of HEAPA-related future missions HEAPA 4th Future Plan Review Committee 2020/10-2022/9 Lead: Kazuhiro Nakazawa (Nagoya-U/KMI) JAXA Summary of the 3rd committee outcome Vision Preface Astronomical X-ray and Gamma-ray observations are directly related with understanding the how matter and energy exits within the Universe, not only celestial objects, but also the volume itself. They are also key enablers to dig into the extreme physics. In the two broadest aims of astrophysical research, understand the Universe as of now, and understand how it came to be as such, high-energy astrophysics plays an essential role. Summary of the 3rd committee outcome Vision: three big goals Understand our Universe; matter, energy and spacetime, and its origin Dark matter : LSS/clusters to see where DM are, and search for DM direct signal Missing baryon : how the baryon and metals are distributed in the Universe Origins of the large diversity in Universe and celestial objects Galaxy and SMBH co-evolution and their impact on re-ionization Metal synthesis in the Universe Relativistic high-energy phenomena in the Universe Verifying fundamental physics in extreme condition Extreme gravitation : stellar-mass BH, SMBH Extreme high-density matter EoS : Neutron star, quark star Extreme magnetism : Magnetar Diffusive shock : wide variety of yet to be known interactions therein Dark Matter (Re): search for its direct signal Summary of the 3rd committee outcome Mission Categories by JAXA class How to launch Definition and budget Strategic H-IIA, H-III Top science. Flagship mission of Large class each community.
  • Arcus: the X-Ray Grating Spectrometer Explorer R

    Arcus: the X-Ray Grating Spectrometer Explorer R

    Arcus: The X-ray Grating Spectrometer Explorer R. K. Smith*a, M. Abrahamb, R. Allureda, M. Bautzc, J. Bookbinderd, J. Bregmane, L. Brennemana, N. S. Brickhousea, D. Burrowsf, V. Burwitzg, P. N. Cheimetsa, E. Costantinih, S. Dawsonc, C. DeRooa, A. Falconef, A. R. Fostera, L. Galloi, C. E. Grantc, H. M. Güntherc, R. K. Heilmannc, E. Hertza, B. Hined, D. Huenemoerderc, J. S. Kaastrah, I. Kreykenbohmj, K. K. Madsenk, R. McEntafferf, E. Millerc, J. Millere, E. Morsel, R. Mushotzkym, K. Nandrag, M. Nowakc, F. Paerelsn, R. Petreo, K. Poppenhaegerp, A. Ptako, P. Reida, J. Sandersg, M. Schattenburgc, N. Schulzc, A. Smaleo, P. Temid, L. Valencicq, S. Walkerd, R. Willingaler, J. Wilmsj, S. J. Wolka aSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA, US; bThe Aerospace Corp, Pasadena, CA, US, cMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, US; dNASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA US; eUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US; fThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, US; gMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, DE; hS- RON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, NL; iSaint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada; jFrie- drich-Alexander-Universitaet, Erlangen-Nürnberg, DE; kCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, US; lOrbital ATK, Dulles, VA, US; mUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD, US; nColumbia University, New York, NY, US; oNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, US, pQueen’s University, Belfast, UK; qJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, US; rUniversity of Leicester, Leicester, UK 1. ABSTRACT Arcus, a Medium Explorer (MIDEX) mission, was selected by NASA for a Phase A study in August 2017. The observatory provides high-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy in the 12-50Å bandpass with unprecedent- ed sensitivity: effective areas of >450 cm2 and spectral resolution >2500.
  • The Polarized Spectral Energy Distribution of NGC 4151

    The Polarized Spectral Energy Distribution of NGC 4151

    MNRAS 496, 215–222 (2020) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1533 Advance Access publication 2020 June 3 The polarized spectral energy distribution of NGC 4151 F. Marin ,1‹ J. Le Cam,2 E. Lopez-Rodriguez,3 M. Kolehmainen,1 B. L. Babler4 and M. R. Meade4 1Universite´ de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, France 2Institut d’optique Graduate School, 91120 Palaiseau, France 3SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA 4Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/496/1/215/5850780 by guest on 30 September 2021 Accepted 2020 May 25. Received 2020 May 15; in original form 2020 March 17 ABSTRACT NGC 4151 is among the most well-studied Seyfert galaxies that does not suffer from strong obscuration along the observer’s line of sight. This allows to probe the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) engine with photometry, spectroscopy, reverberation mapping, or interferometry. Yet, the broad-band polarization from NGC 4151 has been poorly examined in the past despite the fact that polarimetry gives us a much cleaner view of the AGN physics than photometry or spectroscopy alone. In this paper, we compile the 0.15–89.0 μm total and polarized fluxes of NGC 4151 from archival and new data in order to examine the physical processes at work in the heart of this AGN. We demonstrate that, from the optical to the near-infrared (IR) band, the polarized spectrum of NGC 4151 shows a much bluer power-law spectral index than that of the total flux, corroborating the presence of an optically thick, locally heated accretion flow, at least in its near-IR emitting radii.
  • 16Th HEAD Meeting Session Table of Contents

    16Th HEAD Meeting Session Table of Contents

    16th HEAD Meeting Sun Valley, Idaho – August, 2017 Meeting Abstracts Session Table of Contents 99 – Public Talk - Revealing the Hidden, High Energy Sun, 204 – Mid-Career Prize Talk - X-ray Winds from Black Rachel Osten Holes, Jon Miller 100 – Solar/Stellar Compact I 205 – ISM & Galaxies 101 – AGN in Dwarf Galaxies 206 – First Results from NICER: X-ray Astrophysics from 102 – High-Energy and Multiwavelength Polarimetry: the International Space Station Current Status and New Frontiers 300 – Black Holes Across the Mass Spectrum 103 – Missions & Instruments Poster Session 301 – The Future of Spectral-Timing of Compact Objects 104 – First Results from NICER: X-ray Astrophysics from 302 – Synergies with the Millihertz Gravitational Wave the International Space Station Poster Session Universe 105 – Galaxy Clusters and Cosmology Poster Session 303 – Dissertation Prize Talk - Stellar Death by Black 106 – AGN Poster Session Hole: How Tidal Disruption Events Unveil the High 107 – ISM & Galaxies Poster Session Energy Universe, Eric Coughlin 108 – Stellar Compact Poster Session 304 – Missions & Instruments 109 – Black Holes, Neutron Stars and ULX Sources Poster 305 – SNR/GRB/Gravitational Waves Session 306 – Cosmic Ray Feedback: From Supernova Remnants 110 – Supernovae and Particle Acceleration Poster Session to Galaxy Clusters 111 – Electromagnetic & Gravitational Transients Poster 307 – Diagnosing Astrophysics of Collisional Plasmas - A Session Joint HEAD/LAD Session 112 – Physics of Hot Plasmas Poster Session 400 – Solar/Stellar Compact II 113
  • Cygnus X-3 and the Case for Simultaneous Multifrequency

    Cygnus X-3 and the Case for Simultaneous Multifrequency

    by France Anne-Dominic Cordova lthough the visible radiation of Cygnus A X-3 is absorbed in a dusty spiral arm of our gal- axy, its radiation in other spectral regions is observed to be extraordinary. In a recent effort to better understand the causes of that radiation, a group of astrophysicists, including the author, carried 39 Cygnus X-3 out an unprecedented experiment. For two days in October 1985 they directed toward the source a variety of instru- ments, located in the United States, Europe, and space, hoping to observe, for the first time simultaneously, its emissions 9 18 Gamma Rays at frequencies ranging from 10 to 10 Radiation hertz. The battery of detectors included a very-long-baseline interferometer consist- ing of six radio telescopes scattered across the United States and Europe; the Na- tional Radio Astronomy Observatory’s Very Large Array in New Mexico; Caltech’s millimeter-wavelength inter- ferometer at the Owens Valley Radio Ob- servatory in California; NASA’s 3-meter infrared telescope on Mauna Kea in Ha- waii; and the x-ray monitor aboard the European Space Agency’s EXOSAT, a sat- ellite in a highly elliptical, nearly polar orbit, whose apogee is halfway between the earth and the moon. In addition, gamma- Wavelength (m) ray detectors on Mount Hopkins in Ari- zona, on the rim of Haleakala Crater in Fig. 1. The energy flux at the earth due to electromagnetic radiation from Cygnus X-3 as a Hawaii, and near Leeds, England, covered function of the frequency and, equivalently, energy and wavelength of the radiation.
  • The Future of X-Rayastronomy

    The Future of X-Rayastronomy

    The Future of X-rayAstronomy Keith Arnaud [email protected] High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center University of Maryland College Park and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Themes Politics Efficient high resolution spectroscopy Mirrors Polarimetry Other missions Interferometry Themes Politics Efficient high resolution spectroscopy Mirrors Polarimetry Other missions Interferometry How do we get a new X-ray astronomy experiment? A group of scientists and engineers makes a proposal to a national (or international) space agency. This will include a science case and a description of the technology to be used (which should generally be in a mature state). In principal you can make an unsolicited proposal but in practice space agencies have proposal rounds in the same way that individual missions have observing proposal rounds. NASA : Small Explorer (SMEX) and Medium Explorer (MIDEX): every ~2 years alternating Small and Medium, three selected for study for one year from which one is selected for launch. RXTE, GALEX, NuSTAR, Swift, IXPE Arcus, a high resolution X-ray spectroscopy mission was a finalist in the latest MIDEX round but was not selected. Missions of Opportunity (MO): every ~2 years includes balloon programs, ISS instruments and contributions to foreign missions. Suzaku, Hitomi, NICER, XRISM Large missions such as HST, Chandra, JWST are not selected by such proposals but are decided as national priorities through the Astronomy Decadal process. Every ten years a survey is run by the National Academy of Sciences to decide on priorities for both land-based and space-based astronomy. 1960: HST; 1970: VLA; 1980: VLBA; 1990: Chandra and SIRTF; 2000: JWST and ALMA; 2010 WFIRST and LSST.
  • AGENDA Northbrae Community Church January 13, 2010 7:00 P.M

    AGENDA Northbrae Community Church January 13, 2010 7:00 P.M

    Please Note: BERKELEY PUBLIC LIBRARY Special Location BOARD OF LIBRARY TRUSTEES REGULAR Meeting AGENDA Northbrae Community Church January 13, 2010 7:00 p.m. 941 The Alameda (cross street Los Angeles) The Board of Library Trustees may act on any item on this agenda. I. CALL TO ORDER II. WORKSHOP SESSION ON MEASURE FF NORTH BRANCH LIBRARY UPDATE A. Presentation by Architectural Resource Group / Tom Eliot Fisch Architects on the Schematic Design Phase; and Staff Report on the Process, Community Input and Next Steps. B. Public Comments on this item only (Proposed 15-minute time limit, with speakers allowed 3 minutes each) C. Board Discussion III. PRELIMINARY MATTERS A. Public Comments (Proposed 30-minute time limit, with speakers allowed 3 minutes each) B. Report from library employees and unions, discussion of staff issues Comments / responses to reports and issues addressed in packet. C. Report from Board of Library Trustees D. Approval of Agenda IV. PRESENTATION A. Report on Branch Renovation Program Presented by Steve Dewan, Kitchell CEM V. CONSENT CALENDAR The Board will consider removal and addition of items to the Consent Calendar prior to voting on the Consent Calendar. All items remaining on the Consent Calendar will be approved in one motion. A. Approve minutes of December 9, 2009 Regular Meeting Recommendation: Approve the minutes of the December 9, 2009 regular meeting of the Board of Library Trustees. B. Closure of the Tool Lending Library for Annual Tool Maintenance from February 28 Through March 13, 2010 Recommendation: Adopt the attached resolution authorizing the closure of the Tool Lending Library from February 28 through March 13, 2010 and reopening on March 16, 2010.
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee for 2017

    Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee for 2017

    Director’s Office 933 North Cherry Avenue Steward Observatory P.O. Box 210065 URL: www.as.arizona.edu Tucson, AZ 85721-0065 Telephone: (520) 621-6524 [email protected] March 15, 2018 Dr. France A. Córdova, Director National Science Foundation 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 19000 Alexandria, VA 22314 Mr. Robert M. Lightfoot, Jr., Acting Administrator Office of the Administrator NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 Mr. Richard Perry, Secretary of Energy U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 The Honorable John Thune, Chairman Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Lisa Murkowski, Chairwoman Committee on Energy & Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Lamar Smith, Chairman Committee on Science, Space and Technology United States House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515 Dear Dr. Córdova, Mr. Lightfoot, Secretary Perry, Chairman Thune, Chairwoman Murkowski, and Chairman Smith: I am pleased to transmit to you the annual report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee for 2017. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee was established under the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 Public Law 107-368 to: (1) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the coordination of astronomy and astrophysics programs of the Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Energy; Arizona’s First University – Since 1885 Dr.
  • ROSAT All-Sky Survey

    ROSAT All-Sky Survey

    ROSAT All-Sky Survey S. R. Kulkarni July 22, 2020{July 27, 2020 The Russian-German mission, Spektr-R¨ongtenGamma (SRG) is on the verge of revolution- izing X-ray astronomy. One of the instruments, eROSITA, will be undertaking an imaging survey of the X-ray sky. Each six-month the entire sky will be covered to a sensitivity which is ten times better than the previous such survey (ROSAT). After eight semesters SRG will undertake pointed observations. I provide a condensed history so that a young student can appreciate the importance of SRG/eROSITA. The first all sky survey was undertaken by the Uhuru (aka SAS-1; 1970) satellite. This was followed up by HEAO-1 (aka HEAO-A; 1977) surveys. These surveys detected 339 and 843 sources in the 2{10 keV band. For those interested in arcana, 1 Uhuru count/s is 1:7 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 2{6 keV band. The next major mission was HEAO-2 (aka Einstein; launched in 1978). This was a game changer since, unlike the past missions which used essentially collimators or shadow cam- eras, the centerpiece of Einstein was a true imaging telescope. Furthermore the mission carried an amazing complement of imagers and spectrometers in the focal plane. The mission coincided with my graduate school (1978-1983). R¨ontgensatellit (ROSAT) was a German mission to undertake an X-ray imaging survey of the entire sky { the first such survey. Launched in 1990 it lasted for eight years. It carried two Positional Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC; 0.1{2.4 keV), a High Resolution Imager (HRI) and the Wide Field Camera (WFC; 60{300 A).˚ The PSPC, with a field-of- view of 2 degrees, was the primary work horse for the X-ray sky survey and was > 100 more sensitive than the pioneering Uhuru and HEAO-A1 surveys.
  • NASA Selects Proposals to Study Neutron Stars, Black Holes and More 31 July 2015

    NASA Selects Proposals to Study Neutron Stars, Black Holes and More 31 July 2015

    NASA selects proposals to study neutron stars, black holes and more 31 July 2015 have returned transformational science, and these selections promise to continue that tradition." The proposals were selected based on potential science value and feasibility of development plans. One of each mission type will be selected by 2017, after concept studies and detailed evaluations, to proceed with construction and launch, the earliest of which could be launched by 2020. Small Explorer mission costs are capped at $125 million each, excluding the launch vehicle, and Mission of Opportunity costs are capped at $65 million each. Each Astrophysics Small Explorer mission will receive $1 million to conduct an 11-month mission concept study. The selected proposals are: The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), SPHEREx: An All-Sky Near-Infrared Spectral launched in 2012, is an Explorer mission that allows astronomers to study the universe in high energy X-rays. Survey Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech James Bock, principal investigator at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California SA has selected five proposals submitted to its SPHEREx will perform an all-sky near infrared Explorers Program to conduct focused scientific spectral survey to probe the origin of our Universe; investigations and develop instruments that fill the explore the origin and evolution of galaxies, and scientific gaps between the agency's larger explore whether planets around other stars could missions. harbor life. The selected proposals, three Astrophysics Small Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) Explorer missions and two Explorer Missions of Opportunity, will study polarized X-ray emissions Martin Weisskopf, principal investigator at NASA's from neutron star-black hole binary systems, the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, exponential expansion of space in the early Alabama universe, galaxies in the early universe, and star formation in our Milky Way galaxy.
  • NASA Selects Proposals to Study Neutron Stars, Black Holes and More

    NASA Selects Proposals to Study Neutron Stars, Black Holes and More

    NASA Selects Proposals to Study Neutron Stars, Black Holes and More NEWS PROVIDED BY NASA Jul 30, 2015, 05:15 ET WASHINGTON, July 30, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- NASA has selected ve proposals submitted to its Explorers Program to conduct focused scientic investigations and develop instruments that ll the scientic gaps between the agency's larger missions. The selected proposals, three Astrophysics Small Explorer missions and two Explorer Missions of Opportunity, will study polarized X-ray emissions from neutron star-black hole binary systems, the exponential expansion of space in the early universe, galaxies in the early universe, and star formation in our Milky Way galaxy. "The Explorers Program brings out some of the most creative ideas for missions to help unravel the mysteries of the Universe," said John Grunsfeld, NASA's Associate Administrator for Science at NASA Headquarters, in Washington. "The program has resulted in great missions that have returned transformational science, and these selections promise to continue that tradition." The proposals were selected based on potential science value and feasibility of development plans. One of each mission type will be selected by 2017, after concept studies and detailed evaluations, to proceed with construction and launch, the earliest of which could be launched by 2020. Small Explorer mission costs are capped at $125 million each, excluding the launch vehicle, and Mission of Opportunity costs are capped at $65 million each. Each Astrophysics Small Explorer mission will receive $1 million to conduct an 11-month mission concept study. The selected proposals are: SPHEREx: An All-Sky Near-Infrared Spectral Survey James Bock, principal investigator at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California SPHEREx will perform an all-sky near infrared spectral survey to probe the origin of our Universe; explore the origin and evolution of galaxies, and explore whether planets around other stars could harbor life.