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Geology of the Willow Springs and Rosamond Quadrangles California

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Geology of the Willow Springs and Rosamond Quadrangles California Geology of the Willow Springs and Rosamond Quadrangles California By T. W. DIBBLEE, JR. GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DESERTS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1089-C The geology and mineral resources of an important part of the western Mojave Desert UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 V UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. x CONTENTS Page Abstract_. _______________________________________________________ 141 ^ Introduction._____________________________________________________ 143 Location and extent of area.____________________________________ 143 Purpose of investigation..___-_.._________-___-___--_-------_---_ 143 Previous wqrk______-_________-__-_-____________--_-__--_-_--^- 143 Present investigation and acknowledgments.___'__________-_--___-_ 145 Geography and topography.__--_-_-_________________-__--_----._--- 146 Regional geologic setting.__________________________________________ 147 -» Rock units---------..-----------------------_----------.--------- 147 Pre-Tertiary crystalline rocks. __________________________________ 148 Metamorphic rocks________________________________________ 148 Pelona schist...-----------------__------_---------_--- 148 Bean Canyon formation._______________________________ 149 Metaquartz latite..____________________________________ 155 Plutonic rocks..-._-_______________________________________ 156 _j Hornblende diorite.--..-_._____..__________-__--------- 156 Hornblende-quartz diorite. _______.____-_____-_----__-__ 157 Quartz diorite.-_______________________________________ 158 Quartz monzonite._________.____..____-_--__-----_---- 159 Granite and granite pegmatite and aplite.________________ 162 , Quartz monzonite pegmatite and aplite.._________________ 162 Tertiary volcanic, pyroclastic, and sedimentary rocks..____________ 163 Tropico group..---__------_-___.---___-----.----_-------.- 163 Nomenclature, distribution, and subdivisions..____________ 163 ;, Gem Hill formation.___________________________________ 164 Fiss fanglomerate._____________________________________ 187 Bissell formation._____________________________________ 191 Unnamed Pliocene(?) formation..____________________ _______ 198 V Quaternary sedimentary deposits.------------------------------- 199 Older alluvium.-.-.._---........---...--__-_---------.---- 199 Alluvium and other surficial deposits.________________________ 202 H Structure.--...-.-__...--...-_....-.----..-.-.___..__...._------_- 205 Tehachapi Mountains area...___________________________________ 205 Bissell Hills area._____________________________________________ 207 Rosamond Hills area.___________________________________________ 208 A Soledad Mountain area.___________________________-____---__-_- 210 Middle Buttes area__________________-________-________--______ 210 Tropico Hill-Willow Springs Mountain area.-..------------------- 210 Antelope Valley area-_________-_-____----__-_--_---___-_---_-_- 213 Geologic history.--_________________^______________________________ 214 Pre-Tertiary history.__________________________________________ 214 Late Mesozoic and early Tertiary erosion.-_____________________._ 215 ij Middle(?) Tertiary diastrophism, volcanism, and deposition.......__ 215 Late Tertiary and Quaternary diastrophism and deposition.-_______ 216 "i m IV CONTENTS Page Geomorphology ______ __-____--__-___-_-----__-___-_______.___.__ 217 Tehachapi Mountains and vicinity___-_.--_____----_...,_______.__ 218 Mojave Desert area-_-_____---------__--_----_---___..-__-___-__ 219 Drainage history________-_--_--__--_-------_--_-_-__._________ 221 Mineral resources_____________--__-_--__---___________________..__ 223 History.__..__.._..__...._.___.__..____.__.._.___...__..._._. 223 Gold-silver deposits..___________________________________________ 225 Mines of Soledad Mountain area. __---_--___-__._,:-_________ 226 Mines of Middle Buttes area._____________________'__________ 231 Mines of Willow Springs Mountain. __________________________ 233 Mines of Tropico Hill. -- _- ---- _ ._.-_..__... 233 Arsenic ore___________________________________________________ 235 Radioactive minerals.___________-_____-___-____--^____________- 235 Rosamond Hills area.______________________________________ 235 Rosamond uranium prospect-___________________________ 235 Stillwell property.....-..--_.---._--.-_-._.._.__..__._- 237 Middle Buttes area.__._-.--__-___-_____________._________. 237 Soledad Mountain area.-...-----_-------___-__.____________ 238 Tropico Hill-Willow Springs Mountain area___________________ 238 Magnesite. _ _____-__-_____-__--_----_-__---__-___-______ __-___ 239 Clay _ _ _ _- _- _ _ _ __-- _-_ __ 24Q Limestone. _ ___________________________________________________ 240 Feldspar. __ _________________ _ _______________________________ 241 Quartz. -- _- _- - _ _ __-_ _ __ . 241 Volcanic rock-_-_--__-.______-___-_-_____________________-____ 242 Perlite.-_-_---__---__.___-.____---___________________________ 242 Ornamental stone..____________________________________________ 243 Saline deposits____-___.___-_____----_--__-_______--___________ 243 Petroleum and natural gas._____________________________________ 245 Literature cited___________________________________________________ 247 Index. _.-____.___________..__._..___.________.._.. _._i.___________ 251 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 10. Geologic map and sections of the Willow Springs and Rosa­ mond quadrangles, California_--__--___-______--.___ In pocket 11. Generalized geologic map of the Mojave Desert region, California, showing geologic setting of the Willow Springs and Rosamond quadrangles_______________________ In pocket FIGURE 5. Index map of Mojave Desert and vicinity, California, showing location of area mapped.__________________-__--__--__- 144 6. Fiss fanglomerate overlying Gem Hill formation.___________ 167 7. Bobtail quartz latite member of Gem Hill formation in Soledad Mountain ______________________-__--------_--------_ 167 8. Gem Hill formation at type section.______________________ 170 9. Basal tuff of Gem Hill formation overlying quartz monzonite. 172 10. Bissell formation overlying Gem Hill formation..___________ 192 11. Claystone member of Bissell formation._______._______._-- 195 CONTENTS. V TABLES -*. Page TABLE 1. Mineral content (mode) of samples of quartz monzonite and > its variations from Willow Springs and Rosamond quad- rangles'--___-__--________________ ___________________ 161 2. Test holes drilled for oil and gas in Willow Springs and Rosa­ mond quadrangles. __-.--_______--_______..__,_____,__ 245 M GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DESERTS GEOLOGY OF THE WILLOW SPRINGS AND ROSAMOND QUADRANGLES, CALIFORNIA By T. W. DIBBLEE, JR. ABSTRACT The Willow Springs and Rosamond quadrangles cover an area of 490 square miles in the western Mojave Desert. The area, centered about 50 airline miles north of Los Angeles, takes in the northern part of Antelope Valley and a small part of the southeastern slope of the Tehachapi Mountains that bound this valley on the northwest. Altitudes range from 2,271 feet at Rosamond Lake (dry) to 6,900 feet in the Tehachapi Mountains. The rock units of the area may be divided into three groups separated by unconformities. These groups are: pre-Tertiary crystalline rocks; Tertiary volcanic, pyroclastic, and sedimentary rocks; and Quaternary sedimentary deposits. The crystalline rocks of pre-Tertiary age are composed of plutonic igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks that together form a crystalline complex upon which all later formations were deposited. Metamorphic rocks occur as iso­ lated pendants within the granitic rocks in the Tehachapi Mountains. There are two series of metamorphic rocks: the Pelona schist of supposed Pre- cambrian age, and the Bean Canyon formation of probable late Paleozoic age. The Pelona schist is confined to a half-mile wide strip between branches of the Garlock fault. In this strip about 2,000 feet of schist is exposed. The schist is highly foliated and is composed of mica, chlorite, albite, and quartz, and, locally, biotite or actinolite. The Bean Canyon formation occurs within the granitic rocks in the southern foothills of the Tehachapi Mountains as Isolated pendants; in the largest pendant this formation is about 5,000 feet thick. The Bean Canyon formation consists of marble, biotite schist, horn- Eels, quartzite, and some metabasalt. The plutonic rocks are probably Mesozoic, possibly Cretaceous, in age and range in composition from hornblende diorite to granite. Quartz monzonite is by far the most extensive; it occurs as a massive granitic-textured rock that underlies large areas in the Tehachapi Mountains southeast of the Gar- lock fault and is the main rock type of the granitic batholith that underlies the Mojave Desert. Hornblende-quartz diorite underlies the Tehachapi Moun­ tains north of the Garlock fault, and quartz diorite form masses in the mountains south of this fault. Black hornblende diorite occurs as lenticular bodies marginal to the pendants of the Bean Canyon formation in the Te­ hachapi Mountains, and as other smaller bodies nearby that are elongated parallel to the pendants. Granite associated with an aplite-pegmatite dike complex is intrusive into all other plutonic and metamorphic rocks in the 141 142 GEOLOGY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DESERTS Tehachapi Mountains. The sequence of intrusion of these rock types was generally from
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