DOCSLIB.ORG

Multicriterion Decision Analysis for Conflict Resolution in Transboundary River Basins

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multicriterion Decision Analysis for Conflict Resolution in Transboundary River Basins MULTICRITERION DECISION ANALYSIS FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER BASINS by J. GANOULIS, El. Kolokytha and Y. Mylopoulos Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Sharing international waters in transboundary river basins may lead to potential conflict, political tensions and even, in some extreme cases, as the media often predicts, to armed confrontations. The reasons behind these situations may be of an internal nature, or caused by external or international forces. Internal issues include temporal fluctuations of available water resources, conflicts in water use between different sectors (drinking water, agriculture, industry), mismatch between water supply and water needs and other institutional, legal and economic factors. External or international issues include socio-economic, cultural or political differences, and historical and geopolitical issues. All these reasons may result in countries setting different objectives and having different management plans for their shared national water resources. Integrated water resources management in transboundary regions involves alternative options for water storage and use (reservoirs, river diversion and irrigation systems), for wastewater treatment and disposal (biological oxidation, nitrification-denitrification, use of pipe outfalls in different locations and use of lagoons or aquifer recharge), different states of nature (climatic conditions, type of soils, irrigated crops, irrigation systems and socio-economic environments) and various preferences or objectives (economic, social, environmental, aesthetics, etc.). Alternative options may carry environmental consequences and risks to ecosystems and human health, such as microbiological and toxic contamination or eutrophication. The impacts on the environment and their prevention should be weighted against the economic benefits and social consequences. Multicriterion Decision Analysis (MCDA) is proposed in this paper as a decision support methodology for managing transboundary risks related to different criteria and objectives set by different countries. For this purpose, three alternative methods are proposed in order to facilitate negotiations and the final decisions. All are based on the combined use of modelling and a decision support method called Composite Programming (CP). In the first method, each country proceeds separately and evaluates alternatives according to its own objectives. In the second approach the different objectives used by the two countries are first traded-off and then alternatives are ranked according to the composite objectives. The third method is based on the aggregation of the countries' different alternatives in order to obtain a consensus between the two partners. The case of the international river Nestos/Mesta, flowing between Greece and Bulgaria, provides an illustration of this methodology in practice. KEYWORDS: Transboundary Water Management, Multicriterion Decision Analysis, The Nestos/Mesta River 2 INTRODUCTION On a global scale, the importance of transboundary water resources is far from negligible: according to reports submitted to the UN, about 50% of the land on Earth (excluding Antarctica) is located in internationally shared water catchments. About 40% of the world's population lives in this area, which extends over more than 200 international river basins. Historically, rivers and lakes have been used to determine frontiers between countries and because of this have been the scene of numerous conflicts throughout history (e.g. the Rhine between France and Germany, the Rio Grande between the USA and Mexico, the Odder and Neisse between Germany and Poland, and the Amur and Ussuri between Russia and China). In many cases river basin boundaries do not match national political borders. Issues and problems of transboundary water management emerge, especially when countries occupy parts of the upstream or downstream area of the river catchment. Water resource sharing then increases in complexity (e.g. the Nile between Egypt and Sudan, the Middle East conflict over the Jordan River, the Danube between many European countries, and the Elbe between the Czech Republic and Germany). A basic question is how and through what kind of processes water in transborder regions may unify rather than divide sharing nations, and how stakeholders in international water catchments may increase their benefits without causing losses to others. The issue is complex because political issues of domestic and external policy are involved and affect all considerations from technical to ecological This paper first reviews the complexity of transboundary water resources management and different strategies for regional negotiations. Then, the technical and institutional approaches, which may lead to agreements on sharing waters, are analysed. Effective implementation of such treaties may be realized following a bottom-up approach, based on “regional partnerships”. There is a need for such regional exchanges and partnerships to be coordinated, and this makes the creation of the UNESCO Chair/INWEB (International Network of Water – Environment Centres for the Balkans) extremely important. TYPOLOGY OF TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER BASINS AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS Types of Transboundary River Basins Different types of borders dividing states that have some territory in a river basin are shown in Figure 1: (1) Borders cross the river at a point and divide the river catchment in two parts, the upstream and the downstream. In this case, there is no joint sharing of one river section by the two states. This is the case of the border between Hungary and Yugoslavia at points crossed by the Danube and Tisza Rivers or the border between Greece and FYR of Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) crossed by the Vardar /Axios) River near the city of Gevgelia (Figure1,a). (2) Rivers serve as borders between states, like the lower course of the Danube River, which serves as the border between Bulgaria and Rumania (Figure 1,b); and (3) Borders that follow and also cross international rivers. 3 (3) (2) (1) RIVER A RIVER A R i v e r Del ta R i v e r Del ta LAND LAND SEA SEA (a) (b) Figure 1 Schematic presentation of two types of interstate borders crossing or following a river. How the interstate borders follow or cross, or both, the international rivers and how they divide rivers and river basins, will determine what type of water resources problems are or will likely be posed for bilateral or multilateral interstate solutions. A large number of international agreements for solving various types of interstate water resources problems are available for reference and act as precedents. Different water interdependencies from the South Balkans can be used as an illustrative example, (Figure 2). In the case of the Evros/Maritza River (between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey) there are no major water supply problems as there are no other water uses besides irrigation. However, there are complex issues of cooperation in order to protect riparian areas from floods and inundations, such as occurred recently during February and May 1998. Ecological considerations of the Evros River delta have also become very important in recent years. In the case of the Aoos River (between Greece and Albania) there have been protests from Albania regarding the construction of a large dam on the Greek side. In the case of the Axios/Vardar River (between Greece and FYR of Macedonia) the number of conflicts on water resources management issues has increased since 1965, due to intensive irrigation, plans for constructing new dams in FYR of Macedonia, and the accelerating pollution of the river. The greatest challenge in the region is the Nestos/Mesta River between Greece and Bulgaria. Despite earlier agreements, Bulgaria has in the past withheld water for increased agricultural and industrial needs. Since 1975 the Nestos flow has declined from 1500 million m3 to 600 million m3 resulting in repeated Greek protests. A series of negotiations did not resulted in agreement; and failure to resolve the situation resulted in conflicts between the two countries. Recently an agreement has been reached, but noticeable pollution from the Bulgarian part has raised the level of tension in a region of Greece highly dependent on irrigated agriculture and hydropower. There is a major need for cooperation and application of European Union (EU) guidelines for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in these transboundary river basins. 4 Figure 2: International river basins in South Balkans. Potential Conflicts of Riparian States in Water Resources Development Disputes over shared water resources among nations have a long history. According to Gleick (1991, 1992), four classes of water-related disputes may be distinguished, i.e. water resources as 1) strategic goals 2) targets during war 3) tools or weapons of conflict, and 4) roots of conflict. Conflict situations in transboundary water resources management occur on at least two levels: 1) conflict among goals, objectives and attributes, in particular economic, environmental and social criteria and 2) conflicts of interest between countries and among groups of actors involved. Goals: Broadly speaking, every state has social, economic and political goals linked to water resources development, conservation, and control and protection of the river basin. Economic goals
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Detailed Guide of Kavala
    AA triptrip toto KavalaKavala isis aa rewardingrewarding one!one! It translates into alternating colours and emotions, great fun and great flavours… It’s a byword of lively vitality and human communication, culture and creativity... It means saying goodbye to monotony. A trip to Kavala is a rewarding experience which really takes you places! KAVALA: one destination, a kaleidoscope of experiences A trip to Kavala is a rewarding one! It translates into alternating colours and emotions, great fun and great flavours… It’s a byword of lively vitality and human communication, culture and creativity... It means saying goodbye to monotony. A trip to Kavala is a rewarding experience which really takes you places! “Panagia” old town with Fortress (centre), the town’s ancient walls, Imaret (right, with domes) and church of the Panagia (top right, on the tip of the peninsula) 3 Discovering the old town Kavala’s This is a trip back in time, a unique experience you definitely have to enjoy. Before getting to know Kavala old town, known locally as the Panagia neighbourhood, stop off for a little bit and enjoy the historic centre magical amphitheatrically built view of the fortress, the Imaret, the paved streets, the beautiful neoclassical buildings, the interplay of sun on sea, the beaches and the lighthouse. Then, gradually, The old town by night with step by step set off on your tour: the Fortress illuminated The Imaret The medrese (an Islamic educational establishment) Heading up the narrow winding lanes, one arrives at today houses the local neighbourhood cultural the Imaret. This large complex from the late Ottoman association and one of the Municipality of Kavala’s period is a classic example of Islamic architecture and doctors’ surgeries.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicopolis Ad Nestum and Its Place in the Ancient Road Infrastructure of Southwestern Thracia
    BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, XLIV, 2018 Proceedings of the First International Roman and Late Antique Thrace Conference “Cities, Territories and Identities” (Plovdiv, 3rd – 7th October 2016) Nicopolis ad Nestum and Its Place in the Ancient Road Infrastructure of Southwestern Thracia Svetla PETROVA Abstract: The road network of main and secondary roads for Nicopolis ad Nestum has not been studied comprehensively so far. Our research was carried out in the pe- riod 2010-2015. We have gathered the preserved parts of roads with bridges, together with the results of archaeological studies and data about the settlements alongside these roads. The Roman city of Nicopolis ad Nestum inherited road connections from 1 One of the first descriptions of the pre-Roman times, which were further developed. Road construction in the area has road net in the area of Nevrokop belongs been traced chronologically from the pre-Roman roads to the Roman primary and to Captain A. Benderev (Бендерев 1890, secondary ones for the ancient city. There were several newly built roadbeds that were 461-470). V. Kanchov is the next to follow important for the area and connected Nicopolis with Via Diagonalis and Via Egnatia. the ancient road across the Rhodopes, The elements of infrastructure have been established: primary and secondary roads, connecting Nicopolis ad Nestum with crossings, facilities and roadside stations. Also the locations of custom-houses have the valley of the Hebros river (Кънчов been found at the border between Parthicopolis and Nicopolis ad Nestum. We have 1894, 235-247). The road from the identified a dense network of road infrastructure with relatively straight sections and a Nestos river (at Nicopolis) to Dospat, lot of local roads and bridges, connecting the settlements in the territory of Nicopolis the so-called Trans-Rhodopean road, ad Nestum.
    [Show full text]
  • Music and Traditions of Thrace (Greece): a Trans-Cultural Teaching Tool 1
    MUSIC AND TRADITIONS OF THRACE (GREECE): A TRANS-CULTURAL TEACHING TOOL 1 Kalliopi Stiga 2 Evangelia Kopsalidou 3 Abstract: The geopolitical location as well as the historical itinerary of Greece into time turned the country into a meeting place of the European, the Northern African and the Middle-Eastern cultures. Fables, beliefs and religious ceremonies, linguistic elements, traditional dances and music of different regions of Hellenic space testify this cultural convergence. One of these regions is Thrace. The aim of this paper is firstly, to deal with the music and the dances of Thrace and to highlight through them both the Balkan and the middle-eastern influence. Secondly, through a listing of music lessons that we have realized over the last years, in schools and universities of modern Thrace, we are going to prove if music is or not a useful communication tool – an international language – for pupils and students in Thrace. Finally, we will study the influence of these different “traditions” on pupils and students’ behavior. Key words: Thrace; music; dances; multi-cultural influence; national identity; trans-cultural teaching Resumo: A localização geopolítica, bem como o itinerário histórico da Grécia através do tempo, transformou o país num lugar de encontro das culturas europeias, norte-africanas e do Médio Oriente. Fábulas, crenças e cerimónias religiosas, elementos linguísticos, danças tradicionais e a música das diferentes regiões do espaço helénico são testemunho desta convergência cultural. Uma destas regiões é a Trácia. O objectivo deste artigo é, em primeiro lugar, tratar da música e das danças da Trácia e destacar através delas as influências tanto dos Balcãs como do Médio Oriente.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnologische Mitteilungen 45: 45-53 Karlsruhe, Juni 2013
    © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; Arachnologische Mitteilungen 45: 45-53 Karlsruhe, Juni 2013 Spider records from East Macedonia and Thrace (NE Greece) Sascha Buchholz doi: 1 0.543 l/aramit45 10 Abstract. The present study summarises spider records from East Macedonia and Thrace (NE Greece). Spiders were mainly collected by hand sampling and to a smaller extent by pitfall trapping during field trips in 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2009. 171 species from 23 families were sampled. Pelecopsis pavida (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) (Linyphiidae) and Xysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1 968 (Thomisidae) were new to the European spider fauna and ten further species, Diaea livens Simon, 1876, Herioeus grominicola (Doleschall, 1852), Meioneta ress// Wunderlich, 1973, Oedothorax re- tusus (Westring, 1851), Philodromus albidus Kuiczynski, 1911, Pocadicnemis pumila Keyserling, 1880, Sitticus saltator (O. P.-Cambridge, 1 868), Stemonyphontes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1 758), Synageles scutiger Proszynski, 1 979 and Thanatus coloradensis Keyserling, 1880, could be added to the Greek fauna for the first time. 21 and 38 species were new to East Macedonia and Thrace, respectively. Based on previous work, plus the present study, the Greek spider fauna now includes 1,108 species. Keywords: Araneae, Balkan, Nestos,Thassos The Balkan Peninsula is a biodiversity hotspot delimited by the Bulgarian border to the north and (Hubenov 2004, Krystufek & Reed 2004, Popov &c the Turkish border or Evros river to the east, while Fet 2007) which comprises a very species rich spi- the coastline of the Thracian Sea forms the southern der fauna (Deltshev 1999, 2005). Northern Greece border. - part of the Balkan Peninsula - is situated in the The northern part of north-east Greece is char- transition zone of the European, Mediterranean and acterised by mountain ranges such as the Greek the Ponto-Anatolian biogeographical regions, which Rhodope massif along the Greek-Bulgarian border results in a high biodiversity (Jerrentrup et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman City of Abdera and Its Territory
    BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, XLIV, 2018 Proceedings of the First International Roman and Late Antique Thrace Conference “Cities, Territories and Identities” (Plovdiv, 3rd – 7th October 2016) The Roman City of Abdera and Its Territory Constantina KALLINTZI Abstract: In this paper1 we shall discuss the presence of the city of Abdera in the Roman period, as known by historical sources and archaeological evidence. Many sectors of the Roman city and its cemeteries have been revealed through excavations, but unfortunate- ly, due to the continuous habitation in the same area, the construction phases overlap. However, a satisfactory view of the urban plan and the arrangement of the cemeteries is available, while the ceramic and minor objects provide information about everyday life and the economic activities of the population, as well as their burial customs. Alongside the excavations, surface surveys have been conducted in the territory of Abdera, which have provided data for the settlements, the rural facilities and the villae rusticae around the city, as well as the adverse effects of the construction of Via Egnatia. Nevertheless, despite the existence of architectural remains of the city’s buildings and a significant amount of other archaeological artifacts, the Roman period of Abdera has not been stud- ied in depth. Thus, this paper aims to contribute to research towards this direction. Key words: Abdera, Topeiros, Via Egnatia, asty, residences, road system, water supply, drainage, cemeteries, chora Introduction The Roman period was for Abdera (Kallintzi 2007; IThrAeg, 164-167) a time of progressive decline, which saw this once wealthy and pop- ulous Thracian coastal city descend into poverty and obscurity.
    [Show full text]
  • MIS Code: 5016090
    “Developing Identity ON Yield, SOil and Site” “DIONYSOS” MIS Code: 5016090 Deliverable: 3.1.1 “Recording wine varieties & micro regions of production” The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A “Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020” Cooperation Programme. 1 The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A “Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020” Cooperation Programme. 2 Contents CHAPTER 1. Historical facts for wine in Macedonia and Thrace ............................................................5 1.1 Wine from antiquity until the present day in Macedonia and Thrace – God Dionysus..................... 5 1.2 The Famous Wines of Antiquity in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace ..................................................... 7 1.2.1 Ismaric or Maronite Wine ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 Thassian Wine .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 Vivlian Wine ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Wine in the period of Byzantium and the Ottoman domination ....................................................... 15 1.4 Wine in modern times .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Park of East Macedonia - Thrace
    Magazine MAY - AUGUST 2014 NATIONAL PARK OF EAST MACEDONIA - THRACE 1. May 22, 2014 - World Fish Migration Day (WFMD) 2. Compilation of a Layman’s Guide to Identifying Species in the National Park of Eastern Macedonia-Thrace (NPEMT) 3. Smartphone applications for navigating in the National Park of Eastern Macedonia-Thrace 4.Events for World Environment Day 2014 5. Cleaning up of the Heron 7. Third National colony at Porto Lagos Heron Census 8. Ringing and 6. Mass fish death in census of the white Lake Vistonida stork in NPEMT 1 Compilation of a Layman’s Smartphone applications for 3 Events for World May 22, 2014 - World Fish Guide to Identifying Species navigating in the National Park Environment Day 2014 Migration Day (WFMD) 2 in the National Park of Eastern of Eastern Macedonia-Thrace 4 On the occasion of World Environment Day, which is celebrated on June 5th every year, the Management Body organized ac- May 24th has been designated World Fish Migration Day to Macedonia-Thrace (NPEMT) The Nestos Delta-Vistonida-Ismarida Management Body in the tions to provide information and raise public awareness on en- raise awareness on the problems facing fish populations that context of the project “Developing tourism and handling visitors The Nestos Delta-Vistonida-Ismarida Management Body has vironmental issues. become trapped because of hu- in the protected area of the National Park of Eastern Macedonia created a Layman’s Guide to Identifying Species in the National The main events were the man interventions, like dams, and Thrace”, carried out through the “Protection and Conserva- Park of Eastern Macedonia-Thrace in the context of the project youth fests held under the which prevent fish from migrat- tion of Biodiversity in NPEMT” action incorporated in the Opera- “Support for Protected Areas Management Bodies 2012” – auspices of the Xanthi Mu- ing for reproductive purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Vol.1 of the BIO2CARE Project
    Reinforcing protected areas capacity through an innovative methodology for sustainability Newsletter 1: October 2018 BIO2CARE – A project that cares for the environment In this newsletter A Few Words for our Project • BIO2CARE – A project that cares for the Reinforcing protected areas capacity through an innovative methodology for environment sustainability “BIO2CARE” is a project approved for funding under the ✓ A Few Words for Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020 territorial cooperation programme. BIO2CARE our Project falls under the Priority Axis 2: A Sustainable and Climate adaptable Cross- Border area, Thematic Objective 6: Preserving and protecting the ✓ Expected Results of environment and promoting resource efficiency, Investment Priority 6d: BIOCARE project Protecting and restoring biodiversity, soil protection and restoration and ✓ Our Partnership promoting ecosystem services including NATURA 2000 and green infrastructures. • Implementation of BIO2CARE project In full compliance with CBC GR-BG 2014-20 objective, BIO2CARE project • Activities of BIO2CARE overall objective is “To reinforce Protected Areas’ Management Bodies (PA project beneficiaries MBs) efficiency and effectiveness in an innovative and integrated approach”, promoting territorial cooperation in a very concrete and well-defined • Other News approach. BIO2CARE main objective is to enhance PA MBs administrative capacities on the benefit of biodiversity as of local communities. This is in full compliance with programme priority specific objective: “To enhance the effectiveness of biodiversity protection activities”. The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A "Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020" Cooperation Programme. Page 1 The BIO2CARE proposed decision-making platform could become a valuable tool for understanding the activities and quantifying their respective impacts on biodiversity (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Deliverable No. 3.1 Census of Needs/Mapping of Existing Systems for Coastal Management
    Project acronym: TRITON Project title: Development of management tools and directives for immediate protection of biodiversity in coastal areas affected by sea erosion and establishment of appropriate environmental control systems Deliverable No. 3.1 Census of needs/mapping of existing systems for coastal management Delivery date: 23/07/2019 1 PROGRAMME Interreg V-A Greece-ItalyProgramme2014-2020 AXIS Axis 2 (i.e. Integrated Environmental Management) THEMATIC OBJECTIVES 06 – Preserving and protecting the environment and promoting resource efficiency PROJECT ACRONYM TRITON PROJECT WEBSITE URL www.interregtriton.eu DELIVERABLE NUMBER No. 3.1 TITLE OF DELIVERABLE Census of needs/mapping of existing systems for coastal management WORK PACKAGE/TASK N° WP3 Mapping and Planning of tools and framework; Task 3.1 NAME OF ACTIVITY Census of needs/mapping of existing system for coastal management PARTNER IN CHARGE (AUTHOR) PB2 PARTNERS INVOLVED LB1, PB4 STATUS Final version DUE DATE Third semester ADDRESSEE OF THE DOCUMENT1 TRITON PROJECT PARTNERS; INTERREG V-A GREECE-ITALY PROGRAMME DISTRIBUTION2 PP Document Revision History Version Date Author/Reviewer Changes 1.0 – Final 24/06/2020 PB2- CMCC 0.6 - Draft 21/06/2020 PB5 - UoP Version revised by PB5 and sent to LB1 for afinal check 0.5 - Draft 19/07/2019 PB2- CMCC Version revised by PB2 and sent to LB1 and PB4 for their check 1WPL (Work Package Leaders); PB (Project Beneficiaries); AP (Associates); Stakeholders; Decision Makers; Other (Specify) 2PU (Public); PP (Restricted to other program participants);
    [Show full text]
  • Visa & Residence Permit Guide for Students
    Ministry of Interior & Administrative Reconstruction Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directorate General for Citizenship & C GEN. DIRECTORATE FOR EUROPEAN AFFAIRS Immigration Policy C4 Directorate Justice, Home Affairs & Directorate for Immigration Policy Schengen Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.ypes.gr www.mfa.gr Visa & Residence Permit guide for students 1 Index 1. EU/EEA Nationals 2. Non EU/EEA Nationals 2.a Mobility of Non EU/EEA Students - Moving between EU countries during my short-term visit – less than three months - Moving between EU countries during my long-term stay – more than three months 2.b Short courses in Greek Universities, not exceeding three months. 2.c Admission for studies in Greek Universities or for participation in exchange programs, under bilateral agreements or in projects funded by the European Union i.e “ERASMUS + (placement)” program for long-term stay (more than three months). - Studies in Greek universities (undergraduate, master and doctoral level - Participation in exchange programs, under interstate agreements, in cooperation projects funded by the European Union including «ERASMUS+ placement program» 3. Refusal of a National Visa (type D)/Rights of the applicant. 4. Right to appeal against the decision of the Consular Authority 5. Annex I - Application form for National Visa (sample) Annex II - Application form for Residence Permit Annex III - Refusal Form Annex IV - Photo specifications for a national visa application Annex V - Aliens and Immigration Departments Contacts 2 1. Students EU/EEA Nationals You will not require a visa for studies to enter Greece if you possess a valid passport from an EU Member State, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    Argolic Gulf Environment Foundation Scoping Report – Executive Summary July 2021 Introduction The Argolic Gulf Environment Foundation (AGEF) was established in the spring of 2021 in order to help protect and regenerate the natural ecosystems of the Argolic Gulf, which is situated along the eastern coast of the Peloponnese in Greece and home to the islands of Spetses and Hydra. The AGEF is part of the Conservation Collective, a growing network of locally focused environmental foundations. The Conservation Collective and its members facilitate funding for the most effective grassroots environmental initiatives, with world-class oversight, management and programme aid. The network currently comprises 15 foundations across 4 continents. The AGEF is the seventh such foundation to be established in the Mediterranean and the third in Greece after the Ionian Environment Foundation and the Cyclades Preservation Fund. Approximately 100,000 euros was raised in initial committed funding for the AGEF from individuals who care deeply about this special corner of Greece, and a Steering Committee was formed comprising a core team of donors. Additional funding will be sought from individual donors, local enterprises and other organisations. The AGEF will follow the Conservation Collective’s proven model of environmental grant giving that is nimble, non-bureaucratic, and highly effective. The bulk of the funds raised will be used to support local organisations and initiatives that aim to promote environmental protection, sustainability and resilience through small-scale direct grants. These grants will be complemented by other forms of support, such as connecting local groups and enterprises with the broad expertise available through the Conservation Collective.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by National Documentation Centre - EKT journals Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece Vol. 43, 2010 GEOMYTHOLOGICAL APPROACH OF ASOPOS RIVER (AEGINA, GREECE) Mariolakos I. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology Theocharis D. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11248 Copyright © 2017 I. Mariolakos, D. Theocharis To cite this article: Mariolakos, I., & Theocharis, D. (2010). GEOMYTHOLOGICAL APPROACH OF ASOPOS RIVER (AEGINA, GREECE). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 43(2), 821-828. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11248 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 20/02/2020 23:45:10 | Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας, 2010 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2010 Πρακτικά 12ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Proceedings of the 12th International Congress Πάτρα, Μάιος 2010 Patras, May, 2010 GEOMYTHOLOGICAL APPROACH OF ASOPOS RIVER (AEGINA, GREECE) Mariolakos I.1 and Theocharis D.1 1 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Dynamic Tectonic Applied Geology, GR-15784 Athens, Greece, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract In Greek Mythology rivers are, with some exceptions, Gods and they were “born” by the Titans, Oceanus and Tethys. The River Gods are also considered to have given birth to some Islands. Amongst them Aso- pos River has the most important position as he is considered to have given birth to Aegina, Salamis, Euboea and some other islands as well.
    [Show full text]