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Ecological Assessment Report Sustain Phase 2018

51WV923 Compiled by BOOBOOK for Origin

Document No. Q-4200-15-RP-1269

Revision Date Description Author Verifier Approved

A 15/6/2015 Draft issued for client review C. Eddie, R. Shojinaga R. Aisthorpe C. Eddie 0 11/8/2015 Final version to client R. Shojinaga C. Eddie C. Eddie Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1. Scope of Works ...... 1 1.2. Definitions & Abbreviations ...... 1 1.2.1. Definitions ...... 1 1.2.2. Abbreviations ...... 1 1.2.1. Document References ...... 2 2. Site Context ...... 4 3. Methodology ...... 4 3.1. Desktop & Literature Review ...... 4 3.2. Field Survey ...... 5 3.2.1. Vegetation Community Survey ...... 5 3.2.2. Habitat Survey ...... 6 3.2.3. Threatened Flora & Fauna Survey...... 6 3.2.4. Pest Flora and Fauna Survey ...... 6 3.2.5. Disturbance Survey ...... 6 3.2.6. Watercourse/Wetland Survey ...... 7 3.2.7. Survey Limitations ...... 7 4. Results & Discussion ...... 7 4.1. Desktop & Literature Review ...... 7 4.2. Field Survey ...... 7 4.2.1. Commonwealth Environmental Matters ...... 7 4.2.1.1. Ground-truthed Threatened Ecological Communities ...... 8 4.2.1.2. Threatened Flora ...... 8 4.2.1.3. Threatened Fauna ...... 9 4.2.1.4. Migratory Fauna ...... 11 4.2.1.5. Marine Fauna ...... 12 4.2.2. Queensland Environmental Matters ...... 13 4.2.2.1. Ground-truthed Regional Ecosystems ...... 14 4.2.2.2. Threatened Flora ...... 16 4.2.2.3. Threatened Fauna ...... 17 4.2.2.4. Pest Fauna ...... 19 4.2.3. Disturbances ...... 19 4.2.4. Watercourses & Wetlands ...... 19 4.2.5. Conclusions ...... 20 Appendix A. Site Location & Vegetation Survey Points...... 21 Appendix B. Results of EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool ...... 23 Appendix C. Wildlife Online Database Search Results...... 33 Appendix D. DNRM Mapped Regional Ecosystems...... 40 Appendix E. DEHP Mapping of ESAs & Other Environmental Values on Site...... 42

Rev 0 i Appendix F. List of Fauna & Native Flora Species Identified on Site...... 44 Appendix G. Ground Truthed Threatened Ecological Communities...... 48 Appendix H. Ground Truthed Regional Ecosystems...... 50 Appendix I. Threatened & Special Least Concern Flora & Fauna Recorded at the Site ...... 52 Appendix J. Pest Fauna Recorded at the Site...... 54 Appendix K. Ground Truthed Drainage Features & Wetlands Present on Site...... 56

List of Tables Table 1: Definitions ...... 1 Table 2: Abbreviations ...... 1 Table 3: Associated Document References...... 2 Table 4: Site Context ...... 4 Table 5: Desktop and Literature Review Sources ...... 4 Table 6: Commonwealth Environmental Matters – Field Survey Results ...... 7 Table 7: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. 8 Table 8: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence...... 9 Table 9: Field survey results for EPBC Act migratory fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence...... 11 Table 10: Field survey results for EPBC Act marine fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. . 12 Table 11: State environmental matters – field survey results ...... 13 Table 12: Ground-truthed remnant and regrowth regional ecosystems ...... 15 Table 13: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence...... 16 Table 14: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence...... 17 Table 15: Pest fauna recorded at the Site...... 19 Table 16: Ground-truthed drainage features at the Site...... 19

Conclusions drawn in this report are based on available information at the time of writing. Any additional information may alter such conclusions and the author reserves the right to do so if such information becomes available. This report has been made as at the date of the report and is not to be used after six (6) months and not if there are any material changes meanwhile. In either event it should be referred back for review. To the extent permitted by law BOOBOOK does not accept liability for any loss or damage which any person may suffer arising from any negligence or breach of contract on its part. This report was prepared for the benefit of the party to whom it is directed only and for the purpose identified within. BOOBOOK does not accept responsibility to any other person for the contents of the report.

Rev 0 ii Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 1. Introduction

This report provides a description of the ecological values found within lot/plans 51WV923, herein referred to as ‘the Site’. The results are based on an initial desktop assessment followed by a field survey to confirm the vegetation communities, flora and fauna species, habitat values and areas of disturbance. The field survey was conducted between 21 and 25 May 2015 by Craig Eddie (Principal Ecologist) and Angela Bendall (Field Technician). Craig Eddie who received Department of the Environment (DOE) approval on 31st March 2011 to undertake tasks relating to the Australia Pacific LNG Pty Limited (Australia Pacific LNG) project. BOOBOOK also received company approval by DOE on the 28th of June 2011. 1.1. Scope of Works

An ecological assessment survey was required for lot/plans 51WV923, located approximately 59.5 km west- southwest of Wandoan. The survey was conducted over the entirety of the reserve as well as the immediately adjacent road reserves. The site location and survey points are shown in Appendix A. 1.2. Definitions & Abbreviations

1.2.1. Definitions

Table 1: Definitions

Term Definition A proprietary product of Motion Computing®: it comprises a tablet PC with in-built GPS positioning capacity, allowing Motion capture of spatial and other data in the field. Site Lot/plans 51WV923 and adjacent road reserves. The likelihood of occurrence of flora and/or fauna of conservation concern at the Site, as used in Origin/Australia Likelihood of Pacific LNG spatial data attribute tables: Possible: <50% likelihood; Probable: 50-90% likelihood; Likely: >90% Occurrence likelihood. The category “Unlikely” is not used in the spatial attribute tables. It is used here to define probabilities of occurrence that are at or approaching zero.

1.2.2. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are found throughout this report. Table 2: Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

ALA Atlas of Living Australia BOM Bureau of Meteorology BRI Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane DEHP Department of Environment and Heritage Protection DOE Department of the Environment e.g. For example EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area EVNT Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened ha hectare(s) km kilometre(s) LP Act Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 m metre(s) MNES Matters of National Environmental Significance NC Act Nature Conservation Act 1992 NC Reg Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 PMST Protected Matters Search Tool Rev 0 1 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

Abbreviation Description

RE (s) Regional Ecosystem(s) REDD Regional Ecosystem Description Database SLC Special Least Concern TEC (s) Threatened Ecological Community (ies) VM Act Vegetation Management Act 1999

1.2.1. Document References

The following documents are referred to throughout this report. Table 3: Associated Document References

Document Number Title ALA (2015). Atlas of Living Australia. http://www.ala.org.au/ AVH (2015). Australia’s Virtual Herbarium. http://chah.gov.au/avh/ Barrett, G., Silcocks, A., Barry, S., Cunningham, R. and Poulter, R. (2003). The New Atlas of Australian Birds. Birds Australia, Melbourne Birdlife Australia (2015). Birdata. Birdlife Australia, Melbourne. http://www.birdata.com.au/homecontent.do Bean, A.R. (2004). The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Austrobaileya 6(4): 734-736 BoM (2015a). Bureau of Meteorology - Climate statistics for Australian Locations. Australian Government, Canberra. Accessed 15/06/2015. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_043091.shtml BoM (2015b).Bureau of Meteorology May 2015 Daily Weather Observations – Roma. Accessed 15/06/2015. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW4104.latest.shtml Burnett, S. (2012). Northern Quoll. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 340-341. Common, I. and Waterhouse, D. (1981). Butterflies of Australia. Revised edition. Angus and Robertson, Sydney. DEHP (2015a) Wildlife Online. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane. Accessed 15/06/2015 http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/wildlife-online/ DEHP (2015b) Map of Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/maps_of_environmentally_sensitive_areas.php DEHP (2015c) Map of Referable Wetlands. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/ecosystems/wetlands/referable-wetlands-maps.html DEHP (2015d) Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/protected- plants/map-request.php DEHP (2015e) Regional Ecosystem Description Database (REDD). https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/regional- ecosystems/ Dennis, A. (2012). Northern Quoll. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 374-375. DNRM (2015) Regional Ecosystem and Remnant Map—version 8.1 for the purpose of the Vegetation Management Act 1999. The Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 http://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/land/vegetation-management/vegetation-maps/vegetation-map-request DEHP (2012) Mature Regrowth Mapping. The Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane. DoE (2015a) Protected Matters Search Tool. Department of the Environment. Canberra. Accessed 15/06/2015 http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/pmst/index.html DoE (2015b) Species Profile and Threats Database (EPBC Act List of Threatened Ecological Communities). Department of the Environment, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl DoE (2015c) Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Department of Environment, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/what-is-protected/threatened-species-ecological-communities DSITIA (2014). HERBRECS Queensland Herbarium specimen database. Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/ Eddie, C. (2012). Yakka Skink. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 224-225. Garnett, S.J., Szabo, J.K. and Dutson, G. (2011).The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne Higgins, P.J. and Davies, S.J.J.F. (1996). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 3: Snipe to Pigeons. Oxford University Press, Melbourne Rev 0 2 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

Document Number Title Higgins, P.J., Peter, J.M. and Steele, W.K. (eds) (2001). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats. Oxford University Press, Melbourne Hobson, R. (2012a). Dunmall’s Snake. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 243-244 Hobson, R. (2012b). Grey Snake. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 245-246 Holmes, T. (2012). Glossy Black-Cockatoo. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (Eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 282-283 Limpus, C., Limpus, D., Parmenter, J., Hodge, J., Forest, M. and McLachlan, J. (2011). The Biology and Management Strategies for Freshwater Turtles in the Fitzroy Catchment, with particular emphasis on Elseya albagula and Rheodytes leukops: A study initiated in response to the proposed construction of Rookwood Weir and the raising of Eden Bann Weir. Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane Marchant, S. and Higgins, P.J. (1993). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford University Press, Melbourne Milligan, F. N., Exon, N. F., Burger, D., Casey, D. J. (1967). Australia Geological Mapping, Roma Map sheet SG55-12 1:250,000 Geological series. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Department of National Development, Canberra. Neldner, V.J., Wilson, B. A., Thompson, E.J. and Dillewaard, H.A. (2012). Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.2.Updated August 2012. Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. Peck, S. (2012). Collared Delma. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (Eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 218-219 Pizzey, G. and Knight, F. (2010). The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Eighth edition. Harper Collins, Melbourne. QMDC (2008). Reptiles of the Brigalow Belt: an information kit. WWF-Australia and Queensland Murray Darling Committee Queensland Parliamentary Counsel (1999) Vegetation Management Act. Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/V/VegetManA99.pdf Queensland Parliamentary Counsel (2002) Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act. Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/l/landprpsrma02.pdf Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, (2000) Water Act, Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/w/watera00.pdf Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, (2006) Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation. Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWiR06.pdf Reis, T. (2012). Squatter Pigeon. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (Eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 254-255 Santos (2012). Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs of Eastern Queensland Oil and Gas Fields. Second Edition. Santos, Adelaide Sattler, P. and Williams, R. (eds) (1999). The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland Government, Brisbane. TSSC (2008a). Approved Conservation Advice for Cadellia pentastylis. [Online]. Threatened Species Scientific Committee, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/9828- conservation-advice.pdf TSSC (2008b). Approved Conservation Advice for Tylophora linearis. [Online]. Threatened Species Scientific Committee, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/55231- conservation-advice.pdf TSSC (2008c). Approved Conservation Advice for Homopholis belsonii. [Online]. Threatened Species Scientific Committee, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/2406-conservation- advice.pdf TSSC (2013). Commonwealth Conservation Advice for Brigalow Ecological Community. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities/pubs/028-conservation-advice.pdf Valentine, P. and Johnson, S. (2012). Pale Imperial Hairstreak Butterfly. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 34-35 Watson, D. (2012). Painted Honeyeater. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 322-323 Wilson, S. (2005). A Field Guide to Reptiles of Queensland. Reed New Holland, Sydney Q-LNG01-15-MP-0109 Australian Pacific LNG (2011) Environmental Constraints Planning and Field Development Protocol.

Rev 0 3 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 2. Site Context

Table 4: Site Context

The Site is entirely within Subregion 26 (Southern Downs) of the Brigalow Belt bioregion. This subregion is characterized by low, hilly landscape with Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments or clay plains (Sattler and Williams 1999). Typically present in this region are forests of Belah (Casuarina cristata) and Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) with Poplar Bioregion Box (Eucalyptus populnea) and Narrow-leaved Ironbark (E. crebra) communities also present. Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora), Dusky-leaved Ironbark (E. fibrosa subsp. nubila), vine thicket, Astrebla and Acacia communities are also present but less extensive. Previous land use of the Site is unknown but likely to have been for watering and containing travelling livestock. Evidence of extensive vegetation modification in the form of mature regrowth is present. Historical disturbances are Current land use likely to have included clearing and/or wildfire. A limited amount of grazing currently at the Site mainly from stray livestock and macropods. The Roma 1: 250,000 series SG 55-12 map (Milligan et al. 1967) indicates that one geological unit is represented at the Site. This is sandstone of the Orallo Formation (Juo). Soils at the Site are cracking grey clays, loams to sandy loams and a localised occurrence of silty alluvium. Soils and geology The topography of the Site is relatively uniform and flat. Dingo Creek traverses the site from the northeast to the south. Most of the Site is situated on a flat to gently undulating plain. Land zones as defined within Sattler and Williams (1999) occurring at the Site primarily include land zones 5 (Cainozoic sand plains) and land zone 9 (Cainozoic fine-grained sediments) with a very small occurrence of land zone 3 (Quaternary alluvial systems). The nearest Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) weather station to the Site is at Roma, about 87 km southwest of the Site. Yearly average temperatures at Roma range from a mean maximum of 34.2°C in January to a mean minimum of 3.7°C in July (BOM 2015a). Average annual rainfall is 582.4 mm, with the highest monthly average rainfall occurring in Climate February (87.1 mm) and the lowest occurring in July (22.7 mm) (BOM 2015a). At the time of the field survey conditions were fine and cool on 21-22 May (maxima 15.7°C and 15.1°C respectively) and warm from 23-25 May (maxima 20.8°C, 23.6 and 24.3°C respectively (BOM 2015b)).

3. Methodology

The methodology employed in compilation of this Ecological Assessment Report consisted of: A desktop and literature review of ecological databases and literature sources as direct references for the survey undertaken; and A field survey of the Site. An explanation of these activities is outlined in this section. 3.1. Desktop & Literature Review

Sources utilised in the desktop and literature review are listed in Table 5 below. Table 5: Desktop and Literature Review Sources

Database Co-ordinates or search area Date of search Appendix Lat -26.31299°S, Long DoE (2015a) Environmental Protection Biodiversity and Conservation Act 149.40543°E with 10 km 15/06/2015 Appendix B 1999 (EPBC Act) Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) buffer Lat -26.31299°S, Long DEHP (2015a) Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) Protected Species 149.40543°E with 10 km 15/06/2015 Appendix C Lists Wildlife Online Database buffer

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM 2015) Regional 51WV923 19/05/2015 Appendix D Ecosystem and Remnant Map—version 8.1 Lat -26.31299°S, Long Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP 2015b ) 19/05/2015 Appendix E Map of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) 149.40543°E DEHP (2015c) Map of Referable Wetlands and Wetland Protection Areas 51WV923 19/05/2015 N/A

Rev 0 4 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

Database Co-ordinates or search area Date of search Appendix Lat -26.31299°S, Long 19/05/2015 N/A DEHP (2015d) Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map 149.40543°E

Australia Geological Mapping, Roma Map SHEET SG55-12 1:250,000 N/A 15/06/2015 N/A Geological series (Milligan et al.1971).

3.2. Field Survey

Ecological surveys were conducted in accordance with: The Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland (Neldner et al. 2012); and In line with the methodology described in the Environmental Constraints Planning and Field Development Protocol (Q-LNG01-15-MP-0109, Australia Pacific LNG 2011). Field surveys were undertaken between 21 and 25 May 2015. 3.2.1. Vegetation Community Survey

Baseline botanical surveys were undertaken to describe dominant flora and vegetation community structure throughout the survey site. Ground-truthing of the DNRM Regional Ecosystem (RE) designation (DNRM 2015) at and surrounding the Site was undertaken via the quaternary level of data collection as described in Neldner et al. (2012) and random meander assessments. The vegetation community surveys were undertaken within 50 m x 50 m or 50 m x 10 m plots for the purpose of typifying the vegetation community under assessment. Vegetation community data was entered into the data fields provided by the Motion Tablet data capture system. Vegetation community assessments were undertaken at representative plots within all identified REs and regrowth within the Site. The locations of the vegetation community survey sites are presented in Appendix A. Relative abundance data was collected for each stratum within the community as per the methodology described in the Environmental Constraints Planning and Field Development Protocol (Q-LNG01-15-MP-0109 Australia Pacific LNG (2011)), as presented by the vegetation structure point data sheet of the Motion unit. Representative photo(s) were taken of the subject vegetation community via a Canon digital camera. Photo aspect data was recorded. Vegetation community polygons were verified in accordance with Queensland RE description and biodiversity status (DNRM 2015) and EPBC Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) criteria (DoE 2015). RE polygons were assigned to remnant or non-remnant status as defined by the Vegetation Management Act 1999. Remnant vegetation was that which had achieved a canopy layer covering more than 50% of that of the undisturbed canopy and a height more than 70% of the undisturbed height of the vegetation. Reference benchmarks for these criteria were obtained from published data (DEHP 2015e, DSITIA 2014). Threshold minimum patch sizes used to map RE polygons were generally as per the minimum size limits (for inland areas) of 5 ha and 75 m for linear features (Neldner et al. 2012); however, in some cases where the RE type could be recognised within fragments of vegetation smaller than these limits they have been mapped as remnant RE where practical. Areas of vegetation that have previously been cleared or disturbed (e.g. by wildfire) and contained well advanced woody vegetation floristically and structurally consistent with the RE but typically <70% of the height and <50% density of the RE were mapped as mature regrowth for the purposes of this report. Other regrowth which lacks structural and floristic components (i.e. immature regrowth) is mapped as non-remnant vegetation. Though Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) TEC condition criteria with respect to age, patch size and exotic perennial plant cover are available and applicable to both mature (remnant) and regrowth vegetation (DoE 2015) some ambiguity is present in defining the presence of structural elements typical of the community. DoE states (TSSC 2013) that Brigalow regrowth is part of the Brigalow TEC only if it retains the species composition and structural elements typical of that found in undisturbed areas of the TEC and that areas that have been cleared within the past 15 years will not have regained the structure and species composition typical of remnant Brigalow and, therefore, will not qualify as TEC. BOOBOOK has undertaken discussions with DoE (P. Barraclough, DoE, pers.

Rev 0 5 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 comm.) to attempt to resolve the definition of structural elements. Matters requiring clarification are whether vegetation must possess structural differentiation (e.g. canopy and lower tree/tall shrub layers), whether the presence of species capable of forming structural layers is sufficient, and whether threshold values for these elements and/or species can be established. At this time no advice has been received from DoE. For the purposes of this report a conservative approach to definition of TEC has been taken in that Brigalow regrowth is considered TEC only if evidence of development of structural features typical of the intact vegetation community are present (providing it also meets all other condition criteria) such as patch size (>0.5 ha) and ground layer condition (>50% native perennial species cover in ground layer). 3.2.2. Habitat Survey

Habitat surveys were generally undertaken in conjunction with vegetation community survey within the 50 m x 10 m quadrant (Appendix A). Within each habitat survey plot, a range of habitat features (such as abundance or density of logs, rocks/stones, loose bark, leaf litter, gilgai and tree hollows) were recorded on the relevant Motion data sheet. Where deemed appropriate, representative photo(s) were taken of the given habitat patch using a Canon digital camera. Photo aspect data is entered into the relevant data sheet. 3.2.3. Threatened Flora & Fauna Survey

Threat-listed species are those listed under the EPBC Act 1999 and the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006. For the purposes of this report, this includes EPBC Act-listed Migratory and Marine fauna, and NC Act-listed Special Least Concern flora and fauna. Targeted threat-listed flora searches were undertaken for species highlighted by the database and literature review. Searches were undertaken based on incidental field observations of high quality habitat, the identification of distinct ecological features through the preliminary desktop and literature review, or within the vicinity of a vegetation community survey/habitat feature plots where field ecologists deemed the given area to be of sufficient potential value to a threatened species to warrant such a search. A representative selection of each SLC flora species detected was recorded; however, additional specimens of SLC plants may occur at the Site. Fauna species were recorded opportunistically at survey sites and in other parts of the Site that were traversed. No systematic fauna surveys were undertaken. Active searches were undertaken for fauna where time permitted. This included overturning rocks, logs, fallen bark and other ground debris, raking leaf litter, peeling loose bark on trees/stumps, checking burrows and crevices with torches, looking for animal traces (scats, sloughs, shells, scratches, diggings and burrows) and scanning logs for basking reptiles. Any observations of threatened or other significant species (whether within search areas or opportunistically) were recorded using the Motion data capture system. Where practicable, photo(s) were taken of the subject threatened species and representative specimens of SLC plants. 3.2.4. Pest Flora and Fauna Survey

A survey was conducted for the presence and abundance of Weeds of National Significance (WoNS), declared weeds fauna as defined by the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 (LP Act) and other naturalised flora, including significant environmental and/or agricultural weeds. Full details of the methodology and findings of the survey are presented in the accompanying Weed Survey Report, Origin Document No. Q-4200-15-RP-1276. Presence and abundance of declared (LP Act) and other non-native fauna were recorded at the time of the survey both within survey plots and opportunistically while traversing the Site. Exotic fauna species records were entered into the Motion data capture system when encountered. 3.2.5. Disturbance Survey

Evidence of disturbance at survey sites was recorded for type, severity and estimated time of most recent occurrence. The recording of disturbance was also conducted at opportunistic levels where appropriate.

Rev 0 6 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 3.2.6. Watercourse/Wetland Survey

All mapped ordered streams within each property were assessed, across their full length, to determine if these mapped features were watercourses or drainage features as defined by the Water Act 2000. Ordered stream assessments included assessment of the presence/absence of a defined channel with bed and banks, riparian vegetation and hydrophytes. The extent of streams assessed as watercourses was mapped using imagery and/or a GPS-derived track log. Mapping of the extent of streams assessed as drainage features was not required under the scope of works. If potential wetlands were encountered they were assessed against the hydrological and biotic criteria of the Queensland Wetland Program wetland definition (DERM 2011). 3.2.7. Survey Limitations

A number of factors are considered likely to influence survey results for particular species or species groups. These factors include: Timing (seasons) and duration of the survey period; Weather conditions in the preceding seasons and immediately prior to the survey; and Restricted spatial area of the habitats within the Site. The Site had been unseasonably dry for some time prior to the survey, such that the ground layer flora of many areas was poorly developed. Fauna species activity was also reduced. Due to these reasons, the surveys undertaken may not provide a true indication of seasonal habitat utilisation by fauna species within the Site. Some cryptic flora species may only be detected during particular flowering periods. The field investigations undertaken were limited to passive techniques (e.g. no live trapping) and were limited to late autumn. Additional survey effort would be required to provide a more comprehensive inventory of species, both threatened and common. 4. Results & Discussion

This section includes the results of the database and literature review. Some information is contained in the appendices and is referenced below. 4.1. Desktop & Literature Review

Results of the desktop and literature review can be found in Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D and Appendix E, as listed in Table 5. 4.2. Field Survey

Results of field surveys are detailed in the following sections. A comprehensive list of fauna and native flora species encountered at survey sites or opportunistically during the field survey is included in Appendix F. 4.2.1. Commonwealth Environmental Matters

Field survey results for Commonwealth environmental matters (Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES)) are summarised in Table 6. Table 6: Commonwealth Environmental Matters – Field Survey Results

Commonwealth Present Location Description Statusi Comments Environmental Matters (Y/N)

TECs Y Refer to Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co- Endangered Present in north- Appendix dominant) eastern end of Site. G. EPBC threat-listed flora N n/a n/a n/a n/a EPBC threat-listed Y Refer to Koala Phascolarctos cinereus V n/a fauna Appendix I.

Rev 0 7 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

Commonwealth Present Location Description Statusi Comments Environmental Matters (Y/N)

EPBC Act listed Y Various Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina Marine n/a Migratory/Marine locations novaehollandiae, Silvereye Zosterops lateralis Species species i Status taken from DoE 2015c

4.2.1.1. Ground-truthed Threatened Ecological Communities

One area of Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) TEC was detected at the Site. An area of mature regrowth in the north and north-east of the Site met structural and condition criteria for the TEC (DoE 2015b, TSSC 2013). This area of RE 11.9.5 was dominated by Belah (Casuarina cristata), i.e. Brigalow was sub-dominant or an associated species, rather than dominant or co-dominant. Though this does not conform to Key Diagnostic Criterion 1 for the TEC (TSSC 2013), it is likely that this patch is a relictual area of Brigalow-dominant RE 11.9.5 formerly more widespread in the immediately surrounding landscape. The patch otherwise met structural (>15 years old) and condition criteria (>0.5 ha and ground layer dominated by native species) for the community. A precautionary approach has been applied to classify this area as TEC. 4.2.1.2. Threatened Flora

No EPBC Act listed threatened flora were recorded during the field survey at the Site. Based on field inspection results, an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of EPBC Act listed threatened flora identified within the desktop searches (Table 5) is summarised in Table 7. Table 7: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Potentially Scientific/ Common General Habitat Requirements/ Family Statusii Suitable RE at Likelihood of Occurrence Name Notes Site Surianaceae Cadellia pentastylis V Occurs on ridge slopes and 11.9.5 Unlikely: all potential habitat Ooline undulating plains within Brigalow was examined and the (Acacia harpophylla) woodland - species is conspicuous and open forest and semi-evergreen readily identified. vine thicket (SEVT) (TSSC 2008a, Santos 2012). Apocynaceae Tylophora linearis E Dry sclerophyll woodland (TSSC 11.9.10, 11.10.11 Unlikely: suitable habitat is Slender Tylophora 2008b). The Site is 130 km north present but the species has of the only collection site in only been collected once in Queensland, near Glenmorgan Queensland. (AVH 2015). Poaceae Homopholis belsonii V In Brigalow Belt usually found on 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: it may occur in Belson’s Panic flat to gently undulating alluvial shadier parts of mature areas/clay plains supporting regrowth woodland where Casuarina cristata and Acacia the ground layer does not harpophylla forest (DOE 2015b, contain or has a low density TSSC 2008c). Other associated of invasive exotic grasses species include Eucalyptus such as Buffel Grass populnea, E. melanophloia, A. (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Green melvillei and Geijera parviflora Panic (Megathyrsus (DSITIA 2014). maximus).

ii E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable

Rev 0 8 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.1.3. Threatened Fauna

No EPBC Act listed threatened fauna were recorded during the field survey at the Site (Table 5). An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of EPBC Act listed threatened fauna, based on field results, is summarised within Table 8. Table 8: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Scientific/ Common Name Status Potentially Suitable RE Class General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Likelihood of Occurrence iii at Site

Birds Erythrotriorchis radiatus Woodlands and open forests, especially those near to permanent water; requires tall 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Unlikely: a limited amount of Red Goshawk V trees (>20 m) for nest sites (Marchant and Higgins 1993). Mobile species with a large foraging habitat is present at the home range - population densities are very low, even in optimal habitat Site. Geophaps scripta scripta Grassy woodlands with open areas for foraging habitat and a nearby water source 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Unlikely: potentially suitable Squatter Pigeon (Higgins and Davies 1996). The species has disappeared from parts of its former range habitat is present at the Site but V (Reis 2012) and there are no recent records within the tenement (Birds Australia 2015). there are no recent records of the species within the tenement. Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Tall grasslands associated with watercourses (DOE 2015b). Historically may have been Nil Unlikely: no suitable habitat is Star Finch E present but no recent records within the Site and the eastern subspecies is considered present and the Site is outside to be extinct in the wild (Garnett et al. 2011). the species’ extant range. Rostratula australis Dependent on ephemeral and temporary shallow wetlands, including artificial water Nil Possible: may be present at small Australian Painted Snipe E bodies, for feeding and breeding habitat (DOE 2015b). Cryptic and easily overlooked. ephemeral wetland at south-east end of Site. Mammals Chalinolobus dwyeri Occurs within or near landscapes with relatively high relief (DOE 2015b). Forages in Nil Unlikely: no suitable roosting Large-eared Pied Bat, Large V open forests and woodlands and roosts in adjacent caves and overhangs of cliffs and habitat at or near Site. Pied Bat rocky hills (Dennis 2012). Dasyurus hallucatus Formerly widespread in South Central Queensland (SCQ) - has declined markedly and is Nil Unlikely: no suitable habitat at or Northern Quoll now confined to rugged and remote areas throughout its range (Burnett 2012). Shelters near Site. E in crevices in rocky hills and escarpments and forages in nearby woodland and forest habitats (DOE 2015b). Nyctophilus corbeni Distribution and habitat preferences very poorly known (Reardon 2012). Inhabits range 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: suitable habitat trees South-eastern Long-eared Bat V of dry forest and woodland types in SCQ, roosts in tree hollows and crevices and under with hollows present as well as loose bark (DOE 2015b). suitable foraging habitat. Phascolarctos cinereus Requires eucalypt woodland and forest with suitable food trees (primarily Eucalyptus 11.5.1a, 11.9.10 Confirmed: scats detected under Koala (combined populations V spp.) (DOE 2015b). multiple Poplar Box (E. populnea) of Qld, NSW and the ACT) trees in RE 11.9.10. Reptiles Delma torquata Occupies eucalypt woodlands and open forests and lives under surface rock and woody 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Unlikely: although potentially Collared Delma debris (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b). Small and difficult to detect. Recent survey work has suitable REs are present these V greatly expanded knowledge of its distribution and habitat (Peck 2012). are unlikely to support this specie due to lack of suitable shelter sites. Rev 0 9 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

Scientific/ Common Name Status Potentially Suitable RE Class General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Likelihood of Occurrence iii at Site Denisonia maculata Potentially present in all lowlands associated with the Dawson - Fitzroy River Nil Unlikely: the species is not known Ornamental Snake catchments (DOE 2015b). Preys on frogs and is associated with ephemeral and to be present within the V permanent wetlands where it shelters in soil cracks and under debris e.g. logs, rocks tenement. (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b). Egernia rugosa Lives in woodland and open forests and also grassland with regrowth trees where it 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: habitat logs present. Yakka Skink V requires suitable soils for burrows, sinkholes, abandoned rabbit warrens or large fallen woody material for shelter (Eddie 2012). Furina dunmalli Very poorly known species that occupies woodlands and open forests; may be reliant 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: habitat logs present. V Dunmall's Snake on presence of abundant fallen woody debris (Hobson 2012a). Rheodytes leukops Dependent on permanent streams with a preference for deep pools often with Nil Unlikely: no suitable riverine Fitzroy River Turtle, Fitzroy intervening riffle zones (DOE 2015b). Not recorded from upper drainages of the Fitzroy habitat is available and the V Tortoise, Fitzroy Turtle, River catchment (Limpus et al. 2011). species is not known to be White-eyed River Diver present within the tenement.

iii E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable

Rev 0 10 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.1.4. Migratory Fauna

No EPBC Act migratory fauna were recorded during the field survey at the Site (Table 6). An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of EPBC Act listed migratory fauna, based on field results, is summarised within Table 9. Table 9: Field survey results for EPBC Act migratory fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Class Scientific/ Common Name General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Suitable RE at Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Birds Seasonal migrant to Australia present October – April; aerial, commonly travelling in 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: aerial feeder seasonally Apus pacificus flocks ahead of low pressure cells in pursuit of insects which it takes on the wing (Pizzey present overhead. Fork-tailed Swift and Knight 2010). Ardea modesta ( as A. alba) Freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies in disturbed habitats (Pizzey and Nil Possible: may be present at small Eastern Great Egret, Great Knight 2010). ephemeral wetland at south-east Egret, White Egret end of Site. Widely distributed through coastal and near-coastal Australia but a scarce visitor to Nil Possible: may be present at small Ardea ibis southern inland Queensland (Birdlife Australia 2015). Frequents freshwater wetlands ephemeral wetland at south-east Cattle Egret but often forages in pasture; roosts in wetlands (Pizzey and Knight 2010). end of Site. Migrates between Japan and Australia, where it is a spring - autumn visitor. Feeds on Nil Possible: may be present at small Gallinago hardwickii invertebrates found on the margins of freshwater wetlands, including artificial water- ephemeral wetland at south-east Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe bodies (Pizzey and Knight 2010). end of Site. Haliaeetus leucogaster More common coastally but some birds occur far inland along major rivers, including Nil Unlikely: no habitat present on White-bellied Sea-Eagle the Fitzroy-Dawson and Maranoa-Balonne systems (Birdlife Australia 2015). the Site. Seasonal migrant to Australia present October – April; aerial, commonly travelling in 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: aerial feeder seasonally Hirundapus caudacutus flocks ahead of low pressure cells in pursuit of insects which it takes on the wing (Pizzey present overhead. White-throated Needletail and Knight 2010). Widespread and abundant species frequently present in southern inland Queensland 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: suitable foraging Merops ornatus during spring and summer (Birdlife Australia 2015, Barrett et al. 2003). Feeds on aerial habitat is present throughout the Rainbow Bee-eater insects and nests in burrows in sandy soils (Pizzey and Knight 2010). Site; potential breeding habitat is present in RE 11.5.1a. Myiagra cyanoleuca October-April breeding migrant to south-eastern Australia (Birdlife Australia 2015). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: may use woodland Satin Flycatcher Insectivorous and live in closed forests and moist open forests (Pizzey and Knight 2010). habitat during migratory passage. Rostratula benghalensis (sensu Dependent on ephemeral and temporary shallow wetlands, including artificial water Nil Possible: may be present at small lato) bodies, for feeding and breeding habitat (DOE 2015b). Cryptic and easily overlooked. ephemeral wetland at south-east Painted Snipe end of Site.

Rev 0 11 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

4.2.1.5. Marine Fauna

Five EPBC Act marine fauna species were recorded during the field survey at the Site (Table 6). An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of other EPBC Act listed marine fauna identified in the PMST search (DoE 2015a) as potentially present at the Site, based on field results, is summarised within Table 10. Table 10: Field survey results for EPBC Act marine fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Class Scientific/ Common Name General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Suitable RE at Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Birds Seasonal migrant to Australia present October – April; aerial, commonly travelling in flocks 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: aerial feeder seasonally Apus pacificus ahead of low pressure cells in pursuit of insects which it takes on the wing (Pizzey and present overhead. Fork-tailed Swift Knight 2010). Ardea modesta ( as A. alba) Freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies in disturbed habitats (Pizzey and Nil Possible: may be present at small Eastern Great Egret, Great Knight 2010). ephemeral wetland at south-east Egret, White Egret end of Site. Widely distributed through coastal and near-coastal Australia but a scarce visitor to Nil Possible: may be present at small Ardea ibis southern inland Queensland (Birdlife Australia 2015). Frequents freshwater wetlands but ephemeral wetland at south-east Cattle Egret often forages in pasture; roosts in wetlands (Pizzey and Knight 2010). end of Site. Migrates between Japan and Australia, where it is a spring - autumn visitor. Feeds on Nil Possible: may be present at small Gallinago hardwickii invertebrates found on the margins of freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies ephemeral wetland at south-east Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe (Pizzey and Knight 2010). end of Site. Haliaeetus leucogaster More common coastally but some birds occur far inland along major rivers, including the Nil Unlikely: no habitat present on White-bellied Sea-Eagle Fitzroy-Dawson and Maranoa-Balonne systems (Birdlife Australia 2015). the Site. Seasonal migrant to Australia present October – April; aerial, commonly travelling in flocks 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: aerial feeder seasonally Hirundapus caudacutus ahead of low pressure cells in pursuit of insects which it takes on the wing (Pizzey and present overhead. White-throated Needletail Knight 2010). Widespread and abundant species frequently present in southern inland Queensland during 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: suitable foraging Merops ornatus spring and summer (Birdlife Australia 2015, Barrett et al. 2003). Feeds on aerial insects and habitat is present throughout the Rainbow Bee-eater nests in burrows in sandy soils (Pizzey and Knight 2010). Site; potential breeding habitat is present in RE 11.5.1a. Myiagra cyanoleuca October-April breeding migrant to south-eastern Australia (Birdlife Australia 2015). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: may use woodland Satin Flycatcher Insectivorous and live in closed forests and moist open forests (Pizzey and Knight 2010). habitat during migratory passage. Rostratula benghalensis (sensu Dependent on ephemeral and temporary shallow wetlands, including artificial water Nil Possible: may be present at small lato) bodies, for feeding and breeding habitat (DOE 2015b). Cryptic and easily overlooked. ephemeral wetland at south-east Painted Snipe end of Site.

Rev 0 12 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.2. Queensland Environmental Matters

Field survey results for State environmental matters are summarised in Table 11. Table 11: State environmental matters – field survey results

Present State Environmental Matters Location Descriptioniv Status* Comments (Y/N) 11.9.5 Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) and/or Belah Refer to Appendix One patch and associated roadside strip of mature Y (Casuarina cristata) shrubby open forest on Endangered G. regrowth. Cainozoic fine-grained sediments Endangered REs 11.9.10 Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla), Poplar Box Refer to Appendix One remnant patch and one match and associated Y (Eucalyptus populnea) shrubby open forest to Endangered G. roadside strip of mature regrowth. woodland on Cainozoic fine-grained sediments NC Act listed flora (EVNT) N n/a n/a n/a n/a NC Act listed fauna (EVNT) N n/a n/a n/a n/a Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus) Refer to Appendix Narrow-leaved Bottle Tree (Brachychiton rupestris) Y Special Least Concern n/a Special Least Concern flora I. Black Orchid (Cymbidium canaliculatum) Mulga Fern (Cheilanthes sieberi ) Refer to Appendix Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), Recorded presence was identified by scats for both Y Special Least Concern Special Least Concern fauna I. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) species.

iv Status and description taken from Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006

Rev 0 13 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.2.1. Ground-truthed Regional Ecosystems

DNRM (2015) mapping for the Site and the results of ground truthing can be summarised as follows: Two remnant vegetation polygons are mapped for the Site (Appendix D), these being an area of RE 11.9.5 at the northern end and a mixed polygon (50%/50%) of REs 11.9.10/11.5.1 in the southern two-thirds of the Site. The area of mapped RE 11.9.5 was found to be mature regrowth of the mapped RE and was locally dominated by Belah (Casuarina cristata). Median canopy height (i.e. 10.0 m) recorded at survey site S2-SP9 was marginally less than the required 70% threshold to achieve remnant vegetation height (using the western form of this RE as the benchmark). DBH (<20 cm) of the trees present at the survey site and throughout the remainder of the patch indicated that the vegetation had regrown from a previous historical disturbance. Both of the other mapped REs (11.5.1 and 11.9.10) were confirmed as being present; however, the ground-truthed extent of these REs slightly differs from DNRM (2015) mapping. Remnant and mature regrowth examples of RE 11.9.10 were present with examples of this RE being more heavily disturbed (historically) in the eastern side of the Site. Areas of woodland identified on land zone 5 do not closely match any RE description within REDD. Within the Site, Poplar Box (Eucalyptus populnea) woodland on land zone 5 has Silver-leaved Ironbark as a co-dominant or subdominant species. These woodlands have been attributed to RE 11.5.1a as the closest general fit. Although RE 11.5.5 has Silver-leaved Ironbark as the dominant species according to REDD this RE occurs on soils which have a thick, sandy and usually red, surface horizon. Soils at the Site within this land zone are brown to pale brown loams and sandy loams which are typical of soils with which RE 11.5.1 is usually associated. Relict trees indicate that small areas of RE 11.3.2 and 11.3.25 may have been formerly present in the extreme south- eastern corner of the Site; however this area has been heavily disturbed (i.e. cleared) and no remnant patches of these REs of mappable size were identified. A summary of ground-truthed vegetation is presented in Table 12. All ground truthed regional ecosystems and regrowth are represented schematically in Appendix H.

Rev 0 14 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Table 12: Ground-truthed remnant and regrowth regional ecosystems

Survey Status RE ID RE Polygon Identifiers REDD Short description Field Description Condition Site(s) (Biodiversity)v

Remnant 4617A80D318FCF5 S3-SP9, No Concern at Eucalyptus populnea woodland Eucalyptus populnea and/or E. melanophloia One large patch (60.6 ha) on plain mostly 11.5.1a S4-SP9, Present with Allocasuarina luehmannii woodland; low tree layer composed of Allocasuarina on western side of Dingo Creek. Tree, S11-SP9 low tree layer luehmannii and Callitris glaucophylla; shrub layer shrub and ground layers generally in good present including Geijera parviflora and Eremophila condition but understorey invaded by mitchellii; grassy ground layer dominated by Aristida Casuarina cristata in places presumably spp. due to lack of recent fire. Regrowth 375D40901F4FD75, S2-SP9 Endangered Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata dominated open forest. Well- One patch total area 24.4 ha and adjoining 11.9.5 79F1691A3FDCEE0 Casuarina cristata open forest developed shrub layer (typically Geijera parviflora, roadside strip (3.5 ha). on fine-grained sedimentary Eremophila mitchellii) with a ground layer rocks dominated by Paspalidium caespitosum, Although a component RE of Brigalow TEC Ancistrachne uncinulata and forbs. this patch is locally dominated by Casuarina cristata (i.e. Acacia harpophylla is not dominant or co-dominant (TSSC 2013)). Though this does not conform to Key Diagnostic Criterion 1 (TSSC 2013), it is likely that the patch and strip are relictual areas of Brigalow-dominant RE 11.9.5 formerly more widespread in the adjoining landscape. The occurrence of this RE otherwise meets structural and condition criteria (i.e. > 0.5 ha; regrowth >15 years old). A precautionary approach has been applied to classify these areas as TEC. Remnant 453113281B1467B S6-SP9, Endangered Eucalyptus populnea open Eucalyptus populnea, Casuarina cristata woodland – One patch (14.6 ha) along western 11.9.10 S5-SP9, forest with a secondary tree open forest with scattered Acacia harpophylla; boundary of Site. Ground layer dominated S7-SP9 layer of Acacia harpophylla and shrub layer dominated by Geijera parviflora, by native grasses and forbs. sometimes Casuarina cristata Eremophila mitchellii and E. deserti; grassy ground on fine-grained sedimentary layer dominated by Enteropogon ramosus. rocks Regrowth 5D5906AB20122F0, S10-SP9 Casuarina cristata, Eucalyptus populnea low open Large patch on eastern side of Site (28.3 11.9.10 2D5A9BE26CE8917 forest; shrub layer dominated by Eremophila ha) and associated roadside strip (1.5 ha). mitchellii, Geijera parviflora and Eremophila deserti; Historically disturbed by wildfire and/or very sparse ground layer dominated by native clearing. Poplar Box formerly more perennial grasses and forbs. abundant in the RE but many canopy trees of this species were dead. v Status and description taken from DEHP 2015e

Rev 0 15 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.2.2. Threatened Flora

No records of threatened flora were contained in a Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map for the Site (DEHP 2015d). No NC Act listed flora species were recorded during the field survey at the Site. An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence, based on field inspection results, of NC Act listed threatened flora species potentially present at the Site is summarised in Table 13. Table 13: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Scientific/ Common General Habitat Potentially Family Statusvi Likelihood of Occurrence Name Requirements/ Notes Suitable RE

Apocynaceae Tylophora linearis E Dry sclerophyll woodland 11.9.10 Unlikely: suitable habitat is present (TSSC 2008b). The Site is 130 but the species has only been Slender Tylophora km north of the only collected once in Queensland collection site in Queensland (AVH 2015).

Asteraceae Rutidosis lanata V Occurs along ecotones Nil Unlikely: suitable habitat is absent at between dry sclerophyll the Site Red-soil Woolly woodland communities Wrinklewort dominated by Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus woollsiana, Eucalyptus crebra, E. fibrosa and E. populnea on clay, loam and sand (DSITIA 2014).

Poaceae Homopholis belsonii E In Brigalow Belt usually found 11.9.5, Possible: this species is known to on flat to gently undulating 11.9.10 occur within Brigalow woodland and Belson’s Panic alluvial areas/clay plains its range overlaps with the Site (TSSC supporting Casuarina cristata 2008a). It may occur in shadier parts and Acacia harpophylla forest of remnant woodland where the (DOE 2015b, TSSC 2008c). ground layer does not contain or has Other associated species a low density of invasive exotic include Eucalyptus populnea, grasses such as Buffel Grass E. melanophloia, A. melvillei (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Green Panic and Geijera parviflora (DSITIA (Megathyrsus maximus). 2014).

Solanaceae Solanum V Inhabits grassland or 11.9.5, Possible: the Site is within the known stenopterum woodlands of Belah 11.9.10 range of this species (DERM 2012e) (Casuarina cristata) and and potentially suitable habitat is Winged Nightshade Poplar Box (Eucalyptus present within Belah and Poplar Box populnea) on black, brown or woodlands at the Site red clay loam soils. It also grows on loamy ridges, along roadsides and in paddocks. (Bean 2004).

vi E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened

Rev 0 16 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.2.3. Threatened Fauna

No NC Act listed fauna species were detected during the field survey. An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of all other NC Act listed threatened fauna species potentially present at the Site, based on field results, is summarised within Table 14. Table 14: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Scientific/ Common Name Statusvii Likelihood of Occurrence Suitable RE

Calyptorhynchus lathami V Dependent on the fruits of several species of 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Probable: potentially Casuarina and Allocasuarina spp. found in a 11.9.10 suitable habitat food Glossy Black-Cockatoo variety of forest types (Pizzey and Knight 2010, plants Casuarina cristata Garnett et al. 2011). It will visit isolated trees are present in nominated and remnant patches where food trees are REs and as scattered present (Holmes 2012). trees throughout the Site.

Erythrotriorchis radiatus E Woodlands and open forests, especially those 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Unlikely: a limited near to permanent water; requires tall trees 11.9.10 amount of foraging Red Goshawk (>20 m) for nest sites (Marchant and Higgins habitat is present at the 1993). Mobile species with a large home range Site. - population densities are very low, even in optimal habitat.

Geophaps scripta scripta V Grassy woodlands with open areas for foraging 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Unlikely: a limited habitat and a nearby water source (Higgins and 11.9.10 amount of foraging Squatter Pigeon (southern Davies 1996). The species has disappeared habitat is present at the subspecies) from parts of its former range (Reis 2012) and Site. there are no recent records within the tenement (Birds Australia 2015).

Grantiella picta V A seasonal visitor to SCQ which is dependent 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Possible: potential food upon fruiting mistletoes present in a variety of 11.9.10 plants (i.e. Amyema spp.) Painted Honeyeater Eucalyptus and Acacia woodlands and are present in low shrublands (Birdlife Australia 2015). It nests densities within the Site. near to an abundant supply of fruits (Higgins et al. 2001, Watson 2012). Nil Neochmia ruficauda E Tall grasslands associated with watercourses Unlikely: no suitable ruficauda (DOE 2015b). Historically may have been habitat is present and the present but no recent records within the Site Site is outside of extant Eastern Star Finch and the eastern subspecies is considered to be range. extinct in the wild (Garnett et al. 2011). Nil Possible: may be present Rostratula australis V Dependent on ephemeral and temporary at small ephemeral shallow wetlands, including artificial water Australian Painted Snipe wetland at south-east bodies, for feeding and breeding habitat (DOE end of Site. 2015b). Cryptic and easily overlooked.

Jalmenus eubulus V Usually associated with Brigalow (Acacia 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: suitable larval harpophylla) open forests and woodlands food plants (mature Pale Imperial Hairstreak (Valentine and Johnson 2012) but larvae will Acacia harpophylla) are also forage on other Acacia spp. (Common and present within the Site. Waterhouse 1981). Nil Chalinolobus dwyeri V Occurs within or near landscapes with Unlikely: no suitable relatively high relief (DOE 2015b). Forages in roosting habitat at or Large-eared Pied Bat open forests and woodlands and roosts in near Site. adjacent caves and overhangs of cliffs and rocky hills (Dennis 2012).

Rev 0 17 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Scientific/ Common Name Statusvii Likelihood of Occurrence Suitable RE

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Possible: suitable habitat Nyctophilus corbeni V Distribution and habitat preferences very 11.9.10 trees with hollows poorly known (Reardon 2012). Inhabits range South-eastern Long-eared present as well as of dry forest and woodland types in SCQ and Bat suitable foraging habitat. roosts in tree hollows and crevices and under loose bark (DOE 2015b).

Acanthophis antarcticus NT A widespread but patchily distributed snake 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: areas of dense (ALA 2015). Lives in woodlands, open forests shrub and leaf litter cover Common Death Adder and heathlands; requires abundant in limited amounts within shelter/ambush predation cover e.g. low the Site. shrubs, rocks, logs, and dense leaf litter (Wilson 2005). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Unlikely: although Delma torquata V Occupies eucalypt woodlands and open forests 11.9.10 potentially suitable REs and lives under surface rock and woody debris Collared Delma are present these are (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b). Small and difficult unlikely to support this to detect. Recent survey work has greatly specie due to lack of expanded knowledge of its distribution and suitable shelter sites. habitat (Peck 2012). Nil Denisonia maculata V Potentially present in all lowlands associated Unlikely: the species is with the Dawson - Fitzroy River catchments not known to be present Ornamental Snake (DOE 2015b). Preys on frogs and is associated within the tenement. with ephemeral and permanent wetlands where it shelters in soil cracks and under debris e.g. logs, rocks (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Egernia rugosa V Lives in woodland and open forests and also Probable: habitat logs 11.9.10 grassland with regrowth trees where it present. Yakka Skink requires suitable soils for burrows, sinkholes, abandoned rabbit warrens or large fallen woody material for shelter (Eddie 2012). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Furina dunmalli V Very poorly known species that occupies Probable: habitat logs 11.9.10 woodlands and open forests; may be reliant on present. Dunmall’s Snake presence of abundant fallen woody debris (Hobson 2012a). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Hemiaspis damelii E Strongly associated with seasonally inundated Possible: potential 11.9.10 plains, especially those with cracking clays and habitat is very limited at Grey Snake gilgai development (Hobson 2012b). the Site. Nil Rheodytes leukops V Dependent on permanent streams with a Unlikely: no suitable preference for deep pools often with watercourses are present Fitzroy River Turtle intervening riffle zones (DOE 2015b). Not within the Site. recorded from upper drainages of the Fitzroy River catchment (Limpus et al. 2011). 11.5.1a, 11.9.5, Strophurus taenicauda NT Lives in dry open forest and woodlands, Probable: habitat trees 11.9.10 especially those with well-developed shrub with small hollows and/or Golden-tailed Gecko layer where it shelters in tree hollows and decorticating bark are splits, and under loose bark (QMDC 2008). present.

vii E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened

Rev 0 18 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.2.4. Pest Fauna

Pest fauna recorded on-site has been mapped based on field survey results (Appendix J). Table 15 describes pest fauna detected at the Site. Table 15: Pest fauna recorded at the Site.

Scientific Name Common Name Status* Area of Occurrence

Oryctolagus cuniculus European Rabbit Class 2 declared pest Refer to Appendix J. Sus scrofa Pig Class 2 declared pest Refer to Appendix J. *Status taken from LP Act/DoE 2015a 4.2.3. Disturbances

The majority of the Site has been historically disturbed presumably from clearing and/or wildfire. Most of the current vegetation is mature regrowth which covers >90% of the Site. Two small clearings are present, one around an old windmill and turkey’s nest dam along the north-eastern boundary of the Site and another at the south- eastern extremity of the Site. The Site is adjoined by sealed roads along the northern and eastern boundaries. 4.2.4. Watercourses & Wetlands

Mapped streams (DNRM 2015) were assessed at multiple locations within the Site (Appendix K). No watercourses were identified at the Site. One mapped stream order 1 drainage line is present at the Site this being Dingo Creek which flows north-south and bisects the Site. This was assessed as a drainage feature as defined by the Water Act 2000. Two unmapped drainage features (tributaries of Dingo Creek) were also detected at the Site. All of the drainage features ultimately drain into Yuleba Creek outside of the assessment area. Table 16 provides details of the characteristics of examined streams and their classification as per the Water Act 2000 criteria. Ground-truthed watercourses and the location of drainage feature assessment sites are mapped in Appendix K. Table 16: Ground-truthed drainage features at the Site.

Mapped stream Is Site Description and justification order Watercourse?

Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (shallow scoured channel 0.5 m deep and to 3.0 S1-SP9 1 No m wide); hydrophytes absent; riparian vegetation absent; no evidence of extended flows. Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (shallow scoured channel 0.3 m deep and to 4.0 S4-SP9 unmapped No m wide); hydrophytes present (Juncus usitatus*, Leptochloa digitata*); riparian vegetation absent; no evidence of extended flows. Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (shallow scoured channel 0.5 m deep and to 3.0 S9-SP9 unmapped No m wide); hydrophytes absent; riparian vegetation absent; no evidence of extended flows. Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (deeply shallow scoured channel 1.5 m deep and to 6.0 m wide, clay substrate); hydrophytes present (Juncus usitatus*, Leptochloa digitata*, S13-SP9 1 No Cyperus exaltatus*); riparian vegetation absent; nil evidence of extended flows but ephemeral waterhole present (dry at time of survey). Drainage feature: well defined bed and banks (channel 1.8 m deep and to 5.0 m wide, clay substrate); hydrophytes present (Juncus usitatus*, Leptochloa digitata*, Cyperus S14-SP9 1 No exaltatus*); riparian vegetation absent although scattered Eucalyptus tereticornis and Angophora floribunda present; nil evidence of extended flows but ephemeral waterhole present (dry at time of survey). *Flora Wetland Indicator Species (DEHP 2015f) No Referable Wetlands were identified during desktop searches (DEHP 2015c). One small wetland meeting wetland definition criteria (DERM 2011) was detected during the field assessment at the Site. This is represented by survey site S13-SP9 (refer to description in Table 16). The location of this wetland is shown in Appendix K.

Rev 0 19 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 4.2.5. Conclusions

An ecological assessment of the Site showed the following ecological values to be present: Two Endangered REs: 11.9.5 and 11.9.10. Four Special Least Concern flora species: o Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus); o Narrow-leaved Bottle Tree (Brachychiton rupestris); o Black Orchid (Cymbidium canaliculatum); and o Mulga Fern (Cheilanthes sieberi). Occurrence of one (Koala) and potential habitat for five additional EPBC Act threat-listed species: Belson’s Panic, the Australian Painted Snipe, South-eastern Long-eared Bat, Dunmall’s Snake and the Yakka Skink. Potential habitat for 12 NC Act threat-listed species: Belson’s Panic, Winged Nightshade, Glossy Black- Cockatoo, Painted Honeyeater, Australian Painted Snipe, South-eastern Long-eared Bat, Grey Snake, Common Death Adder, Dunmall’s Snake, Golden-tailed Gecko, Yakka Skink and the Pale Imperial Hairstreak butterfly. The following environmental constraints were recorded at the Site: Two Class 2 declared pest animals: o European Rabbit; and o Pig. It is recommended that the findings in this report are considered during detailed development planning such that disturbance to the ecological values of the site and locality may be avoided wherever practical. Where disturbance is unavoidable, impact mitigation measures are to be implemented in accordance with the approved site environmental management plan and regulatory approval conditions.

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Appendix C. Wildlife Online Database Search Results.

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Rev 0 39 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix D. DNRM Mapped Regional Ecosystems.

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Rev 0 41 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix E. DEHP Mapping of ESAs & Other Environmental Values on Site.

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Rev 0 43 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix F. List of Fauna & Native Flora Species Identified on Site.

*Status taken from Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 and DoE 2015c

Legislative status Legislative status Class Scientific name Common name (NC Act, LP Act)* (EPBC Act)*

Flora Abutilon oxycarpum Lantern Bush LC - Acacia decora Pretty Wattle LC - Acacia excelsa Ironwood LC - Acacia harpophylla Brigalow LC - Acacia leiocalyx Early Flowering Black Wattle LC - Acacia salicina Sally Wattle, Doolan LC - Acacia sp. (probably A. omalophylla) Yarran - - Achyranthes aspera Chaff Flower, Devil's Horsewhip LC - Alectryon diversifolius Scrub Boonaree LC - Alectryon oleifolius Boonaree, Rosewood LC - Allocasuarina luehmannii Bulloak LC - Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed LC - Amyema congener Variable Mistletoe LC - Ancistrachne uncinulata Hooky Grass LC - Angophora floribunda Rough-barked Apple LC - Anthobolus leptomerioides LC - Apophyllum anomalum Warrior Bush LC - Aristida caput-medusae Many-headed Wiregrass LC - Aristida sp. A Grass LC - Arundinella nepalensis Reedgrass LC - Atalaya hemiglauca Whitewood LC - Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong SLC - Brachychiton rupestris Narrow-leaved Bottle Tree SLC - Brunonia australis Blue Pincushion LC - Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress Pine LC - Capparis lasiantha Wait-A-While LC - Capparis mitchellii Bumble Tree LC - Carex appressa Tall Sedge, Tussock Sedge LC - Carissa ovata Currant Bush LC - Casuarina cristata Belah LC - Centipeda minima Spreading Sneezeweed LC - Cheilanthes sieberi Mulga Fern SLC - Chloris sp. A Grass LC - Citrus glauca Desert Lime LC - Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis LC - Cymbidium canaliculatum Black Orchid SLC -

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Legislative status Legislative status Class Scientific name Common name (NC Act, LP Act)* (EPBC Act)*

Cyperus exaltatus Tall Flat-sedge, Giant Sedge LC - Dianella brevipedunculata A Flax Lilly LC - Dianella longifolia Long-leaved Flax Lily, Smooth Flax LC -

Lily Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bush LC - Dodonaea viscosa subsp. spatulata Sticky Hopbush LC - Elaeodendron australe Red Olive Plum LC - Eleocharis sp. A Sedge LC - Enteropogon acicularis Curly Windmill Grass LC - Enteropogon ramosus Twirly Windmill Grass LC - Epaltes australis Spreading Nut-heads LC - Eragrostis elongata Clustered Lovegrass LC - Eremophila deserti Ellangowan Poison-bush LC - Eremophila longifolia Long-leaved Emu Bush, Berrigan LC - Eremophila mitchellii False Sandalwood LC - Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum LC - Eucalyptus chloroclada Baradine Red Gum LC - Eucalyptus melanophloia Silver-leaved Ironbark LC - Eucalyptus populnea Poplar Box LC - Eucalyptus tereticornis Queensland Blue Gum LC - Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-rush LC - Fimbristylis sp. A Fringe-rush LC - Geijera parviflora Wilga LC - Grevillea striata Beefwood LC - Jasminum didymum Native Jasmine LC - Juncus usitatus Common Rush LC - Leptochloa digitata Umbrella Canegrass LC - Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush LC - Maireana microphylla Cotton Bush LC - Maytenus cunninghamii Yellow-berry Bush LC - Owenia acidula Emu Apple LC - Parsonsia eucalyptophylla Gargaloo LC - Paspalidium caespitosum Brigalow Grass LC - Pimelea microcephala Shrubby Rice-flower LC - Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping Pittosporum, Gumbi Gumbi LC - Pittosporum spinescens Wallaby Apple LC - Psydrax johnsonii Brigalow Canthium LC - Psydrax odorata Shiny-leaved Canthium LC - Psydrax oleifolia Myrtle Tree LC - Scaevola spinescens Maroon Bush LC -

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Legislative status Legislative status Class Scientific name Common name (NC Act, LP Act)* (EPBC Act)*

Sclerolaena birchii Galvanised Burr LC - Senna artemisioides subsp. zygophylla Butter Bush LC - Senna coronilloides Brigalow Senna LC - Sida hackettiana Spiked Sida LC - Sigesbeckia orientalis Indian Weed LC - Solanum coracinum A Prickly Nightshade LC - Solanum ellipticum Potato Bush LC - Solanum parvifolium Small-leaved Nightshade LC - Themeda avenacea Wild Oats LC - Typha domingensis Narrow-leaved Cumbungi LC - Fauna Alectura lathami Australian Brush-Turkey LC - Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle LC - Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo LC - Chthonicola sagittata Speckled Warbler LC - Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush LC - Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike LC Marine Corvus coronoides Australian Raven LC - Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird LC - Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird LC - Cryptoblepharus pulcher pulcher Elegant Snake-eyed Skink LC - Danaus chrysippus petilia Lesser Wanderer LC - Danaus plexippus plexippus Monarch LC - Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite LC - Eolophus roseicapillus Galah LC - Eopsaltria australis Eastern Yellow Robin LC - Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko LC - Macropus dorsalis Black-striped Wallaby LC - Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren LC - Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner LC - Oryctolagus cuniculus European rabbit Class 2 - Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler LC - Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote LC - Petaurus breviceps Sugar Glider LC - Phascolarctos cinereus Koala SLC V Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail LC - Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail LC - Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill LC - Strepera graculina Pied Currawong LC - Sus scrofa Feral Pig Class 2 - Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked Echidna SLC -

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Legislative status Legislative status Class Scientific name Common name (NC Act, LP Act)* (EPBC Act)*

Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus Rainbow Lorikeet LC - Trichosurus vulpecula Common Brushtail Possum LC - Zosterops lateralis Silvereye LC Marine

Rev 0 47 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix G. Ground Truthed Threatened Ecological Communities.

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Rev 0 49 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix H. Ground Truthed Regional Ecosystems.

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Rev 0 51 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix I. Threatened & Special Least Concern Flora & Fauna Recorded at the Site

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Rev 0 53 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix J. Pest Fauna Recorded at the Site.

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Rev 0 55 Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Appendix K. Ground Truthed Drainage Features & Wetlands Present on Site.

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