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The Distribution of the Oviparous Killifishes of Florida

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The Distribution of the Oviparous Killifishes of Florida (z- C /2e(x-i.,-;-? Fr Science of Biology Journal )."-e a 4 June, 1975 Vol. 1 No 2 r72—vz. c / -7;e4/- Copyright 1975 Shawky Farag The Distribution of the Oviparous Killifishes of Florida Kenneth carpio and Yucatan populations to F. C. barbouri and F. c. Relyea - Associate Professor of Biology polyommus. In Florida, this species ranges from Cape San T3la1, Jacksonville University Gulf Co. (one record, Kaill, 1967), on Florida's gulf coast southward Jacksonville, Florida 32211 to the Florida Keys and Miami, and northward toLake Worth, Palm Beach Co. (JU 1338) on the Atlantic coast. The species is ° The State of Florida has a remarkably rich representation of egg- common, however, only from about 29 N. Lat., about Cedar Key, laying killifishes of the family Cyprinodontidae. The genus Fun- southward on the Gulf coast. The species then occurs disjunctly to dulus, with from 10 to 12 species (dependent on one's taxonomic the north on the Atlantic coast from Vero Beach, Indian River Co. point of view), is especially well represented. This represents (Kaill, op. cit.) northward to the southern end of Mosquito Lagoon, nearly one-half of the Fundulus species known from the United Volusia Co. (JU 1298). The northern and southern ends of the States. Two other species of Fundulus occur in Yucatan, and these Atlantic disjunct population may not be breeding populations, but are related to, and possibly derived from, Florida forms. In all, 19 only juveniles (Relyea, pers. obs., and Kaill, op. cit., Vero Beach). to 21 species of oviparous killies occur in Florida, and 3 of these are The main populations on the Atlantic coast are in the Titusville and endemic to the state. The total number of killie species for the Melbourne areas (about 29° N. Lat.). Records from Florida's United States is 46 (10 genera, 8 of which occur in Florida). northern Gulf coast (Fowler, 1917:39, Carrabelle; Goode and Bean, This paper will denote the known geographic distribution of 1882:433, Pensacola) under the name Cyprinodon mydrus are Florida killies, and should be useful to students of the difficult, perhaps impossible, to verify due to erroneous labeling zoogeography, ecology, and taxonomy of Florida fishes. For and possible mixing of collections in the USNM. Miller (1974) has discussions of Cyprinodont genera the ready is referred to Myers made an effort to rectify some of these problems. The species does (1931), Miller (1955a), and Rosen (1964, 1971). Miller (1955b) and not appear to occur in the Carrabelle or Pensacola areas now. Brown (1957) have presented general reviews of the genus Fun- Gunter's (1941:204) and Garman's (1895:27) records of F. carpio dulus, and Moore (1968) provided a complete key to the North from Texas are probably in error and based on C. variegatus. American oviparous killifishes. Fundulus chrysotus (Holbrook) Adinia xenica (Jordan and Gilbert) The golden topminnow occurs in freshwaters throughout Florida. The diamond killifish occurs in protected brackish waters from Its total range is from South Carolina to the southern tip of Florida the Florida Keys (Jacksonville University Collections from Big (but not the Keys) and westward along the Gulf coast to eastern Pine Key, Monroe County, JU 937 and 1034, and Hastings and Texas, and northward to southern Missouri and Tennessee (Miller, Yerger, 1971) to Texas along the Gulf of Mexico coast. The western 1955b; Brown, 1957). This species may be distinguished from the limits of this species along the Texas coast are not known similar F. cingulatus. by its pointed gill rakers (blunt in F. adequately (given as San Patricio Co. by Hastings and Yerger, op. cingulatus). cit. ). Apparently Adinia does not occur north of the Miami area on Fundulus cingulatus (Valenciennes) the Atlantic coast of Florida (JU 870, Dade Co.). The banded topminnow is a freshwater species that ranges from Cyprinodon hubbsi (Carr) southern Georgia southward to at least the Tamiami canal in south The Lake Eustis pupfish is endemic to at least 6 large central Florida (Brown, 1956), and westward through the Florida Florida freshwater lakes (Eustis, JU 1342, and original description, panhandle to the Escambia River (Bailey, Winn, and Smith, 1954). Carr, 1936; Harris, JU 1363; Dora, JU 199 and 1356; Weir, JU 1349; It is certainly not a continuously distributed form, however, and is Griffin, JU 1339; and Yale, JU 1355). Its absence from other similar not especially common at the extremes of its range. This may be lakes such as Lake Placid and Big Lake Tohopekaliga is an the least studied of Florida freshwater killies. enigma. Pupfish from Lake Okeechobee are probably C. Fundulus confluentus (Goode and Bean) The marsh killifish, a brackish and freshwater species, occurs variegatus. throughout the state of Florida, including the Florida Keys. It is Cyprinodon variegatus (LacOde) more common in freshwater in the southern half of the peninsula. The sheepshead pupfish ranges continuously from The species ranges from Chesapeake Bay (Hildebrand and Massachusetts to Texas, and occurs in both fresh and brackish Schroeder, 1928) southward throughout Florida and westward situations in Florida. The pupfish in Lake Okeechobee is probably along the Gulf of Mexico coast. Bailey, Winn, and Smith (1954) this species, as are pupfish in freshwater situations in the Florida defined the western limit as Baldwin Co., Alabama, with F. con- Keys and Everglades (JU 1334, Okeechobee; JU 941, 1031, 1035, Big fluentus being replaced westward from there by F. pulvereus. Pine Key; JU 272, 397, 439, 561, Everglades localities). A disjunct Relyea (1965) regarded F. pulvereus. as conspecific with F. con- subspecies, C. v. artifrons, Hubbs (1936), is known from Yucatan. fluentus, hence F. confluentus has a continuous distribution inthe Populations in the Florida Keys and Cuba have been recognized as Gulf of Mexico To at least the Laguna Madre of Texas (Breuer, another subspecies, C. v. riverendi (Jordan and Evermann, 1896). 1962). For a discussion of West Indian and Bahamian populations of Fundulus grandis (Baird and Girard) Cyprinodon (several species) see Hubbs and Miller (1942), and for The gulf killifish, contrary to the common name, is not restricted western U. S. species, Miller (1948). Ager (1971) and Kushlan and to the Gulf of Mexico. It does occur continuously, ot nearly so, Lodge (1974) briefly discussed Lake Okeechobee and south Florida in the Gulf from Laguna de Tamiahua, Mexico (Miller, 1955b) populations, respectively. •through the northern Gulf and southward to about Floridichthys carpio (Gunther) Marco, Collier Co., Florida (southwestern Florida coast). There The gold-spotted killifish occurs both in Florida and Yucatan, seem to be no records between Marco and Cape Sable (Florida with Florida populations being relegated to the subspecies F. c. Bay, Monroe Co.) (Relyea, 1967). In Florida Bay and the Florida 49 Keys, populations are probably referable to F. E. saguanus (Cuban fja_lamitdu (Agassiz) subspecies, Rivas, 1948). Relyea (1967) suggested that Florida Bay and and Keys populations, and Cuban populations, be recognized as F. Fundulus lineolatus (Agassiz) saguanus. The distribution of this latter form is from Boca Raton The star head topminnows present another complex pattern of ( two known specimens, both juveniles, JU 951) southward through geographic variation. Brown (1958) considered this species com- the Florida Keys to the Tortugas (United States National Museum plex to consist of three subspecies: 1. Fundulus notti lineolatus, Coll., USNM 116897, 2 specimens) and Cuba (Rivas, 1948). On the ranging from Virginia to central Florida and westward to the Atlantic coast, another population of Fundulus grandis occurs Ochlockonee River in Florida and Georgia. I have specimens of this disjunctly from Gulf and south Florida populations just described. form southward to Lake Chekika, in southern Dade Co., near This Atlantic population occurs from Lake Worth (Univ. of Florida Homestead ( JU 392). It is not known from the Florida Keys. 2. F. n. Coll., UF 1490 and 4662) northward to Amelia Island, Nassau Co. notti ranging from the New River ( intergrades with E. n. (JU 36, 44, 111, and 113). The distribution of Fundulus saguanus lineolatus in the Crooked River which connects the Ochlockonee between disjunct Gulf and Atlantic F. grandis populations probably and New Rivers) westward to eastern Texas. 3. F. n. dispar, reflects recent splitting of F. grandis populations with recession of ranging throughout the Mississippi Valley northward. Rivas (1966) the Wisconsin glacier. Fundulus saguanus would then represent a awarded specific rank to F. lineolatus. Moore (1968:112-113) gave a glacial relict, in the sense of Walters and Robins (1961), which is general review of the issue. Further taxonomic and distributional now allopatric with respect to F. grandis. The closely related study of this strictly freshwater species is warranted. F'unduhis grandissimus of Yucatan may be another glacial relict in Fundulus olivaceus (Storer) this species complex. The black spotted topminnow is a stream dwelling counterpart of Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) the pond dwelling F. notti complex. It ranges throughout the middle The mummichog is a temperate species related to F. grandis. It and lower Mississippi Valley southward to the Gulf of Mexico. ranges from Canada (Brown, 1957) southward to Brevard Co., Along the Gulf it ranges from eastern Texas to the Choctawhatchee Florida (3.5 mi. S of Edgewater, JU 876). Fundulus heteroclitus River in the Florida panhandle ( Thomerson, 1966). Since this overlaps the distribution of F. grandis in northeastern Florida species occurs in the Chattahoochee River in Georgia,it should be between Amelia Island, Nassau Co., and Brevard Co. Hybrids looked for in Florida portions of that river system (Thomerson, op. should be looked for in collections from this area. cit.) Fundulus 'enkinsi (Evermann ) Fundulus seminolis (Girard) The salt marsh topminnow is a rarely encountered fish in The seminole killifish is an essentially freshwater species that is Florida.
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