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Studies on Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Traditional Practitioners, Jhankri, Bijuwa and Phedangma in Darjeeling Himalaya Explore

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Studies on Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Traditional Practitioners, Jhankri, Bijuwa and Phedangma in Darjeeling Himalaya Explore Natural Product Radiance, Vol. 8(5), 2009, pp.537-541 Explorer:Research Paper Studies on ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional practitioners, Jhankri, Bijuwa and Phedangma in Darjeeling Himalaya Pranay Bantawa1* and Ritu Rai2 1Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya P.O. Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736 165, West Bengal, India 2Department of Botany, Kurseong College, P.O. Kurseong-734 203, Darjeeling, West Bengal *Correspondent author, E-mail: [email protected] Received 5 September 2007; Accepted 24 April 2009 Abstract ethnomedicinal plants used by Jhankri, Biodiversity of eastern Himalayas including Sikkim and Darjeeling is well known. Many Bijuwa and Phedangma, the present ethnic groups reside in this beautiful Himalayan region. Although the modern medicinal facilities work was undertaken3, 5, 6, 9-18. are available in the urban areas of Darjeeling yet local population of far flung places still prefers to use traditional plant resources. An ethnobotanical study was conducted among the traditional practitioners: Jhankri, Bijuwa and Phedangma. Mostly they rely on locally available plant Materials and Methods materials to cure many diseases and disorders. In this paper a total of 41 species of plants as used For the present survey intensive by traditional practitioners of this area are listed alphabetically by botanical names, followed by field work has been done among Nepali family (in parenthesis) and medicinal uses. tribal communities and for this present Keywords: Ethnomedicinal plants, Jaributy, Jhankri, Bijuwa, Phedangma, Darjeeling study fifteen different villages and tea Himalaya. gardens were selected. These areas were IPC code; Int. cl.8—A61K 36/00, A61K 35/78 visited regularly for observations, development of understanding and Introduction herbal medicine is predominant for long relations with the local people, so that The district Darjeeling lie time4-5. Deeply seated in its antiquity but they feel free to divulge their long between 26º 27’ and 27º 13’N latitude and very thinly documented, the Nepali system protected traditional knowledge. Herbal 87º 59’ and 88º 53’ E latitude and is one of herbal survives today in the region as practitioners from these regions like of the major part of the eastern Jaributy or simply as Pahaday Dabai. Jhankri, Bijuwa and Phedangma Himalayas. The total area covered by Hence, the Jaributy system has to bring were interviewed regularly and the plants this district is 3254.7 sq km, of which up the several disjointed systems together of interest were recognized with their help 2417 sq km area is occupied by the hills to get proper status6-8. and also with the help of other village folks with an altitudinal variation between The existence of traditional (mainly of elderly people). Voucher 130 m (at Sukana) to 3670 m (at Phalut). knowledge on medicinal plants and their specimens were properly collected, The region harbours a wide range of uses are more common among the processed and mounted on the herbarium 19 floristic diversity (Plate 1a). Amongst the spiritual healers locally known as Jhakri, sheets . The specimens were identified diverse floristic elements, many plants are Bijuwa, Boongthing, Baidang and using available literature and matching the of religious, socio-cultural and medicinal Phedangma. However, many research specimens with the specimens at values1-4. workers have documented many medicinal herbarium in Sikkim Himalayan Circle Many systems of herbal medicine plants but very little work on the (BSHC), Gangtok. Some published and are in practice in Darjeeling Himalayas traditional uses of medicinal plants by unpublished literature were also including Bhutias system, Nepali system these healers had been attempted. Thus, consulted for relevant information. The and Lepcha system. But, Lepcha system of with the point of view to document the enumeration of the collected specimens Vol 8(5) September-October 2009 537 Explorer:Research Paper has been arranged alphabetically by Titepathi; Loc: Pokhria Bong, 9. Centella asiatica (Linn.)Urban botanical name, family (in parenthesis), Sungma, Nagri (Plate 1b). (Apiaceae)–Nep: Golpatta, Paise local names (where ever found), locality Shoots are consumed in case of jhar, Athanne jhar; Loc: Sungma, and their medicinal uses. Abbreviations mouth ulcer. Leaves are crushed and Pokhria Bong, Maneybhanjyang, used are: Nep: Nepali, Lep: Lepcha and applied externally on forehead during Singee, Takdah, Tung, Dhajay. Loc: Locality. dizziness and headache. Leaves and young shoots are taken 5. Asparagus racemosus Willd. orally in case of tonsillitis. Results (Liliaceae) –Nep: Satamuli; Loc: 10. Clematis buchananiana DC. Species enumeration Sungma. (Ranunculaceae)–Nep: Pinase 1. Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Crushed root extract is given orally Lahara; Loc: Sungma, Mirik, (Ranunculaceae)–Nep: Bikhuma; in case of diabetes and tuberculosis. Achalal, Chamong, Sonada. Loc: Sukhia Pokhri*, Pokhria Bong*, Paste prepared from roots is applied Roots are crushed and wrapped in Sonada*. (*= Collected from the externally in case of bone fracture and cotton cloth which produces pungent market). joint dislocation. smell. This is inhaled through nose Rhizome is taken orally against food 6. Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex in case of sinuses. poisoning often called harital in D. Don (Saxifragaceae)–Nep: 11. Commelina paludosa Blume local language. Dried rhizome is Budokhati; Loc: Lebong, Pedong, (Commelinaceae)–Nep: Bhaisen taken orally in small quantities Chamong. jhar; Loc: Sukhia, Chamong, Achalal, against bodyache. Rhizome is taken orally to get relief Tung. 2. Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. syn. from bodyache. Rhizome is taken Paste is prepared from roots and is A. vasica Nees (Acanthaceae)–Nep: orally by women against irregular applied externally against boil. Asuru; Loc: Nagri. menstrual cycle. 12. Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Young leaves and shoots are taken 7. Belamcanda chinensis Smith (Costaceae)–Nep: Betlaure; orally against fever, headache and (Linn.)DC. (Iridaceae); Nep– Loc: Chamong, Mirik, Dhajay, Nagri, bodyache. Tarware Phool; Loc: Sungma. Maneybhanjyang. 3. Anthogonium gracile Wall. ex Freshly collected rhizome is Juice of stem is orally taken in juvenile Lindl. (Orchidaceae)–Nep: Bhui administered orally in very small diabetes. sunakhari; Loc: Pokhria Bong, quantity (lesser than 1 mm long) in 13. Curcuma longa Linn. Sukhia Pokhri, Maneybhanjyang, case of stomachache. Same quantity (Zingiberaceae)–Nep: Hardi; Loc: Sonada, Takdah, Tung. is given orally as antidote to food Sungma, Dhajay, Nagri, Mirik. The paste is prepared from the poisoning which is called harital in Paste is prepared from rhizome rhizome and pseudobulb which is local language. Its oral administration powder along with lime in 1:1 ratio applied externally for curing bone causes diarrhoea, which eliminates and is applied on the fractured bones. fracture and dislocation. Bandage is the poisonous substances. Bandage is applied for 4-5 weeks but applied on the affected part and is 8. Berberis angulosa Wall. older paste is removed and new paste retained for 3-5 weeks but dressing (Berberidaceae)– Nep: Chutro; is applied at regular intervals of has to be changed in-between, at Loc: Maneybhanjyang, Lebong 4-5 days. regular intervals of 5-7 days. (Plate 1c). 14. Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. Pseudobulbs are crushed to prepare Mature stem is cut into small slices (Zingiberaceae)–Nep: Kalo paste which is used externally to cure and boiled for 30-40 min and this Haledo; Loc: Mirik, Dhajay. boil. juice is taken orally in blood Rhizomes are cut into small pieces 4. Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. dysentery. Same preparation is also and administered orally as antidote Clarke) Pamp. (Asteraceae)–Nep: taken orally in case of jaundice. to food poisoning (Harital). It is 538 Natural Product Radiance Explorer:Research Paper Roots are given orally against tonsillitis. 21. Eupatorium adenophorum Linn. (Asteraceae)– Nep: Kali Jhar, Banmara; Status: Abundant. Young leaves and shoots are given orally against dysentery. 22. Ficus clavata Wall. (Moraceae)–Nep: Lute Khaneu; Loc: Chamong, Sungma, Tung, Sonada. Plate 1: Natural habitat and medicinal plants of Darjeeling Himalaya: (a) Floristic diversity, (b) Artemisia nilagirica in Stem is debarked and full bloom, (c) Berberis angulosa in flowering condition, (d) Elsholtzia fruticosa, (e)Heracleum wallichii in latex is freshly fruiting stage, (f) Picrorhiza scrophulariaeflora in alpine pasture, (g) Rubia cordifolia collected which is applied externally on boils. also very effective against acute (Dioscoriaceae)–Nep: Rani 23. Girardinia palmata (Forsk) stomach pain and loss of appetite. Bhyagur; Loc: Sungma, Singee, Gaud. (Urticaceae)–Nep: Bhangre 15. Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Mirik, Taktah, Nagri, Dhajay. Sishnu; Loc: Somada, Sungma, (Poaceae)–Nep: Dobo; Loc: Nagri, Boiled rhizome is very fibrous thus Pokhriabong, Dhajay, Nagri. Singee, Dhajay, Mirik, Achalal. used as anthelmintic and wormifuge Young shoots and inflorescence are Juice is prepared from the freshly especially against tapeworm. consumed in case of hypertension. collected root, which is administered 19. Drymaria cordata (Linn.) 24. Gnaphalium affine D. Don orally in case of liver cirrhosis. Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (Asteraceae)–Pahelo Bukey 16. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) (Caryophyllaceae)–Nep: Abizal; Loc: Phool; Loc: Sungma, Maneybhanjyang, Soo (Orchidaceae)–Nep: Panch Sungma, Singee, Tung, Lebong, Lebong, Sukhia Pokhri, Nagri. Amle:
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