DOCSLIB.ORG

National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Economics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Economics FOUNDED IN 1837 National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Economics Nicholas J. Theocarakis Open access digital documents March 2021 Anticlassical Economists, Marginal Revolution and Neoclassical Economics: From Jeremy Bentham to Arthur C. Pigou Die Bourgeoisie hatte in Frankreich und England politische Macht erobert. Von da an gewann der Klassenkampf, praktisch und theoretisch, mehr und mehr ausgesprochne und drohende Formen. Er läutete die Totenglocke der wissenschaftlichen bürgerlichen Ökonomie. Es handelte sich jetzt nicht mehr darum, ob dies oder jenes Theorem wahr sei, sondern ob es dem Kapital nützlich oder schädlich, bequem oder unbequem, ob polizeiwidrig oder nicht. An die Stelle uneigennütziger Forschung trat bezahlte Klopffechterei, an die Stelle unbefangner wissenschaftlicher Untersuchung das böse Gewissen und die schlechte Absicht der Apologetik. Indes selbst die zudringlichen Traktätchen, welche die Anti-Corn-Law League, mit den Fabrikanten Cobden und Bright an der Spitze, in die Welt schleuderte, boten, wenn kein wissenschaftliches, doch ein historisches Interesse durch ihre Polemik gegen die grundeigentümliche Aristokratie. Auch diesen letzten Stachel zog die Freihandelsgesetzgebung seit Sir Robert Peel der Vulgärökonomie aus. Die kontinentale Revolution von 1848 schlug auch auf England zurück. Männer, die noch wissenschaftliche Bedeutung beanspruchten und mehr sein wollten als bloße Sophisten und Sykophanten der herrschenden Klassen, suchten die politische Ökonomie des Kapitals in Einklang zu setzen mit den jetzt nicht länger zu ignorierenden Ansprüchen des Proletariats. Daher ein geistloser Synkretismus, wie ihn John Stuart Mill am besten repräsentiert. Es ist eine Bankrotterklärung der "bürgerlichen" Ökonomie, welche der große russische Gelehrte und Kritiker N. Tschernyschewski in seinem Werk "Umrisse der politischen Ökonomie nach Mill" bereits meisterhaft beleuchtet hat. Nachwort zur zweiten Auflage (1873), Karl Marx, „Das Kapital“, Bd. I, S. 21, Karl Marx-Friedrich Engels Werke, Band 23, Dietz Verlag, Berlin (DDR) 1968 – 1 – Anticlassical economists in the classical period Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) The Works of Jeremy Bentham; published under the Superintendence of his Executor, John Bowring, (Edinburgh: William Tait, 1838-1843), 11 vols See in particular A Fragment on Government, (London: T. Payne, 1776), Works Vol. 1 A View of the Hard-Labour Bill; being an abstract of a pamphlet, intituled “Draught of a bill, to punish by imprisonment and hard-labour, certain offenders; and to establish proper places for their reception.” Interspersed with observations relative to the subject of the above draught in particular, and to penal jurisprudence in general, (London: T. Payne, 1778), Works Vol. 4 Defence of Usury; shewing the impolicy of the present legal restraints on the terms of pecuniary bargains in a series of letters to a friend; To which is added, a letter to Adam Smith, Esq., LL.D. on the discouragement of inventive industry, (London: T. Payne, 1787), Works Vol. 3 (4th ed., London: Payne and Foss, 1818) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (Printed 1780, Published London: T. Payne 1789), Works Vol. 1, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907) Panopticon or, the Inspection-House, containing the idea of a new principle of construction applicable to any sort of establishment, in which persons of any description are to be kept under inspections: and in particular to penitentiary houses, prisons, manufactories, houses of industry, mad-houses, work-houses, lazarettos, poor-houses, hospitals and schools; with a plan of management adapted to the principle, in a series of letters written in the Year 1787 from Crecheff in White Russia to a friend in England, (London: T. Payne, 1791) MDZ, Panopticon: Postscript; Part I; Containing further particulars and alterations relative to the plan of construction originally proposed (London: T. Payne, 1791), MDZ, Panopticon: Postscript; Part II; Containing a plan of management for a Panopticon Penitentiary-House, (London: T. Payne, 1791) Works Vol. 4 Supply without Burden; or Escheat vice Taxation: Being a proposal for a saving of taxes by an extension of the law of escheat, including strictures on the taxes on collateral succession comprised in the Budget of 7th December 1795; to which is prefixed, (Printed in 1793, and now first published), A Protest Against Law- Taxes, showing the peculiar mischievousness of all such impositions as add to the expense of appeal to justice, (London: J. Debrett, 1795), Works Vol. 2, Supply, Protest “Situation and Relief of the Poor”, Annals of Agriculture, and Other Useful Arts, vol. 29 (1797), no. 167, pp. 393-426 “Outline of a work entitled Pauper Management Improved”, Annals of Agriculture, and Other Useful Arts, vol. 30 (1798), pp. 89-176, 241-296, 393-424, 457-504, vol. 31 (1798), 33-64, 169-200, 273-288 , Reprint: Pauper management improved : particularly by means of an application of the panopticon principle of construction, ([London]: Sold by R. Baldwin, 1812), Works Vol. 8 – 2 – A Plan for Saving all Trouble and Expense in the Transfer of Stock and for enabling the proprietors to receive their dividends without powers of attorney, or attendance at the Bank of England, by the conversion of stock into note annuities, 1800 (privately printed), first published in 1839, in Works, Vol. 3 Observations on the Restrictive and Prohibitory Commercial System, especially with a reference to the decree of the Spanish Cortes of July 1820, from the MSS. of Jeremy Bentham Esq., by John Bowring (London: Effingham Wilson, 1821) Works Vol. 3 “Leading Principles of a Constitutional Code, for any State”, The Pamphleteer, vol. 22 (1823), no. 44, pp. 475-486 [1-12] Works Vol. 2 The Rationale of Reward, (London: John and H.L. Hunt, 1825), [The 2nd of three volumes published in French by Étienne Dumont in 1811 from Bentham’s manuscripts], Works Vol.2 Official Aptitude Maximized; Expense Minimized; as shewn in the several papers comprised in this volume, (London: Robert Heward, 1830), Works Vol. 5 A Manual of Political Economy: Now first edited from the MSS. of Jeremy Bentham, Works Vol. 3 French: [gallica] [Internet Archive] Panoptique. Mémoire sur un nouveau principe pour construire des maisons d'inspection et nommément des maisons de force ; Imprimé par ordre de l’Assemblée Nationale, (Paris ; Imprimerie Nationale, 1791) Esquisse d'un ouvrage en faveur des pauvres ... par Jérémie Bentham, publiée en français, par Ad. Duquesnoy (Paris : Imprimerie des Sourds-Muets, An X [1801 ou 1802]), Théorie des peines et des récompenses, par M. Jérémie Bentham... Rédigée en François, d'après les manuscrits, par M. Ét. Dumont, (Londres : B. Dulau & Co., 1811), tome 1er, tome 2nd Défense de l'usure, ou Lettres sur les inconvénients des lois qui fixent le taux de l'intérêt de l'argent, par Jérémie Bentham, traduit de l'anglais sur la 4e édition [par Saint-Amand Bazard], suivi d'un Mémoire sur les prêts d'argent, par Turgot ; et précédé d'une introduction contenant une dissertation sur le prêt à intérêt, (Paris : Mahler, 1828) Œuvres de J. Bentham, (Bruxelles : Louis Hauman & Cie, 1829-1830), Tome 1er, Traités de législation civile et pénale, tactique des assemblées législatives ; Tome 2nd, Théorie des peines et des récompenses, traité des preuves judiciaires ; Tome 3e, De l'organisation judiciaire, Essai sur la situation politique de l'Espagne, Défense de l'usure, Essai sur la nomenclature et la classification des principales branches d'art-et-science Déontologie, ou Science de la morale. Ouvrage posthume de Jérémie Bentham ; revu, mis en ordre et publié par John Bowring ; trad. sur le ms. par Benjamin Laroche, (Paris : Charpentier, 1834), tome I, tome II German: Vertheidigung des Wuchers, worin die Unzuträglichkeit der gegenwärtigen gesetzlichen Einschränkungen der Bedingungen beim Geldverkehr bewiesen wird: In einer Reihe von Briefen an einen Freund. Nebst einem Briefe an D. Adam Smith Esq. über die Hindernisse, die durch die obengenannten Einschränkungen dem Fortgange der Industrie in den Weg gelegt werden, Deutsch herausgegeben von Johann August Eberhard (Halle: Johann Jacob Gebauer, 1788) Tactik oder Theorie des Geschäftsganges in deliberirenden Volksstände- – 3 – versammlungen, von Jeremias Bentham. Nach dessen hinterlassenen Papieren bearbeitet von Étienne Dumont, (Erlangen: J. J. Palm und Ernst Enke, 1817) Grundsätze der Civil- und Criminal-Gesetzgebung, aus den Handschriften des englischen Rechtsgelehrten Jeremias Bentham, herausgegeben von Étienne Dumont... Nach der zweiten...Auflage bearbeitet und mit Anmerkungen von Dr. Friedrich Eduard Beneke, (Berlin: C. Fr. Amelang, 1830) Erster Band, Zweiter Band Principien der Gesezgebung [sic], herausgegeben von Étienne Dumont. Nach der neuesten Auflage übersetzt, (Köln: Heinrich August Arend, 1833) Theorie des gerichtlichen Beweises, aus dem Französischen von Étienne Dumont, (Berlin: C. G. Ende, 1838) Modern Greek: Περὶ νομοθεσίας ἰδιωτικῆς καὶ ποινικῆς: σύγγραμμα εἰς γλῶσσαν γαλλικὴν συνταχθὲν ἐκ τῶν χειρογράφων τοῦ Κ. Ἰερεμίου Βενθάμου, Ἄγγλου Νομοδιδασκάλου, παρὰ τοῦ Κ. Στεφ. Δυμόντου, μεταφρασθὲν δὲ ὑπὸ Γεωργίου Ὰθανασίου (Ἐν Αἰγίνῃ: Ὲκ τῆς τυπογραφίας Ἀνδρέου Κορομηλᾶ, 1834) Τόμος πρῶτος, (Ἐν Ἀθήναις: Ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Ἠλία Χριστοφίδου τυπογραφίας (Ἡ Ὰγαθὴ τύχη), 1842) Τόμος δεύτερος Βεκκαρίου περὶ ἀδικημάτων καὶ ποινῶν μεταφρασμένον ἀπὸ τὴν ἰταλικὴν γλῶσσαν, Δευτέρα ἔκδοσις, διορθωμένη καὶ αὐξημένη μὲ σημειώσεις καὶ πίνακα στοιχειακὸν, εἰς τὴν ὁποίαν προσετέθη καὶ ἡ πρὸς, τὸν μεταφραστὴν
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Newsletter July 2018
    Royal Economic Society Issue no. 182 Newsletter July 2018 ‘Go west (or east), young woman!’ Features Since the last Newsletter, much has been made in the print and broadcast media of the gender pay gap. Sadly, the latest Conference report p.3 Inomics Salary Report confirms that women economists are likely, as a general rule, to be paid less than their male coun- Inomics 2018 Salary Report p.8 terparts. This applies in both academia and the private sector. Like all general rules, however, this one has its exceptions. The Bank of England’s One Bank Report shows that female economists in senior academic posi- research agenda: update p.10 tions earn more than men in the region described as ‘Australia and Oceania’ — the difference is about nine per cent. For RES Strategy, 2018-23 p.13 female economists in the private sector, however, North Doing Economics p.16 America is the place to be. Here, senior level female econo- mists typically earn the same as or slightly more than their Women in the early days of the RES p.19 male equivalents. Elsewhere the conventional gap remains, The 50th History of though the data suggests that it may be very slowly closing. Economic Thought Conference p.22 Whatever the reason for the persistent gap may be, it cannot be that women have come late to the economics party. Ian Preston’s article shows that a number of women were very active in the founding of the British Economic Association, Comment the forerunner of the Royal Economic Society. The history Taxation, socialism and social justice p.23 theme is continued with Richard van den Berg’s account of the founding of the History of Economic Thought Conference.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of Intangible Capital
    JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 285 Olli Turunen The Emergence of Intangible Capital Human, Social, and Intellectual Capital in Nineteenth Century British, French, and German Economic Thought JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 285 Olli Turunen The Emergence of Intangible Capital Human, Social, and Intellectual Capital in Nineteenth Century British, French, and German Economic Thought Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston vanhassa juhlasalissa S212 huhtikuun 22. päivänä 2016 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Seminarium, auditorium S212, on April 22, 2016 at 12 o’clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2016 The Emergence of Intangible Capital Human, Social, and Intellectual Capital in Nineteenth Century British, French, and German Economic Thought JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 285 Olli Turunen The Emergence of Intangible Capital Human, Social, and Intellectual Capital in Nineteenth Century British, French, and German Economic Thought UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2016 Editors Ilkka Nummela Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Ville Korkiakangas Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities Editorial Board Editor in Chief Heikki Hanka, Department of Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Petri Karonen, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Paula
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Origins and Development of Economic Rationalism by Major Donald K
    Historical Origins and Development of Economic Rationalism By Major Donald K. Gates Macquarie University and Professor Peter Steane Southern Cross University Emails: [email protected] - [email protected] Keywords: Economic rationalism, neoclassical economics, classical economics, Keynesian economics, Mercantilism, liberalism or libertarianism Category: Paradigm Shift, Changing Environment, Future Perspectives, Historical view, Technology Intervention, Emerging Trends Introduction “[Economic rationalism’s] generative axiom is that the free market should determine all economic transactions”. Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek and most modern academic economists have supported the recent Australian terminological position known as ‘Economic Rationalism’ (Carroll, 1992, pp. 7 - 9). The use of `rationality’ in economic policy and practice implies a belief that economic decision-making needs to be ‘rational’ but this does not mean what many people assume viz. “sane, sensible, not foolish, absurd or extreme”. This paper traces the development of economic theory up till ‘economic rationalism’ became a household name. At each developmental stage factors leading to changes in economic theory are examined and leading protagonists and antagonists identified. Economic systems such as Mercantilism, classical economics, marginalism and neoclassical economics are embraced. The advance of neoclassical liberalism was subjected to strong pressure during the Great Depression and the Second World War and this led to reliance on macroeconomic theory as explained by John Maynard Keynes. An economic time line has been developed and placed in the appendix of the full paper. Early Economists and Economic Theory A student of Socrates, Xenophon (c431BC), is regarded as the first Greek economist (Hunter, 1996, p. 185, Pomeroy, 1994, pp. 42, 46).
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
    The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism Augustus was sensible that mankind is governed by names; nor was he deceived in his expectation, that the senate and people would submit to slavery, provided they were respectfully assured, that they still enjoyed their ancient freedom. —Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism Editor-in-Chief Ronald Hamowy Professor Emeritus of History, University of Alberta Assistant Editors Jason Kuznicki Research Fellow, Cato Institute Aaron Steelman Director of Research Publications, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Consulting Editor Deirdre McCloskey Professor of Economics, University of Illinois, Chicago Founding and Consulting Editor Jeffrey D. Schultz A project of the Cato Institute Copyright © 2008 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The encyclopedia of libertarianism / editor Ronald Hamowy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4 (cloth) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Journal KEYNES and the BRITISH ACADEMY
    The Historical Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS Additional services for The Historical Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here KEYNES AND THE BRITISH ACADEMY DONALD WINCH The Historical Journal / Volume 57 / Issue 03 / September 2014, pp 751 - 771 DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X14000247, Published online: 14 August 2014 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0018246X14000247 How to cite this article: DONALD WINCH (2014). KEYNES AND THE BRITISH ACADEMY. The Historical Journal, 57, pp 751-771 doi:10.1017/S0018246X14000247 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS, IP address: 138.251.162.251 on 18 Sep 2014 The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – © Cambridge University Press doi:./SX KEYNES AND THE BRITISH ACADEMY* DONALD WINCH Sussex Centre for Intellectual History and St Andrews University ABSTRACT. This account of Keynes’s relationship with the British Academy begins with his early, perhaps premature, nomination as a Fellow and its sequel, an initial rejection by the Academy on political grounds in . The event became linked with the failure of his professorial colleague at Cambridge, Arthur Cecil Pigou, to be elected until on grounds that Keynes regarded as equally discreditable to the Academy. It was certainly one of the less edifying examples of Cambridge in- fighting. But having relented in his original decision not to allow his name to be put forward again Keynes was elected in . The article deals with Keynes’s subsequent participation in the affairs of the Academy, especially his part in nominating Beatrice Webb, the first woman to be elected to the Academy in ; and his contrasting failure to secure the election of Joan Robinson in the s.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Civil Servants at the Board of Trade and the Factory Inspectorate, 1893-1919
    Wheeldon, Christine Elizabeth. MPhil/PhD. Goldsmiths College, University of London. Title: ‘Pioneers in the Corridors of Power’: Women Civil Servants at the Board of Trade and the Factory Inspectorate, 1893-1919. June 2014 1 Acknowledgements. This study developed from the discovery of Clara Collet’s work, whilst reading Jane Miller’s ‘Seductions’. I thank her for that inspiration. Early retirement from my teaching position allowed me to return to academic study and I am profoundly grateful to my supervisor, Sally Alexander for all the help and support she has provided throughout the preparation of this thesis. I am forever in her debt. For their generous support and encouragement, I should like to thank my colleagues, Imogen Lee and Kate Murphy; long discussions in the British Library were invaluable motivational factors. I should also like the staff at the Women’s Library and the British Library and in particular, Carole Jones, archivist at the Modern Records Library, University of Warwick, for her tireless photocopying of the Collet and Streatfeild papers, which made life so much easier for a partially sighted student. I should like to thank my sister, Gillian Wilson, for her expertise as a proof reader, and the rest of my family; children and grandchildren, for their superb listening skills. A special mention goes to Roger, whose endless support and patience was priceless. Finally, I should like to thank the women of this study, whose memoirs and diaries provided much of the material for the thesis. 2 Abstract. In the early 1890s university educated women who were considered experts on women’s issues were appointed to the Home Office and the Board of Trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Keynes and Say's
    On Essays in Biography by Keynes by Richard J. Kent* Professor of Economics Kent State University Kent, OH 44242 330-672-1084 email: [email protected] fax: 330-672-9808 Revised, April 2009 * I would like to thank Dr. Patricia McGuire, Archivist, King‟s College Library, Cambridge University, for assistance concerning the Keynes Papers. I would also like to thank two anonymous referees for helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. On Essays in Biography by Keynes I. Introduction Keynes was an excellent writer. Some of his best writing is in his biographical sketches and essays. Keynes devoted a lot of his time and effort on biographical writings, both as an author and as editor of the Economic Journal. There are forty-three essays by Keynes in the Collected Writings version of Essays in Biography. In addition there are two obituaries by Keynes in the Economic Journal which were inadvertently omitted from Essays in Biography.1 Both of these, obituaries of Andrew Andréadès (Economic Journal, September 1935, pp. 597-9) and Leonard Darwin (Economic Journal, December 1943, pp. 438-9), are published in volume XXX of Keynes‟s Collected Writings. There were over one hundred and forty obituaries published in the Economic Journal while Keynes was editor. In this paper Keynes as a writer and editor of biographical sketches and essays is discussed and analyzed. In his review of Volume X of the Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, Essays in Biography, Robbins wrote that it contains “the entire corpus of Keynes‟s biographical writings.” (Robbins 1973, p.
    [Show full text]