The Wild Cascades The Journal of the Conservation Council Winter 2014

In Memoriam

Philip Zalesky  Patrick Goldsworthy

Pages 12-21

visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  1 The North Cascades Conservation Council was THE WILD CASCADES  Winter 2014 formed in 1957 “To protect and preserve the North Cascades’ scenic, In This Issue scientific, recreational, educational, and wilderness values.” Continuing 3 President’s report — Karl Forsgaard this mission, NCCC keeps government 4 Muckleshoot Indian Tribe buys White River lands officials, environmental organiza- 5 County hearings on Granite Falls Motocross Park tions, and the general public informed NCCC website helps members spread the word about issues affecting the Greater No action yet on Alpine Lakes bill North Cascades . Action is 6 “Wild Wallace” NRCA proposed — Rick McGuire pursued through administrative, legal, 8 Coalition cautions Interior about funding Yakima Plan and public participation channels to 9 Bad legislation on off-road vehicles and public lands in — protect the lands, waters, plants and Karl Forsgaard wildlife. 10 From retreat to remediation: changes at Holden Village and in habitat Over the past half century NCCC — Anne Basye has led or participated in campaigns 12 In Memoriam: Patrick Goldsworthy to create the North Cascades National 12 Patrick Goldsworthy: An appreciation — Joel Connelly Park Complex, Peak Wilder- 13 Excerpts from a Sierra Club resolution honoring Patrick Goldsworthy ness, and other units of the National 14 to specialize in something — Thom Schroeder Wilderness System from the W.O. 15 listed and answering his own phone — Brock Evans Douglas Wilderness north to the 20 “I’ll make the maps” — Phil Fenner , the Henry M. 21 remembering the Blue Bomb — Dave Fluharty Jackson Wilderness, the Chelan-Saw- 16 In Memoriam: Philip Zalesky tooth Wilderness, the Wild Sky Wil- 16 Farewell to a giant of wilderness preservation — Julie Muhlstein derness and others. Among its most 18 Philip Zalesky: Another conservation leader passes — Joel Connelly dramatic victories has been working Phil and Laura Zalesky, conservation education supporters — Pilchuck with British Columbia allies to block Audubon newsletter the raising of Ross Dam, which would 19 remembering “Mr. Zalesky” — Rick McGuire have drowned Big Beaver Valley. 21 Conservationists, Park staff remember Phil Zalesky and Pat Goldsworthy NCCC is supported by member dues 23 Dale Jones, former NCCC board member dies and private donations. These contri- Membership application butions support the full range of the Council’s activities, including publica- COVER: Wallace Falls, a scenic highlight of the Stevens Pass Highway. —Mike tion of The Wild Cascades. As a 501(c) Town photo (3) organization, all contributions are fully tax deductible to the extent The Wild Cascades allowed by law. Membership dues for one year are: Living Lightly/Student Journal of the North Cascades Conservation Council $10; Individual $30; Family $50; Sus- Editor: Anne Basye taining $100. Editor emeritus: Betty Manning North Cascades Editorial Board: Philip Fenner, Anders Forsgaard, Conservation Council Tom Hammond, and Rick McGuire P.O. Box 95980 Printing by Abracadabra Printing | Pat Hutson, Designer University Station The Wild Cascades is published three times a year (Winter, Spring, Summer/Fall). Seattle, WA 98145-2980 Letters, comments, and articles are invited, subject to editorial review. NCCC Website The Wild Cascades Editor www.northcascades.org [email protected] North Cascades Conservation Council PO Box 95980, University Station, Seattle, WA 98145-2980 The Wild Cascades is printed on recycled paper.

2  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 NCCC Board president Karl Forsgaard vice president Founded in 1957 Tom Hammond SEATTLE, WASHINGTON treasurer Tom Brucker assistant treasurer Athena Pangan Hammond The President’s Report Winter 2014 secretary Patrick Goldsworthy and Phil Zalesky were two of the co-founders of the Marc Bardsley North Cascades Conservation Council in 1957, and they served on the NCCC Board of Directors for more than 56 years. They both passed away in October 2013. As you can imagine, the sheer length of their service makes us think of other board members Pat and Phil as ideal illustrations of long-term commitment and dedication to a cause. Bruce Barnbaum NCCC was formed to protect and preserve the North Cascades. One of our early goals was to get a Park created, but a lot of unprotected wild land re- Polly Dyer mained outside that Park. For more than half a century, Pat and Phil were actively engaged in NCCC’s campaign to create the Park and Wilderness areas Charles Ehlert listed in our organizational description on the opposite page. Philip Fenner In addition to serving on NCCC’s board, Pat and Phil also took on the added burden and responsibility of serving as officers of NCCC for almost the whole 56 Dave Fluharty years they were on the Board. Phil was the first President of NCCC. Pat had be- come President by the time Congress created the Park and the Recreation Areas, Anders Forsgaard and that’s reflected in the photo of Pat shaking hands with Lyndon Johnson (see back cover of this issue). Kevin Geraghty Pat later served as NCCC’s Chairman and Phil as Corporate Secretary for many Ed Henderson years. That’s a lot of Board meetings to attend, a lot of Board minutes to write, a lot of corporate governance work, a lot of organizational decision-making, in ad- Fayette Krause dition to all of the advocacy work they were doing in the public arena and out in the woods. Pat also distributed this magazine to our members after the printers Dave LeBlanc had printed it. Pat and Phil did all of that, and they did it for an exceptionally long time. By Betty Manning doing so, they served as a valuable part of NCCC’s institutional memory, helping to keep NCCC relevant and effective, to make this organization an enduring in- Carolyn McConnell stitution and a long-lasting contributor to conservation efforts in the Northwest. Rick McGuire We are grateful to Pat and Phil for their dedicated service. When we think about all the advocacy work of Pat and Phil, it’s worth re- Thom Peters membering that they were doing it for more than a decade before the country enacted our main environmental laws – laws protecting clean air, clean water, Thom Schroeder endangered species and environmental values in governmental decision-making. As we’ve heard many times, our victories are temporary, and our losses are Laura Zalesky permanent. Park and wilderness boundaries and environmental protection laws don’t operate in a vacuum – they won’t work unless people are vigilantly paying attention to what’s happening on the ground and in the community, people who are willing to do something to protect those lands and enforce those laws. Through their dedication to NCCC, Pat and Phil served the community’s need for long-term follow-through and institutional memory. We’re grateful to their families for letting Pat and Phil dedicate so much of their lives to our organiza- tion.

Karl F. Forsgaard visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  3 Muckleshoot Indian Tribe buys White River lands

The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, which are excellent reasons why large-scale It remains to be seen whether tim- runs a giant gambling casino in Auburn, gambling has been illegal through most berland values will continue to soar, or Washington, has purchased 86,501 acres of American history. It produces nothing whether the Muckleshoots have top-ticked of the “White River Forest” from Hancock of value and cannibalizes economies by the market. Inflated timberland prices Natural Resource Group. Hancock had acting as a gigantic tax on those who can make it harder to acquire lands which purchased the lands north of Mt. Rainier least afford it. Casino operators, some of many would like to see in public owner- and along both sides of Highway 410 from them anyway, pocket the winnings while ship. Hancock still owns about 90,000 Weyerhaeuser in 2002. society as a whole pays the costs. acres in the “Snoqualmie Tree Farm” The Muckleshoots are apparently look- The White River sale is notable from a directly east of Seattle. ing to diversify their income away from conservation perspective because of the The Muckleshoots say they will use the overreliance on casino revenues. One of breathtaking $282 million sum paid, al- land for “long-term sustainable timber the first to open in Washington, the Muck- most $3300 dollars per acre for the heavily harvest, while preserving natural values...” leshoot casino is reportedly one of the cutover lands. Some economic observers Both Weyerhaeuser and Hancock managed most lucrative. Many other tribes followed believe that a bubble has formed in tim- the lands for maximum revenue produc- with casinos of their own, but there are berland values. With the Federal Reserve tion, so it is hard to see how Muckleshoot limits even to the admittedly enormous printing vast amounts of dollars, and real management could be any worse. Hope- numbers of math-challenged people out interest rates at zero or below, immense fully the more conservation-oriented there who can be parted from their mon- flows of funds have inflated the stock elements within the tribe will make their ey. Many tribal casinos have huge debt bur- market and are now pouring into other voices heard and the newly acquired (or dens, and some believe that the market, assets, including timberland, often seen as “re-acquired”) lands will be treated more such as it is, is saturated, with Las Vegas a “hard asset.” gently than they were by their previous investors taking most of the profits. There owners.

Middle Fork Snoqualmie road work finally begins unceasing efforts by volunteer activists to coax and cajole a reluctant Forest Service in the upper valley, things have gradually changed. Concerted efforts have con- solidated public ownership, driven out troublemakers, and most critically, closed and cleaned up the filthy, disgusting dead- end spur roads that attracted so much nas- tiness. The worry now is that without the filter of the bad road, use will skyrocket to overwhelming levels. Although new trails and facilities are planned, it is feared that they just won’t be anything near adequate to serve the number of visitors who may turn up. The paving project is thus viewed with more than a little trepidation by NCCC. Twenty years ago, anything seemed prefer- able to the relentless gunfire and general chaos that gave the valley a well-deserved reputation as a place to avoid. Now the After more than twenty years of hearing wild shooting, shot-up cars and every worry is that the valley will be loved to how it was almost ready to happen, the other kind of vice. The thinking was that death. Whatever happens, that old Middle Federal Highways Administration project paving the road would allow easier ac- Fork will soon be well and truly gone. to pave the lower 11 miles of the Middle cess for law enforcement and encourage Let’s hope the new Middle Fork won’t get Fork Snoqualmie road looks set to actu- “good” use of the valley in order to help to the point where, as Yogi Berra said, ally, finally begin, with the $20 million- drive out the “bad.” “nobody goes there anymore. It’s too odd project now put out for bids. Twenty years on, today’s Middle Fork crowded.” The project got its start back in the “bad is a far different place than it was then. Middle Fork and old days” of the crime-ridden Middle Fork, Thanks to an active, conservation-oriented Mt. Garfield. —Karl Forsgaard a place infamous for garbage dumping, DNR managing the lower valley and photo

4  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 County hearings NCCC website helps members on Granite Falls spread the word Motocross Park

The proposed Granite Falls Motocross Park located on the Mountain Loop Highway four miles east of Granite Falls went before a Snohomish County hearing examiner for five days in February. The proposal calls for the construction of six motocross practice and racing tracks on 80 acres of land within privately owned forested land of 437 acres. The site sits atop a County-mapped “crit- ical aquifer recharge area”, yet drainage and water usage are major issues that were not adequately addressed by the applicant or the County. It is likely that noise from the site could be heard for miles up the Valley, and on the hike to the top of nearby Mt. Pilchuck. Traffic could be tied up for hours, particularly for The new NCCC website now making a gallery, email [email protected].) larger weekend racing events, both local its debut looks clean and contemporary, This section also contains many maps of and regional, obstructing other recreation- navigates like a dream, and offers rich the North Cascades, including one that ists from reaching the other recreational updated content on the “how and why” of compares the Ross Lake shoreline today destinations along the Mountain Loop NCCC’s work. to the shoreline of the larger Ross Lake Highway. You’ll find new sections on recent and that would have resulted if NCCC had not prevented the High Ross Dam from being Traffic counts today indicate that emerging strategic emphases: the Yakima raised. “From the Archives,” NCCC’s attic, 400,000 people annually are drawn to the Plan, American Alps, and Sustainable is brimming with fascinating photos and Mountain Loop Highway for hiking, kayak- Roads. Sections explaining our long-time documents that narrate decades of conser- ing, birdwatching, mountain climbing, strategic emphases—Re-Wilding the Cas- vation efforts. photographing, and many other recre- cades, Forest and Watershed, and Wilder- ational activities that have made it a prime ness—have been updated. Throw in a downloadable membership recreational destination and tourist attrac- Under “About Us” is “Our Story”, a suc- brochure you can print, post and distrib- tion in the County (perhaps surpassing cinct history of NCCC and its work, as well ute, and the new site contains everything the Boeing Museum of Flight in Everett). as an In Memoriam section with bios of you need to reinforce NCCC’s commit- ment to the North Cascades by recruiting The Mountain Loop Conservancy, late members. new members! North Cascades Conservation Council and The “More” tab takes you to a new sec- Pilchuck Audubon Society appealed the tion on mining issues that have threat- Many thanks to Phil Fenner for shap- County’s mitigated determination of non- ened or continue to threaten the greater ing the site and to Ed Henderson, Rick significance for the project, which would North Cascades ecosystem. Here as well McGuire and other Board members for allow the project to go forward without is a photo album, “Images of the North editing and updates. We would enjoy hear- an environmental impact statement. The Cascades,” comprised of galleries of work ing your impressions – as well as any ideas coalition retained the Bricklin & Newman by various photographers. (Member-pho- you have for future improvements – at law firm for the appeal. As we went to tographers, if you are interested in having [email protected]. press, the hearings were about to con- clude, to be followed by a round of brief- ing before the hearing examiner issues his decision. For additional information about the project, please go to: www.mtloopconservancy.org/No%20Mo- No action yet on Alpine Lakes bill tocross/resources/NoMotocrossNarrative. Despite a hearing in 2013 on the Middle Fork Snoqualmie as Wild and Sce- htm. Reichert/DelBene bill to add 22,000 acres nic, has strong bipartisan support and has For those wishing to donate to the legal to the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, there has passed the Senate thanks to Senator Patty effort, please write a check to Mountain been no further action from the House Murray’s efforts. It is hoped that House Loop Conservancy, and send it to P.O. Box Resources Committee. The bill, which Resources Committee chair Doc Hastings 300, Granite Falls, WA 98252. would protect the lowland forests of the will allow the bill to move forward some- valley and designate part of the time in 2014. visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  5 “Wild Wallace” NRCA Proposed by Rick McGuire

Marked tree in timber-cutting unit immediately above site of new Snohomish County trailhead for Wallace Falls and Reiter Forest (visible behind.) —Karl Forsgaard photo

lands east of the falls, which will provide alternate access and hopefully relieve some of the overcrowding. Recently an ALPS-NCCC-Sierra Club volunteer work party put in many person-hours working at the new trailhead, in full-on, driving rain. The planned Singletary timber sale is located on the slopes immediately above the new trailhead. If it goes ahead, hikers will walk through clearcuts, not mature forests, to the falls. Although hiking and forestry are compatible in many places, Wallace Falls is the premier hiking destina- tion in the Skykomish valley, and perhaps all of Snohomish County. Its popularity allace Falls, one of the in recent years. The slopes surrounding will only grow in years ahead. It is not the scenic highlights of the Wallace Falls, especially to the east of it, right place to be putting clearcuts. Stevens Pass Highway, remain carpeted in unbroken green. If the The slopes east of Wallace Falls State Route 2, is under threat Singletary timber sale goes ahead, the falls Park, between Wallace River and May from the “Singletary” will instead be framed by clearcuts, and Creek, are among the last remaining timber sale planned for state Department the most critical component in building W “virgin second-growth” lowland forests in of Natural Resources (DNR) lands immedi- the Stevens Pass Greenway will be lost. Snohomish County. Just about all of the ately to the east of . Wallace Falls is also a tremendous lowlands of western Snohomish County NCCC and other conservation groups are recreational draw. Any hiker seeing the asking DNR to reconsider the sale and falls from the highway will immediately examine the possibility of establishing want to get closer to them. Very many do, a Natural Resource Conservation Area and the trails in Wallace Falls State Park (NRCA) there. leading to the falls and Wallace Lake are The white curtain of Wallace Falls is an among the most heavily used in the state. eye-catching spectacle from Highway 2 in Although there are many trails higher up the Gold Bar area. Framed by unbroken in the Skykomish watershed on the Mt. mature second-growth forests, it has been Baker Snoqualmie National Forest, almost called one of the iconic sights of Snohom- all of them are at higher elevations and ish County. As such, it is a critical part of under most of the year. Wallace Falls the nascent “Stevens Pass Greenway.” Pro- offers just about the only four-season hik- ponents of the Greenway have for many ing opportunity in the Skykomish valley. years hoped to emulate along Highway 2 Because of its low elevation and southwest some of the success which the Mountains exposure, it seldom sees much snow. If to Sound Greenway has enjoyed farther there is snow at Wallace Falls there is snow south in preserving viewscapes along in Seattle too. Interstate 90 across Snoqualmie Pass and The facilities at Wallace Falls State Park west of it. are overwhelmed by the sheer numbers of Although the mountain landscapes people drawn by the attractions there. The along Route 2 are much more dramatic trailhead parking lot is full by 9 a.m. just than those along I-90, at present the Ste- about every weekend and many weekdays. vens Pass Greenway consists of little more Parked cars often line the approach road than a couple of signs along the highway. for close to a mile, creating problems for Apart from the area close to the pass, neighbors. Snohomish County has pur- Wallace Falls, a scenic highlight of most of the forested slopes visible from chased land for a new trailhead, and new the Stevens Pass Highway. —Mike the highway have been roaded and cut trails are planned for DNR “Reiter Forest” Town photo

6  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 This is what greets those out to hike Wallace Falls on a nice weekend day. —Mike Town photo have been roaded over the last two de- cades, and “second wave” clearcutting has taken most of the trees. The forests east of Wallace Falls have been untouched for 90 years, since the old growth was cut in the 1920s. They were never replanted, and re- grew naturally with a diverse mix of native species. Much of the area is below 1000 feet, with some of it below 500 feet. Creat- ing a Natural Resource Conservation Area for the area between Wallace River and May Creek is last opportunity to preserve such an extent of high quality, low-eleva- tion forest in Snohomish County. Conservationists, including NCCC, are asking DNR to look at the possibility of a Natural Resource Conservation Area for the area between Wallace River and May Creek. It is the last opportunity to preserve such an extent of high quality, low-elevation forest in Snohomish County. An NRCA would be positioned between Wallace Falls State Park to the west, and the to the north and northeast. It would serve as a bridge between Wild Sky and the State Park, allowing the three together to function as more than the sum of their individual parts. A similar pairing of protected areas on contiguous state and Federal lands in the Middle Fork Snoqualmie valley (NRCA on state DNR land and pending Wilder- ness on National Forest land) has worked Above: Wallace Falls very well. area. Map by Philip A “Wild Wallace” NRCA would lay the Fenner (using Patrick foundation for a Stevens Pass Greenway Goldsworthy’s tools). by protecting one of its most splendid views. It would allow for a second, very attractive hiking route to Wallace Falls and Right: Volunteers from other nearby attractions. And it would fill NCCC, Alpine Lakes in a missing link by connecting Wild Sky Protection Society, to lowland forests in both an NRCA and and the Sierra Club Wallace Falls State Park. It would also give worked with DNR on some much-needed and well-deserved the new trailhead conservation attention to the Skykomish during a work party in valley, which has received very little com- November 2013. —Karl pared to areas farther south, along I-90. Forsgaard photo visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  7 January 22, 2014

The Honorable Sally Jewell Secretary of Interior Coalition cautions Interior Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, N.W. about funding Yakima Plan Washington DC 20240

Dear Secretary Jewell:

We strongly urge that the President’s FY 2014 and FY2015 budgets not provide funds for the controver- sial Bureau of Reclamation’s Yakima “Integrated” Plan water storage projects for the following reasons: • The Bureau of Reclamation issued a Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (FPEIS) that did not provide a range of alternatives (other than the required no-action alternative). The President’s budget should not fund a plan that does not provide a range of alternatives for decisionmakers. • The Bureau of Reclamation is in the process of scoping the Cle Elem Pool Raise, K-to-K conveyance, and Kachess Inactive Storage elements of the plan. Draft EISs will not be released until Summer of 2014. The President’s budget should not fund a plan while EISs have not been completed. • In 2013, the Washington State Legislature passed ESSB 5035, which includes Sec. 5035 requiring a benefit-cost analysis of the individual elements of Yakima Plan. This analysis is to be completed by December 15, 2014. The President’s budget should not fund a plan while benefit-cost analysis informa- tion has not been provided. • The Yakima Plan includes proposals for two new massive irrigation storage dams, a new dam on the Bumping River that would destroy ancient forests and endangered species Critical Habitat designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on lands of the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, and a Wymer Dam between Ellensburg and Yakima that the Bureau of Reclamation found in 2008 would have a benefit/cost ratio of 0.31 and flood greater sage-grouse habitat. • The Bureau of Reclamation prepared the Yakima Plan using a Workgroup of their own selection and of which they were a member and co-chair, in violation of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. In addition, the day after the close of comments on the Draft Programmatic EIS, Bureau of Reclamation added a proposal for two National Recreation Areas within the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, which included 46,000 acres for backcountry motorized recreation (motorcycles, ATVs and 4x4s on trails, and snowmobiles cross-country). The President’s budget should not fund a plan that contains this contro- versial proposal. See: http://washington.sierraclub.org/uppercol/ucr/yakima/media/Entries/2013/2/15_The_Other_Side_ of_the_Story__Yakima_Water_Plan_1.html

Thank you.

Sincerely, Alpine Lakes Protection Society cc: the Honorable El Sendero Backcountry Ski and Snowshoe Club the Honorable Marie Cantwell Endangered Species Coalition the Honorable Jay Inslee Friends of Bumping Lake Kittitas Audubon Society Middle Fork Outdoor Recreation Coalition (MidFORC) North Cascades Conservation Council Olympic Forest Coalition Similar letters were sent to: Western Watersheds project Sally Ericsson, Associate Director for Natural Western Lands Project Resources, Energy and Science; and Nancy Sutley, Chair, Council on Environmental Quality

8  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 Bad legislation on off-road vehicles and public lands in Washington by Karl Forsgaard

s 2014 began, three horrible 2151 also would have required that the permissible standard” because the “Reiter bills were introduced in the land managing agencies “must give defer- landscape is proving to be the $110,000 Washington State Legislature ence to the teams’ construction recom- per mile standard for 74 future recreation that threatened to wreak mendations.” By forcing new trail projects sites statewide.” This apparently refers to havoc on our public lands, in- to accommodate all users, the bill would 74 sites in State Forests managed by DNR cludingA one that would transfer all federal have made it harder to create non-mo- that will undergo recreation planning in land to the state. Fortunately, the worst torized trails for hikers, equestrians and upcoming years. Mr. Jackson also wrote ideas did not make it out of committee, mountain bikers. that “Gravelling all our [ORV] trails is but they bear watching in future legisla- The bill also would have required that proving to be cost prohibitive and logisti- tive sessions. And if the Trails Act passes, an agency “must also give priority use for cally expensive to deliver.” In other words, the state will conduct a process to draft a recreational trail development on any for- making a “sustainable” ORV trail system statewide trail policy, and the conservation mer mining site located on land managed seemed like a good idea in 2009, but on community will need to engage in that by the agency.” second thought, ORV advocates want to process to prevent bad outcomes pursued HB 2151 would have required land man- get rid of the “sustainability” part. by the authors of the original bills. agers to allow “organized group events DNR has elsewhere indicated that it is The Washington Trails Act and competitions on the trails.” These proud of the Reiter precedent and does competitive race events would conflict not want to undermine it. DNR consulted HB 2151, “Concerning recreational with quiet recreation (such as hikers and the State Department of Ecology on HB trails,” is commonly called the Trails Act. equestrians seeking peace and quiet) and 2151 due to the bill’s Clean Water Act As originally introduced by Representa- would generate sanitary and water quality implications. tives Brian Blake and Larry Seaquist, this problems. HB 2151 would have applied not only to bill would have seriously harmed non- As originally written, this bill obvi- trails on State Forests managed by DNR; motorized, quiet recreation on the trails of ously would have created all kinds of new it also would have applied to State Parks, our State lands. conflicts. Yet the bill audaciously (and and to Washington Department of Fish The bill would have exempted trail absurdly) began with a legislative finding and Wildlife (WDFW)-managed wildlife construction projects from County, City “that these goals can be met by removing lands such as L.T. Murray, Wenas and and other local government regulations, local control over standards, recognizing Colockum. ordinances and policies that protect the trails as the temporary structures they are After NCCC alerted the community to environment, including Critical Areas and thereby eliminating public contro- the above concerns, and after the initial designated by Counties under the Growth versy and user conflicts.” The courts have hearing on HB 2151, a Substitute Bill Management Act. It would have required explained that trail user conflicts affect deleted all of the above problems, includ- agencies to consider a trail to be a “tempo- the quality of the user experience and in- ing the sections nullifying County and rary” use of the land, apparently seeking clude the impairment of enjoyment, such City ordinances, and the Substitute Bill to eliminate the need for construction as when those seeking peace and quiet are passed the House. The Engrossed Substi- permits for trails – including trails for driven away by machines that make loud tute House Bill (EHSB 2151) applies only motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) noise. HB 2151’s authors said that if it were to lands managed by DNR, and it requires and 4x4s (jeeps). It is absurd to call trails enacted into law, user conflict would cease DNR to conduct a public process to de- “temporary” (and thus not subject to con- to exist; in other words, hikers and horses velop a statewide recreational trail policy struction permits) because in fact they are would never again be annoyed by loud for those lands. If EHSB 2151 passes, the not temporary, but rather they are the old- noises – rather, they would like the loud battle to protect the Reiter precedent will est structures in the state. For example, noises. shift to this administrative process. EHSB the natives’ trail over Cascade Pass was an The principal lobbyist behind HB 2151, 2151 also includes a section pertaining to established trading route between eastern Ted Jackson, made it clear that the bill was volunteer liability. and western sides of the crest long before intended to undermine the Reiter Forest NCCC remains concerned about EHSB European-Americans arrived and built precedent, and to promote more motor- 2151 language about unauthorized, user- anything here. ized use of trails. At Reiter Forest, the State created trails. A DNR regulation already HB 2151 would have required agencies Department of Natural Resources (DNR) prohibits such unauthorized trail-building; to assign to each trail area a “volunteer shut down unmanaged, irresponsible WAC 332-52-405 provides that it is a mis- support and design team” made up of off-road vehicle use that was damaging demeanor to “construct a recreation trail, five individuals “representing different the forest and polluting the streams. DNR structure, or other facility or improve- trail user group types.” This would have then engaged trail user groups to design, ment, or cause such activities to occur required that off-road vehicle (ORV) users construct and manage trails in a more on department-managed lands, without would be on these design teams, even if responsible, sustainable manner. In De- written authorization from the depart- they were designing hiker-horse trails – an cember, Mr. Jackson wrote that the “2014 ment.” However, as originally introduced, apparent attempt to prevent the design of Trails Act” (HB 2151) seeks more trail “for HB 2151 would have required that an any trails that did not allow ORV use. HB the buck,” and “an emphasis on the lowest Continued on page 22 visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  9 From retreat to remediation: changes at Holden Village and in habitat by Anne Basye

s the Holden Mine reme- three dozen or so workers ramped up Diverting Railroad Creek into the diation project moves into its the infrastructure needed to support new creek bed. —photos provided fourth year, I’ve watched the the project: wider, safer corners on the by Holden Village rhythms, culture, and look of switchbacks on the road to the lake, a Holden Village change. new bypass bridge and road, a contractor a temporary channel for Copper Creek, AWhere there was silence, there is the staging area with offices. Clean-up work and massive amounts of dirt and tailing thrum of machines. Where there was grass inside the mine’s 97 miles of tunnel also moved hither and yon by machines—lots and gardens, there are ditches. Where got underway. of machines! Ninety-five pieces of equip- there was a largely vegetarian diet, there Last summer, the remediation project ment were on site, all leased. All barged is meat three times a day! Where there hit its stride. With over 200 people on the uplake and all about to be barged down- was a concerted effort to be a place apart, job by last April, the old mill building lake, where they would be serviced over with minimal email and a single emer- was pulled down and buried in place. Part the winter before coming uplake again in gency phone line connected to the Chelan of Railroad Creek was relocated to make April. County sheriff (at one point, Holden even way for the mile-long, 25- to 80-foot deep experimented with carrier pigeons, but underground barrier wall that will keep they were eaten by martens), there are leachate from the oxidized tailings out of Biggest mine remediation walkie-talkies, smart phones, and large- the creek. Within the Village, new electri- project in the U.S. screen televisions. Where the day could cal conduit and pipes for a gray-water fire – and maybe the world end on a porch over a glass of wine as the suppression system were laid in trenches sun set over Railroad Valley… oh, well. For — one of many projects the Village itself The Holden Mine Remediation project safety reasons, mine remediation workers is funding and implementing during the is the biggest in the nation under the can’t drink alcohol, so no one else can, ei- remediation. supervision of the US Forest Service. The $15 million Blue Ledge Mine remediation ther. Instead, coffee and Coca-Cola are on A November tour of the work site project in Californiawas chump change tap in the dining room around the clock. revealed amazing sights. Looking down next to this one, which has exceeded Until 2013, the change was gradual. from the highest tailings, I could see the $109 million and is only halfway through. 2011 and 2012 were prep years when old and new Railroad Creek stream beds,

10  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 Worldwide, Rio Tinto, the multinational According to Jones, mine remedia- trucks and earth movers. Once the tailings mining company responsible for cleaning tion is a huge emphasis of the U.S. Forest slopes are reshaped, a hundred acres of up — and paying for — the Holden site, is Service. “We have literally tens of thou- impacted tailings will be covered with 18 remediating 240 sites. Guess which one is sands of sites in the nation and a lot in the to 36 inches of new soil excavated from a the largest and costliest. and . It’s an 14-acre avalanche debris chute. The carbon footprint is huge. So is the aggressive program and I’m pleased that “Over 100,000 trees are being propa- regional economic impact. The 370 jobs outcomes have been quite successful,” he gated as we speak and will be planted included in this project will generate said. in eight different eco-systems, northern $4.3 million in wages. Besides engineers slopes, riparian zones, and steep zones. and machine operators I met cooks and Reconstructing the forest Each site gets its own silvicultural pre- housekeepers, laundresses and flaggers environment in 2015 scription—coniferous trees, open areas, from Omak, Okanogan, and Manson, all deciduous trees. Quite a mix of plants grateful for work that doesn’t depend on Improved water quality is the reason will go in during the spring of 2015,” says tourism. and the outcome for the Holden project. Jones. But how, I wondered, were the environ- Leachate from the tailings and mine have “It’s a big undertaking, and it will take mental impacts being monitored? And how diminished the population of aquatic life a few years for things to get going….but will this enormous industrial site ever feel for five miles downstream, says fisheries nature is pretty resilient.” “wild” again? biologist and Holden volunteer Wayne I hope so! In November, when I was Daley. Iron, copper, cadmium, zinc and maneuvering around trenches in my safety aluminum are present in quantities above vest and hard hat, startling at mysterious Forest Service oversees the maximum tolerable for aquatic life. contractor implementation crashes and rumbles, and missing my Daley believes water quality will im- evening glass of wine, I wondered, where To find out, I called Pete Jones, Holden prove quickly, once the barrier wall is in did my Village go? Will I ever again get to Mine Remedial Project Manager for the place and water flowing through the tail- hike up past the tailings to Copper Creek U.S. Forest Service, who oversees the proj- ings is directed to the treatment plant to Basin, or along the Railroad Creek trail ect with Assistant Project Manager Jolene be built in 2014. towards Lake Chelan? Pete Jones per- Gosselin-Campbell. Alternating weeks on At that point, the Forest Service will suaded me that eventually I’ll see them all site, Jones and Gosselin-Campbell monitor shift its attention to reconstructing the again—and with the worst of the impacts and implement the plan contained in the forest environment damaged by all those mitigated at last. Record of Decision approved in spring 2012. “We do inspections to be sure they are conforming to plans, and processed over 64 work orders through the season, in- cluding many field design changes,” Jones told me. “As site conditions change or alternate methods present themselves, we are on site to review those proposals, go back to the design documents and ensure that proposals meet the intent. If they do, we approve them, and provide a written order that allows them to make a change.” In the Fall issue of the Holden Vil- lage Voice, Rio Tinto project manager Dave Cline praised Jones and Gosselin- Campbell for helping keep the project on schedule in spite of site surprises that have led to changed plans and increased costs. Jones called himself and Gosselin- Campbell “collaborative partners” rather than “overlords” with the many contrac- tors involved in the project. The Statement of Work that accompa- An overview of the Railroad Creek realignment project just before water was nied the Record of Decision is a useful released into the new bed. On the right is Tailings Pile 3. The former creek bed tool, Jones told me. Because they contain is in the middle and the new creek bed is on the left. preliminary guidelines and deadlines that lead to annual construction work plans, “we can go ahead and use those as an un- biased representation of what is supposed The project schedule, assessment processes, objectives and monthly to occur on the ground. There are no updates (during construction season) can be found on the US Forest conflicts of someone saying, ‘hey, do this Service’s Holden Mine Remediation Site, fs.usda.gov/detail/okawen/ instead of that!’” landmanagement/projects/?cid=fsbdev3_053632

visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  11 In Memoriam Patrick Goldsworthy 1919–2013

he legacy of Patrick Goldsworthy, cofounder of the North Cascades Conserva- in 1960, then turned to Congress for pas- tion Council, was confirmed by many voices following his death on October sage of the North Cascades Act in 1968. 6, 2013. A board member for all 56 years of NCCC’s existence, and president The landmark legislation created a for many years, he is deeply missed by the NCCC board and officers. 684,000 acre North Cascades complex, along with adjoining Gla- T cier Peak and Areas Patrick Goldsworthy: totaling nearly one million acres. It was a seminal moment for protection and pres- An appreciation ervation of the “American Alps.” When U.S. Interior Secretary Stewart by Joel Connelly Udall came to Seattle for the 1962 World’s Fair, Seattle attorney/conservationist Irving Reprinted by permission from seattlepi.com Clark, Jr., invited Goldsworthy to a Bain- bridge Island beach party honoring Udall. Dr. Patrick Donovan Goldsworthy was tion,” said Tim McNulty, a Sequim-based “Now Pat,” he admonished Goldsworthy, present at the creation of the Northwest’s author and longtime activist in Olympic “Stewart Udall is a busy man.” Clark gently conservation movement, back in the days Park Associates. suggested that Goldsworthy let Udall relax when horn-blasting trucks lined Goldsworthy was a gentlemen, but and hold off lobbying for a national park up outside wilderness hearings, and the relentless in his advocacy. in the North Cascades. Wenatchee National Forest supervisor He helped establish the first Sierra Club No way! Armed with maps, Goldsworthy greeted a delegation of early greens with chapter in the Northwest. In 1957, he positioned himself just inside the door of the words: “Just what do you people helped found the North Cascades Conser- the beach house. He waylaid Udall, took want?” him into the study and laid out the case vation Council, the most uncompromising Goldsworthy, 94, died in Seattle on Sun- voice of Washington conservation. The day, October 6, 2013. N3C fought an administrative battle for Pat at Mt. Baker Mountaineers “Pat always impressed me as one of the creation of a Area Lodge. —Christine White photo true gentlemen of Northwest conserva-

12  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 for a park. Goldsworthy, lugging topo- and left the Sierra Club board afterward. ness Act of 1984 created a Mt. Baker and graphical maps, became a familiar figure In professional life, Goldsworthy was , and protected in Washington congressional offices. a University of Washington professor 179,000 acres east of Lake Chelan. Six years post-Bainbridge, Goldsworthy who spent a career researching protein Yet, even in his 90s, Goldsworthy con- stood with Udall at the White House while biochemistry. He was raised in Berkeley, tinued to press his latest cause, expansion President Lyndon Johnson signed the California, weaned on early Sierra Club of the North Cascades National Park to North Cascades Act into law. He received a outings, and came north to Seattle after embrace ecosystem rather than political pen used by LBJ to sign the act. World War II service in the Army Medical boundaries. A now-sympathetic Times Goldsworthy was a participant in one Corps. pictured Goldsworthy and longtime fellow of the national conservation movements The atmosphere for conservation, at the activist Polly Dyer on a hike up the Baker most wrenching battles. He was a director time, was not friendly. A famous Seattle River, just outside existing park boundar- of the Sierra Club when, in 1969, the club Times editorial lampooned conservation ies. board voted to oust visionary but autocrat- advocates as “mountain climbers and Along with 101 Hikes guidebook author ic executive director David Brower. birdwatchers.” An Harvey Manning, Goldsworthy belonged Brower had brought national attention superintendent allowed on to a group that called itself the Elderly to the “American Alps” with publication park lands, supposedly taking trees that Birdwatchers Hiking and Griping Society. of the Sierra Club book North Cascades: endangered visitors. It did 39 hikes, of which Goldsworthy par- Forgotten Parkland. He gave national Goldsworthy went out to the park, ticipated in 23. Woe unto the motorcycle- circulation to a film, “The Wilderness Alps photographed the destruction, and helped riding Forest Service backcountry ranger of Stehekin.” He helped defeat a massive halt the logging. He was active in Olympic who encountered the “Birdwatchers.” mining project proposed for the heart of Park Associates, which became a model for Goldsworthy retired from the Univer- the Glacier Peak Wilderness, with a full- N3C. sity of Washington in the early 1990s, but page Times ad headlined: “An The conservation community was never/ never really retired from the N3C. Open Pit Visible from the Moon.” will never be satisfied. The North Cascades If you want to see his legacy, lift your But he spent money the club did not Act was followed in 1976 by creation of eyes unto our hills. have, and went around its directors. Gold- a 393,000-acre Alpine Lakes Wilderness. sworthy was a diehard Brower defender, The million-acre Washington Wilder-

Excerpts from a Sierra Club resolution honoring Patrick Goldsworthy From the Sierra Club national Board of Directors Patrick Goldsworthy served the Sierra Club long and well. He was a founder of the Club’s Northwest Chapter, and of allied regional environmental organizations, notably the North Cascades Conserva- tion Council (NCCC). Pat imbued generations of the Sierra Club’s chapter and group leaders and to Club staff members, particularly in the Northwest Office, with his dedication, his persistence, and his confidence that our political system could and would match his vision if we were ef- fective advocates. There was not a cynical bone in his body. Pat lived a full life, so we cannot so much mourn his passing as honor his legacy and take his example to renew our own commit- ment to the work he pioneered. The Board of Directors of the Sierra Club joins our Northwest Chapter and the entire Sierra Club family in expressing our con- dolences to Pat’s family, knowing that they have the solace of his extraordinary achievements as we follow the high pathway he led us on, as he has passed over the highest ridge.

Pat on El Dorado summit climb. —Christine White photo Continued on next page visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  13 Goldsworthy Continued from page 13

To specialize in something by Thom Schroeder

There is more information of a higher now little-known-but-not-entirely-dead Big Beaver Valley, North Cascades order of sophistication and complexity project referred to as ‘High Ross Dam.’ National Park. —Thom Schroeder photo stored in a few square yards of forest than After a hike with Harvey Manning and there is in all of the libraries of mankind. others shortly after the park was estab- — though an appreciable man still one — Gary Snyder lished in 1968 he wrote how ‘We went up whose grand design favored flooding over I had the chance to meet him once. Pat- Little Beaver Valley and down Big Beaver flowers — it soared to a whopping 1615 rick Goldsworthy. This past January at my Valley [and] came through tremendous feet above sea level by 1949 (its present- first board meeting of the North Cascades forests of great cedar trees.’ Of the many day height). oddities and bizarre outcomes of the Conservation Council, actually. This is the And so the valley through which the struggled creation of North Cascades Na- guy we all have to thank for there being a Skagit once wildly coursed on its way to tional Park is the designation of Ross Lake North Cascades National Park. A Pasayten the ocean was erased. Wilderness. A Glacier Peak Wilderness. (wherein which It was the Hetch Hetchy of the Pacific A Big Beaver Valley. about a five-mile portion of Big Beaver Valley lies). Had this area been included in Northwest. A whole valley gone. Vast. Earlier this summer I walked the valley the national park Seattle City Light would Lost. In a blog report from the North again en route to climb Luna Peak. Ten not have been able to dam the Skagit. Cascades Institute published a couple of miles in. Along the way, invisible in the years ago about an annual educational The trouble was… they already had. photograph above, lost in the scale, is one trip up-lake aboard the Ross Lake Mule of the finest stands of Western Red Cedar Once upon a not-so-long-time ago the the author mentions her keen awareness on the planet. Trees 15 feet in diameter inked a squiggly line on the of how “our class floats over what was towering nearly 200 feet. A thousand years map in the rugged northeastern corner of once a pristine forest.” The upper Skagit old. My climbing partner Keith stood next what would eventually become North Cas- Valley looked no different then — before to one staring up while I steadied to take cades National Park. Then — in 1937 — the dam — than the Big Beaver does now. a photograph of him in the shadow of its Ross Dam was built and by 1940 reached a But since the dams had been built and the sheer immensity. Awesome. height of 1380 feet above sea level. Named valley destroyed, it could not be included Pat knew this. Buried in all of his efforts after the first and now-long dead super- in a national park. Which is why a map of is the bit how he had helped prevent the intendent for Seattle City Light J.D. Ross North Cascades National Park looks more

14  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 like a puzzle missing more than a few important pieces than a whole wilderness Listed and answering rescued. But Seattle City Light was not finished his own phone with its grand design. by Brock Evans They intended to raise the already 540- foot dam an additional 122 feet (to an Pat was, always and forever, one of my When I asked if I could do something to elevation of 1725 feet above sea level) in a personal heroes, the one single person help, he invited me to the next meeting... fourth and final stage of its construction. (along with Polly Dyer) who had the most and things took off from there in my own This addition would flood a large portion to do with, and the most impact on the career. of Big Beaver Valley (and almost 5000 of creation of, the North Cascades National Canadian wilderness to the north). The Of all the powerful remembrances Park — and the expansion of those two millennial-old cedars would vanish from of Pat and that wonderful early band of magnificent adjoining Wilderness Areas, memory. dedicated companions in the NCCC — all Glacier Peak and Pasayten. mentors to me — perhaps what I remem- After a confrontation between the city It was when I was just starting out as a ber most are the licking/stuffing/stamping of Seattle, Goldsworthy’s North Cascades young hiking/climbing lawyer in Seattle in and folding parties at Pat’s house, getting Conservation Council, and a similar group the mid-60s, that I most painfully experi- out yet another mailing during those dif- in British Columbia that stretched out enced what the Forest Service and timber ficult years, 1965-68... followed always by stalemate after stalemate for nearly fifteen industry was doing to the North Cascades: martinis and Chinese food! years, a settlement was finally reached in logging everywhere there were big trees 1984. Seattle would pay the Canadians 20- I have learned much since about the his- and mining wherever it looked profitable. some million dollars a year for 35 years. tory of those “green” (protected) areas on Desperate to do something to try to halt the map, across our American land... above this wave of destruction, I heard about a all, that they only exist because some one “I’ve always stressed the fighting group called the North Cascades or ones — just regular folks all — loved importance of getting Conservation Council... and its (even then them enough to take a stand and fight for almost legendary) president, Pat Gold- them. That’s why they are there now, the your facts and THEN sworthy. only reason; and we should all feel proud producing the logical Not knowing any better way to get to be a part of such a great endeavor. started, I thought I’d just call him up. And that’s the kind of person Pat was, argument. If you can’t I didn’t really expect to find such an all his life: utter devotion to the cause of come up with the facts, eminent personage’s name in the regular saving, rescuing, the best of the spec- you have no argu- Seattle phone book — but there it was! So, tacular wilderness of the North Cascades. with some hesitation about even daring to Whenever I hike through its great ancient ment.” speak to such a great person, but driven by forests, splash across one of its wild- — Patrick Goldsworthy, quoted my passion, I actually called him up. foaming rivers, or wander its oceans of in the Seattle Times, 1977 Even more to my naive surprise in those high meadows, I will remember and thank innocent times, this (to me) Godlike Per- Patrick Goldsworthy. Each of those years the Canadians would son actually answered his own phone! return the favor by giving the city about 40 megawatts of electricity. The dollar amount was equal to what the High Dam construction would have cost while the home. We can still walk past them gawk- energy output added up to what it would ing awkwardly upward in silence and “Today, as a result of have provided in power. awe, not quite able to see their crowns Pat’s work and inspira- Not entirely dead, though. The High lost in the mess of branches and sky, and Dam, as the agreement states, halted wonder. Let us hope that in 40 years there tion, Americans have a assuredly only for a period of 80 years is another Pat. Another someone who can nearly unbroken block of (through 2066, in order to see out the fight for trees that lack a voice some fail to terms of a previous 99-year agreement respect or cannot hear. Wilderness and National reached back in 1967, just before the “I began to realize that you can’t get Park lands stretching national park was created). The short- involved in everything, though there are sightedness of building dams trumped the a lot of things that need involvement,” he along the Cascade Crest foresight of Goldsworthy and others to once said. “I developed the philosophy from the Canadian Bor- protect these trees. Valleys. . that the way to do this is to specialize in der to just south of Mt. And so they remain vulnerable. something… specialize. So I decided fairly Pat had said simply… “When [we] went early when I came to Seattle... the Cas- Rainier National Park.” through the cedar forests [of Big Beaver cades just fascinated me.” — from the Sierra Club resolu- Valley] and saw what was going to happen As they do me. tion honoring Pat Goldsworthy there it was devastating.” Devastating. Thank you Patrick. Thank you for saving But fast-forward… this most special and wild of places for all Big Beaver remains… for now. And the of us who have followed your wisdom and Continued on page 20 stately trees. And the wilderness they call footsteps into these mountains. visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  15 In Memoriam Philip Zalesky 1924 – 2013

hil Zalesky’s legacy is indisputable. Cofounder of the North Cascades Phil and Laura Zalesky in 2007. — Conservation Council, Zalesky was NCCC’s first president. He also courtesy of Laura Zalesky served as secretary for many years and was a board member for all 56 years of NCCC’s existence until his death on October 18, 2013. He is deeply missed by the NCCC board and officers. Philip Henry Zalesky died October 18, P 2013. He was 89. A longtime resident of Everett’s East- Farewell to a giant of mont area, he lived in recent years with his wife in Mill Creek. He taught in the Everett wilderness preservation district for more than 30 years. A Pullman native and U.S. Army veteran, he came to by Julie Muhlstein, Herald columnist Everett High as an English teacher in 1952. Reprinted with permission In 1961, he was among the first faculty at Everett’s new Cascade High School, where Phil Zalesky’s legacy is huge and ever- “He never stopped teaching or educat- he taught history and economics until lasting. With his passion for wilderness, he ing,” said Laura Zalesky, his wife of 68 retiring in 1984. worked with others to keep the places he years. “He influenced so many people With their shared love of hiking and the loved unspoiled for all time. And his ca- through his teaching. And when we would Glacier Peak area’s magnificence, Phil and reer in the classroom shaped generations go out hiking with people, he would teach Laura Zalesky became effective preserva- of Everett students. them all about the area.” tion activists.

16  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 In 1957, they were among several co- left out of the park.” Eventually, that work quarter, we watched the stock and read founders of the North Cascades Conserva- preserved the Wilderness, about it,” he said. “He was just one of tion Council, with an aim of creating the the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness and the those standout teachers.” Glacier Peak Wilderness. The group would Wild Sky Wilderness. “All that continued Laura Zalesky was also a teacher, and go on to push for the creation, in 1968, of vigilance took a long-term commitment,” before that worked for Sno-Isle Libraries North Cascades National Park. Forsgaard said. in the bookmobile. After retirement, the “Phil’s main thrust had always been to The Zaleskys were part of that. The Zaleskys traveled and hiked in Europe get the Glacier Peak Wilderness. That was Cascade Land Conservancy honored the and New Zealand. Both were involved in sort of his baby,” said Marc Bardsley, of couple with its first Phil and Laura Zalesky the Pilchuck Audubon Society, and Phil Snohomish, a past president of the North Lifetime Achievement Award, an annual Zalesky wrote a guidebook called “Birding Cascades Conservation Council. prize that now recognizes others working in Snohomish County.” Bardsley is now secretary of the group, a to save open space. David Cameron, who taught history at position Phil Zalesky held for many years. Zalesky died less than two weeks after Cascade High School for 30 years, was “Phil was like a mentor to me,” Bardsley the October 6 death of 94-year-old Patrick both a colleague and former student of said. Goldsworthy, of Seattle. Another co-found- Zalesky’s. As an Everett High sophomore, It was through efforts of the conserva- er of the North Cascades Conservation Cameron climbed Whitehorse Mountain tion council that the Glacier Peak Wil- Council, Goldsworthy was a University of with his English teacher — Zalesky — and derness, with the 10,541-foot peak as its Washington professor who also helped Goldsworthy. “He had us reading moun- crown jewel, was established in the early start the Sierra Club’s Northwest chapter. taineering and outdoors books,” said 1960s. The rugged 572,000-acre area cov- While Zalesky is known as a giant in wil- Cameron, who is Lindgren’s husband. ers parts of Snohomish, Skagit and Chelan derness preservation, one former student Today, conservation groups are still counties. recalls him as a remarkable teacher. “We working to preserve areas around North According to a profile of Phil Zalesky all have a handful of teachers we remem- Cascades National Park through a cam- written for the HistoryLink website by ber,” said Everett Mayor Ray Stephanson. paign called the American Alps Legacy local historian Louise Lindgren, there was “Mr. Zalesky was one of those. I learned so Project. wrangling between conservation groups much about business and economics from Zalesky’s own legacy stands tall, for all over whether a new national park would him.” time. offer the wilderness the total protection Stephanson said one class project at “It took that advocacy work of people prized by the couple. Cascade High had students learning about like Phil Zalesky, who knew that land, so In the end, Zalesky worked “as hard for companies and buying one share of stock. more people would come to understand,” the park as he had for the wilderness,” “The year I had him, I did all this research Forsgaard said. Lindgren wrote. on Raytheon, a company doing electronic Laura Zalesky on Thursday recalled the work and radar. I convinced the class to role the late U.S. Sen. Henry M. “Scoop” buy this stock. Over the course of the Jackson, D-Wash., played in making North Cascades National Park a reality. The Zaleskys and others had long shared their knowledge of the land, and their fears about logging and mining. “Senator Jackson finally got on the boat,” Laura Zalesky said. “His famous remark was, ‘You get the parade going and I’ll lead it.’” Because so much of the wilderness area was accessible only to hikers, Zalesky be- came a pitchman for preservation. Herald archives show that in 1963 he spoke to the Everett Kiwanis Club on the topic of “A National Park in the Northern Cascades.” “People who really knew the land well from exploring the back country and seeing it knew that all these great places, of national park caliber, needed to be protected. But the public needed to be educated about those places,” said Karl Forsgaard, now president of the North Phil and Laura at Cascade Cascades Conservation Council. Pass in the late 1960s. — Forsgaard said the council’s 11-year courtesy of Laura Zalesky push for the national park was followed by long battles to include “so much that was Continued on page 18 visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  17 Zalesky Continued from page 17 Philip Zalesky: Another conservation leader passes by Joel Connelly Reprinted with permission

he conservation movement in in the League of Women Voters and later With N3C, and backing from the na- Washington has lost another the Pilchuck Audubon Society. tional Sierra Club, the Zaleskys fought to of its creators. Philip Zalesky, The Zaleskys lived in what was a classic create a Glacier Peak Wilderness and later 89, a longtime Mountaineers mill town. The key voices on conserva- the North Cascades National Park. Jackson activist and co-founder of the tion in Congress belonged to two sons of and Meeds posed a political challenge TNorth Cascades Conservation Council Snohomish County: Sen. Henry Jackson, to the state’s early greens: Show us the (N3C), died Friday in Everett. D-Wash., chaired the Senate Interior Com- support that will make us do this. Both The death of Zalesky follows by less mittee while Rep. Lloyd Meeds, D-Wash., expected gratitude. The conservationists, than two weeks the passing of Dr. Patrick was a reformist voice on the House Inte- of course, always wanted more. Goldsworthy, another of the small group rior Committee. Timber industry opposition was that established the N3C in 1957 and used The Zaleskys learned conservation poli- adamant. Rural sentiment was such that hiking trips, exhibition format picture tics as members of Olympic Park Associ- Darrington residents erected a “Welcome books and trail guides to make friends ates. Phil Zalesky and Carsten Lien took Kennicott Copper” sign across the en- and advocates for mountains known as the pictures of logging taking place within trance to the Suiattle River road, when the American Alps. boundaries of Olympic National Park, company proposed locating a half-mile- Phil and Laura Zalesky, she another co- which forced Park Service Director Conrad wide open pit copper mine in the heart of founder, were at the focal point of seminal Wirth to halt the logging. They also beat the Glacier Peak Wilderness. Lloyd Meeds conservation battles of the 1960s, 1970s back proposals, sometimes made with kept, framed in his office, a letter from his and 1980s. He taught at Everett and later Jackson testing the , to excise rain parents vociferously opposing a wilder- Cascade High School. She became a leader forests from the national park. ness he was in the process of creating. The leaders of N3C were a study in contrasts. “101 Hikes” guidebook author Harvey Manning was ornery and a bit confrontational. Pat Goldsworthy was Phil and Laura Zalesky, gentle but persistent and persuasive. The Zaleskys were affable, friendly, and join- conservation education ers. He taught for 36 years, she for 19 years. He was a longtime chairman of the supporters Snohomish County Democratic Party. In retirement, the couple canoed in the In 2006, retired teachers and lifetime conservationists Phil and Laura Arctic and explored Canada’s Kluane Na- Zalesky made a generous donation to Pilchuck Audubon Society for the tional Park, home to Mt. Logan the second purpose of promoting conservation education in elementary classrooms highest peak in North America. throughout Snohomish County. They collected a group of like-minded Phil Zalesky and Pat Goldsworthy were supporters and went about the business of establishing the Pilchuck each to serve 56 years on the board of the Audubon Society Classroom Conservation Award committee. This com- North Cascades Conservation Council, ar- mittee developed an application and, over time, streamlined procedures guably the most unyielding of the region’s green groups. The N3C never allowed to distribute, review, and select applications for the award. Elementary membership to elect its board, initially teachers apply for the award which comes with associated grant money out of fear that the timber industry would to be used to fund a conservation project for their classroom. This pro- pack its membership. gram has been a great success! Over the past eight years, the committee Laura Zalesky and Polly Dyer are now has reviewed over 120 applications and given out 75 awards in 15 school the last surviving founders of N3C. districts for total of over $23,000. Just this past year, the committee gave The Cascade Land Conservancy, now out 10 awards of $400 each. Forterra, honored the Zaleskys by estab- lishing a Philip and Laura Zalesky Lifetime —From the February 2014 Achievement Award. Pilchuck Audubon newsletter

18  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 Remembering “Mr. Zalesky” by Rick McGuire

Everett, Washington, was a far different growth began to run out. One thing led place in the 1970s than today. The “City of to another, and we were able to include Smokestacks” still lived up to that name the Boulder River in the 1984 Wilderness and others that were less polite. Weyer- bill. haeuser’s “thermo-mechanical” and “kraft” Phil’s voice was always one of encour- mills anchored the southern and northern agement tempered with realism. He nev- ends of the waterfront, with Scott Paper’s er underestimated the magnitude of the behemoth Soundview pulp and paper tasks we faced, and never shrank back mills standing between. Various other saw from doing the hard work to protect the and paper mills also operated, includ- best parts of the Cascades. Decade after ing Simpson Lee along the Snohomish decade, the living room of the Zaleskys’ river, source of the infamous eye-watering place on Del Campo Drive, named after stench behind the town’s less flattering one of the nearby Cascade peaks, was nicknames. the nerve center of conservation in Everett was hardly a hotbed of conserva- Snohomish County. With the birdfeed- tion — quite the opposite. As I developed ers outside the windows, and the quiet an interest in the fast-disappearing forests determination of Phil and Laura within, of the nearby Cascades, especially the it was the birthplace of countless conser- dark, mysterious rainforests of the Boul- vation efforts. Laura’s work continues, der River valley, I sometimes felt like I was in new surroundings. Phil’s work is now the only person there with an interest in done, but the results of it live on, not standing forests. The assumption always only at Boulder River, Glacier Peak and was that forests were for cutting. All of Wild Sky, but every place where forests them. The trucks hauling three or four gi- grow in the Cascades east of Everett and ant logs never stopped rolling, the smoke- beyond. stacks never stopped belching, and the forests surrounding the dramatic peaks to the east never stopped shrinking. But I wasn’t quite the only tree hugger. Mr. Zalesky, Cascade High, 1966 The Everett Mountaineers had a one-mem- — courtesy of Laura Zalesky ber conservation committee in the person of Henry Kral. It wasn’t long after I started talking to him about the Boulder River forests that he said “you need to meet Phil Zalesky.” This was none other than the NCCC board member Phil Fenner was “Mr. Zalesky” who taught at Cascade High reviewing video footage of Phil Zalesky School where I had attended not long be- that was shot by students a few years fore. Although unluckily I never had him ago, hoping to catch a smile. In the final as a teacher, I knew him by reputation. minutes of the last reel, Zalesky asks if the High school kids are not easily won over, camera’s still running and when told it is, but the name “Mr. Zalesky” was usually he says, “Well, I’ll tell this story anyway…” spoken with respect. As it turned out, Phil He talks about one Olympic Park superin- knew all about Boulder River, and many tendent who came from the pulp industry other places besides. A meeting was soon and wanted to log all the old trees, and arranged in the Zalesky’s living room, even allowed what he called “salvage log- where in 1978 Phil and Laura, Henry Kral, ging” of ancient trees inside the National Marc Bardsley, Fay Ogilvy, John Huskin- Park. Well, Olympic Park Associates (OPA son, Karen Fant and I formed the core of shares many members with NCCC) put the Boulder River Protection Association. the pressure on to have him removed, With all those trucks, mills, smoke- and when he stood up at a sendoff event, stacks, and the money behind them he started by saying “I’m leaving. The against us, the odds seemed pretty birdwatchers got me!” And there was the daunting. But Phil had been undeterred smile! by far worse odds during the efforts to VIDEO by Max Schrempp, Nathan The footage of that interview will ap- establish the Glacier Peak Wilderness and Maris, Jessica Jin, and Ceri Riley, who pear soon on our website’s “In Memoriam” North Cascade National Park. Everett itself produced an award-winning National page about Phil: www.northcascades.org/ even began to change, with more people History Day documentary film about wordpress/?p=442. realizing the value of forests as the old NCCC. visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  19 Patrick Goldsworthy Continued from page 13 “I’ll make the maps!” PDG, citizen conservation cartographer by Phil Fenner

He used a base map, usually the USFS planimetric series, to trace the drainages and roads onto that thin, sturdy paper known as “vellum.” He’d trace the lines in pencil, then ink them in with various sizes of nibs in Rapidograph pens. I’ve used these sorts of pens myself and can attest to the level of regular maintenance they require. I’m sure he had ink-stained fingertips at times. After the photocopier became ubiq- uitous, he used them to reduce his final work. He’d start by choosing a base map scale large enough so that his draft maps would just fit in a photocopier window. That way he could reduce them for publi- cation, since reducing makes details look sharper. TWC was a half-sized magazine for many years, too, necessitating reduc- tion. His lettering methods evolved with the times. His earlier works were lettered by hand using templates and guides. One often sees his initials, “PDG,” in the lower- right corner. He began to use transfer let- tering, at one point having sheets printed with the names of all the rivers and peaks in the Cascades, so he didn’t have to assemble each word. Later he started printing labels from his computer, cutting them out and pasting them onto the page. He made notes in light blue colored pencil that wouldn’t be picked-up by a photo- copier. Finally, he’d copy it with about 50% reduction in size and it would go to The he role of maps in conserva- An example of a Cougar Lakes Wil- Wild Cascades editor, Harvey and later tion efforts has been pivotal. derness proposal map surrounding Betty Manning. Without them, we couldn’t Bumping Lake, ca. 1962, and some The boundaries he drew around pro- “draw the line” to keep wild of PDG’s tools. posed protected areas always followed lands wild. Many support geographic features. Never were they Twilderness protection, but just how big being discussed for a future TWC article: drawn with a ruler across peaks and val- should a protected area be? Which valleys, “I’ll make the maps!” leys! He knew protection of ecosystems which watersheds, which peaks do you But just how did he do it? I can only wasn’t accomplished by random straight include and exclude? Just keeping track guess, as I sadly never thought to inter- lines. Take a look at the ‘Maps’ and ‘From of where roads are built, and thus where view him about his tools and methods. the Archives’ pages on our new website roadless areas remain is a daunting task. But I’ve got some examples of his rough (northcascades.org/), for some examples Patrick Donovan Goldsworthy’s collec- drafts and intermediate versions, and of his work. tion of map-making tools fascinates me. I many of his tools were donated to NCCC Pat’s manual methods may seem obso- knew he was a map-maker from the cap- by Christine, Patrick’s widow, after his lete in the era of GIS and GPS, but keep tions I saw on the maps I’d see in The Wild passing, for which we are very grateful. your eyes out for maps in this and future Cascades with his byline, and from his And I know what an extensive collection issues of TWC. What more fitting memo- enthusiastic exhortations at NCCC board of printed maps he had, so I can surmise a rial could there be than continuing his art meetings when any particular area was few things. form?

20  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 Remembering the Blue Bomb Conservationists, by Dave Fluharty Park staff remember Phil Patrick did not seek the limelight or and that Steve would drive Patrick’s car grandstand on any issue. His leadership back to Seattle. In the meantime, Patrick Zalesky and was not about himself but about the issues would take the “Fast Lady” [Lady of the he cared about. As the President of NCCC Lake] down lake and ride back to Seattle Pat Goldsworthy he would grab any opportunity to inform with Polly. Convincing Patrick that this was “Washington conservationists have been the newest member of NCCC or the Secre- a good idea took a lot of clever argument. blessed to benefit from the dedication tary of the Interior about issues of concern What won out was that he needed to hear over a long a time of two outstanding to NCCC. Patrick taught me to always be what the operators of the boat company individuals: Pat Goldsworthy and Phil respectful of the Agency personnel and were saying about the National Park and Zalesky. They have given us more than National Recreation Area. the limits of their authority. He was also a half century of service of the highest the master of the “elevator speech.” He That accomplished, the NPS dropped order. Few have been so committed in admonished me to have my facts together Steve and Dave off at the Bridge Creek their service to a number of organizations and to present them in a non-confronta- trailhead and we skedaddled up the trail. and causes. They have been instrumental tional way. Lest anyone think that Patrick Arriving at dusk, we mounted our steeds in shaping them and achieving so much. would back down in an argument and and headed back to Seattle. If you ever We owe them a lot and shall miss them.” defer, I can confirm that was not the case. want to know what it is like to drive in Mike McCloskey However, it was tenacity not confronta- sheer terror, ask Steve about “aiming” the Former Executive Director of Sierra Club tion that counted most in his perspective. Blue Bomb down the highway. I am sure Former NCCC Board member And never did I hear Patrick make an ad Patrick would have been surprised that the hominum attack. steering and suspension of the Blue Bomb Please pass along my deep sympathy and Never, in my experience, did Patrick say had taken a hike many years ago. We made appreciation for the legacy of Pat. He no to an invitation to meet with the Park it to Seattle, and Patrick never knew how was, in many ways, the father of North Service or Forest Service. In the early days scared we were. Cascades. of John Ernst’s tenure of North Cascades Patrick is too soon gone although he Jon Jarvis National Park, Patrick and I were invited to pursued with dedication all issues in the Director meet with the Superintendent in Stehekin North Cascades. Through Patrick, we at- Former Superintendent of Mt. Rainier National Park because we had been having a number of tracted influential people like David Brow- issues. Patrick at that time was in his late er to the cause of the North Cascades. Of seventies, if I remember correctly, and his course, Patrick would be the first to give Patrick serves well as a hero and role- knees were giving him trouble hiking. Yet credit to Grant and Jane McConnell, Polly model. Thanks for the good work you Patrick insisted on driving to Bridge Creek and John Dyer, Laura and Phil Zalesky carry on for him and us all. on Highway 20 and hiking down to the and many others for the success of NCCC. Michael Brondi Stehekin Road to meet up with the NPS The Blue Bomb story illustrates a willing- Volunteer and Youth Program Coordinator vehicle. Patrick was to drive up and camp North Cascades National Park ness to compromise when necessary but at the trailhead and then hike partway dedication to the principle of being there down the trail and camp. I drove up early and showing up. Patrick, dear friend, icon As was said of Steven Mather, there is no the next morning and hiked down to meet and mentor — you were always there, you end to the good he has done. Patrick and the NPS. Polly Dyer, Steve showed up and you inspired the rest of us Chip Jenkins Ralph and other NCCC members were to to do the same. Thanks forever. Deputy Regional Director, come up to Stehekin by boat. I can remem- Pacific West Region, ber running the upper Bridge Creek Trail National Park Service and eventually catching up with Patrick, Former Superintendent of who was lurching down the trail with his North Cascades National Park sore knees. Suffice it to say Patrick and I made the connection with the Park Service Patrick’s enthusiasm for preserving the vehicle and other members met us at the wild lands of Washington, and the country dock. continued, until his passing. The areas we Whatever issues were resolved in Ste- have preserved over the last 60 years have hekin, the most delicate one was con- benefited from his quiet zeal, persistence, vincing Patrick that it was not necessary and his ability to work with others. We to hike back up Bridge Creek to his car. will miss his dedication. (Even though he at one time had a spiffy We need more people like Patrick if yellow sports car for mountain trips, he we are to be successful in fulfilling the drove the Blue Bomb – a sixties station wilderness bucket list for which he was so wagon whose make I forget but we all passionate. remember it was big). The proposal was Donna Osseward, NCCC member and that Steve Ralph and I would hike back out President of Olympic Park Associates visit www.northcascades.org • ncascadesconservation.blogspot.com The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014  21 motorized trails), but that provision was (along with Reps. David Taylor (the prime Bad legislation removed. sponsor), Shelly Short, Joel Kretz and Ja- Continued from page 9 Background: in June 2013, the Legisla- son Overstreet) a disturbing bill HB 2268, ture passed HB 1632, which allows ATVs “Concerning the transfer of federal land to agency “must” attempt to incorporate all the state.” “user-built trails” into any trail system the on paved streets, roads and highways with agency develops. This is irresponsible; it speed limits of 35 miles per hour or less. Section 3(1) of the bill provides: “On encourages lawless behavior and vandal- The opening of these roads to ATVs was or before December 31, 2014, the United ism, telling individual users to construct automatic in counties with populations States shall: (a) Extinguish title to all pub- new user-built trails on our public lands in lower than 15,000: Skamania, Ferry, Lin- lic lands; and (b) Transfer title to public order to get those trails incorporated into coln, Pend Oreille, Columbia, Wahkiakum lands to the state of Washington.” a new “official” trail system. and Garfield. Larger counties and munici- Were this to occur, Mt. Rainier, Mt. St. palities will have to “opt in” by passing an EHSB 2151 made this “user-built trails” Helens, North Cascades and Olympic ordinance to open those roads to ATVs. would cease to be National Parks and language more flexible, but still problem- Okanogan County did so immediately, atic; section 2 (2) (d) now provides: Monuments, and instead would become and other counties considering it include State Parks. Gifford Pinchot, Okanogan- (d) After developing the recreational Chelan, Kittitas and Clallam. We opposed Wenatchee, Olympic and Mt. Baker- trail policy required in this section, and HB 1632 due to its negative impacts on Snoqualmie would cease to be National when developing or assessing recreational public safety, as well as its negative im- Forests, and instead would become State trail systems, the department should pacts on waters, soils, vegetation, wildlife, Forests. evaluate existing nondesignated trails and quiet recreation on our public lands. for compliance with trail standards and The bill references the Statehood Act HB 1632 now makes it easier for ATVs to and proposes a Commission be set up incorporate those trails, when compliant illegally access public lands (and private and consistent with the standards, into to determine within one year how to get lands). Land managers will be unable to lands back or to get 5% of all revenues comprehensive recreational management patrol the lands that are illegally accessed, plans. (“Washington, like other western states, and thrill seekers will create new illegal has not received the full benefit of the pro- NCCC is concerned that the term trails, including streambeds. visions of the enabling act, related to the “nondesignated” trail (a euphemism for As introduced in January 2014, HB 2675 disposal of lands from the federal govern- user-created trail) may cause some mis- would have amended the ATV law (HB ment”). It names North Cascades National guided ORVers to go forth and carve up 1632) to allow ATVs not only on paved Park, the other National Park system units DNR-managed lands with “nondesignated” streets, roads and highways (eliminating in the state, and all federal Wilderness trails, in the hope that DNR may find their the speed-limit restriction), but also on areas “designated as part of the national creations to be “compliant.” trails. wilderness preservation system under the NCCC strongly urges DNR to be Conservation Northwest, which had wilderness act of 1964.” It seems to be part proactive in discouraging self-described supported HB 1632 last year, wrote of an effort to beef up funding for schools, “renegade trail-builders” from creating to thirty-six state legislators that CNW but its sponsors have not issued news re- new damage in their misguided hope “strenuously opposes HB 2675” because leases about it to explain their motives. that DNR will add their “nondesignated” it “has the express and explicit intent of HB 2268 did not make it out of the creations to new trail systems (especially vastly expanding ATV use on national for- House Judiciary Committee, but its provi- now that they believe EHSB 2151 is likely est (contrary to US Forest Service policy) sions (and its co-sponsors) bear watching to pass). One way is to use DNR’s public and broadly opening to ATV’s state parks, in future sessions. messaging (such as DNR e-newsletters campgrounds, and road approaches to to recreation constituents), reminding/ these,” and “the objectives of 2675 are What you can do informing them that this behavior is il- substantively off base and risky to public Please contact the elected Commis- legal. Another way is to make the WAC resources and policy. … The record of ATV sioner of Public Lands, Peter Goldmark, 332-52-405 prohibition prominent in the abuse (trespass, damage to public re- who runs DNR and manages our State new statewide trail policy that DNR will sources, etc.) is massive and has produced Forests, and ask him to make sure that develop if and when the bill passes. distrust in ATV riders among many sectors DNR enforces the prohibition on renegade HB 2675: Another horrible and in specific policy among public land trail-building (WAC 332-52-405). He can ATV bill managers and agencies to contain ATV be contacted at (360) 902-1000 or via use.” email: [email protected] Representative Brian Blake also co- Ted Jackson was the principal lobbyist Please contact the State Representatives sponsored Rep. Matt Shea’s HB 2675, behind HB 1632 in 2013, and HB 2151 and who co-sponsored HB 2268 to transfer all “Modifying provisions applicable to off- 2675 in 2014. federal lands to the state, and ask them road, nonhighway, and wheeled all-terrain to explain themselves. Please also contact vehicles and their drivers.” Its other HB 2675’s substitute bill (with the worst the prime sponsors of HB 2151 and 2675 co-sponsors were Luis Moscoso, Chris Rey- provisions deleted, thanks to CNW) was (Brian Blake and Matt Shea) and let them dahl, Mike Sells, Cary Condotta, Elizabeth passed by the House Transportation Com- know that expanding off-road vehicle use Scott and Jesse Young. The intent of HB mittee; as we went to press it was in the of our public lands is bad for the ecosys- 2675 was to expand all-terrain vehicle House Rules Committee. tem and bad for non-motorized recreation (ATV) access on public lands by amend- HB 2268 would transfer federal such as hiking. ing provisions of HB 1632, which passed lands to the state in 2013. As introduced, the new bill HB We need to make elected officials aware 2675 would have allowed ATVs on trails Representatives Brian Blake, Matt Shea of our opposition to these bills’ negative throughout the state (including non- and Elizabeth Scott also co-sponsored impact on non-motorized recreation.

22  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014 Dale Jones, former NCCC board member dies

Dale R. Jones, influential North Cascades forests from building. He is survived by Pacific Northwest the logger’s ax. He was a North his wife of the past 12 years, environmental leader during Cascades Conservation Council Rachel Evans of Washington, the 1960s through the 1980s, board member from 1969-1990. DC. Remembrances to your passed away of heart failure He became Newsletter editor favorite conservation campaign in Washington, D.C. on for the Sierra Club Northwest would be welcome. January 28, 2014. Born in Chapter and in 1970 founded (Compiled by David E. Ortman, 1939, and raised in Holland, Friends of Earth’s Northwest office former Friends of the Earth staffer Michigan, he attended the in Seattle. An adept behind-the- from 1975-97; Doug Scott, former NW University of Arizona before scenes player, he played a central Representative, Sierra Club; Larry role in the defeat of Congressional Williams, former Executive Director, being drafted into the US Oregon Environmental Council, and Army. He settled in Seattle, funding of the SST (Boeing’s other friends of Dale). and joined grassroots supersonic transport) and in campaigns to save the saving Hells Canyon from dam

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This photograph shows NCCC President Pat Goldsworthy (left) at the moment when US President Lyndon Johnson signed the Act creating the North Cas- cades National Park Complex in 1968, an effort that was guided by all NCCC members, including Phil Zalesky, who had preceded Pat as President of NCCC. A special section remembering Pat and Phil, who both died in Octo- ber 2013, begins on page 12.

24  The Wild Cascades • Winter 2014