DOCSLIB.ORG

GEOLOGY of the SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 12-17, Augusl / By: D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GEOLOGY of the SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 12-17, Augusl / By: D ,ts "-US "-J,JI t.\ "'. FIELD EXCURSION 2, GUIDEBOOK GEOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 12-17, Augusl / By: D. E. Pride, and R. O. Ulgard AP 1 ru86 GOLDTHWAfT POLAR liBRARY INSTlTU7E ('" OlAR STUDIES TI'r I ~T. [UNIVERSITY • l: • I <'IlL ,'_210 USA SIXTH GONDWANA SYMPOSIUM 19-23 August, 1985 The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Field Excursion #2 GUIDE BOOK Geology of the Southern Appalachian Mountains 12-17 August, 1985 by: D.E. Pride and R.O. Utgard This is Miscellaneous Publication #225, of the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University Sixth Gondwana Symposium 19-23 August, 1985 The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio New York : "-"-" '-,. L--- .. - " - 1 ---T--- i I Ohio I Pennsylvania I r:! I / L. __ -------::---------- Chillicothe : \ / -- __. '"'_ _ ._J : / \./'\., . :--I f) -- " -V-" --1W. Virginia r: : \ ).. :1\..: .r--'--- -- .J--j - \ / 1 princ~ Virginia Kentucky Cumberland ./ '"",,-: " Fall. /' .' - "- "-"-"-"- '''-.. .. ..- .. - .. ... .. ..... _ _ _ .. Mt.Airy Knoxville I J N. Wilkesboro Tennessee /-.../"' .. .. _-- N. Carolina .... _ •• _ Ducktown ,.J MOi9ie Volley .. / -"--. ", -- -"' "'r: ~ .. - .. ", Alabama \ Georgia \" S. Carolina "" \ \ " o . mi 250 I i I o km 400 TRIP RJUI'E - FIELD EXCURSION 2 , SOUIHERN APPALAOiIANS CONTENTS P~~~ List of Fi gures ........................................................................................ .. 111 List of Tables......................................................................................... v Oay 1 Columbus. OH to Princeton. WV Major Stops ••••••••••.•••••.••••••••••••.••••••••.• 1 Teays Drainage •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••...•••• 4 References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 6 Appalachian Plateau •••••••••.•••.•••••••••••••••.•• 6 References •••• •• ••••••••.••. •• ••••••••• • ••••••••• 10 John E. Amos Plant •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ·••• 10 Day 2 Princeton. WV. to N. Wilkesboro, NC Major Stops ••••.••••.•••••.•••.••••••.••••••••••••• 13 Ridge and Valley Province ••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••• 14 Blue Ridge Province •••••••.•••••••••••••.•••.•••••• 18 References ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 Mt. Airy Granite Quarry ••• • •••••••••..•.••••••••••• 19 References •••••.•••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••• 20 Brevard Zone ••••..•••••••••••• ••• •• •••••••••••••••• 21 References •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.••.•• 22 Day 3 N. Wilkesboro, NC to Maggie Valley. NC Major Stops ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 24 Blue Ridge Parkway ••••••••.•••••• • ••••••••••••••••• 25 Grandfather Mountain Window •••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 Reference ••••• • ...•• •• •••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••• 26 Spruce Pine District ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Dunite Deposits ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••.•••• 29 References ••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••••• 30 Day 4 Maggie Valley, NC to Knoxville. TN Maj or Stops......................................... 35 Great Smoky Mountains •••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••• 36 Geology •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 Reference •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 Murphy Marble Belt ••••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••• •• 39 References ••••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 39 • Ducktown Mining District •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 Origin of the Deposits ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 References •••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 43 Ocoee Gorge •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••.••• 44 References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44 i Day 5 Knoxville, TN to Cumberland Falls, KY Major Stops •...•.••••.•..•.••..•...•.•••.•••.•....• 46 Zinc Deposits of the Mascot-Jefferson City District, Tennessee ••••••••••••.••••••••••••. 47 References ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•• 48 Thorn Hill Section ••••..•..••••.•••••..•.•••••••.•• 52 References •••••••.•••..••••••...•••..••......••.. 55 P; ne Mountai n Overthrust •.......................•.. 55 References ...••..•..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Day 6 Cumberland Falls, KY to Columbus, Ohio Major Stops ........................................ 58 Carboniferous Stratigraphy ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 59 References •••........•........••.••••••••.••••••• 59 Lexington Plain - Bluegrass Region ••••••••••.•••••• 65 Ordovician Fossils ••••..•••.••••••...•.••.•••.••••• 66 References •••.••.•.....•.•...•..••••.•••.••••..•. 66 - i i - List of Figures 1. Physiographic diagram of the United States ••••••••• 2 2. Glacial deposits of Ohio ••.•••.••••.•••..••.••.•••. 5 3. Teays drainage .................................... 7 4. Geologic map and cross section of Ohio ••••••••.•.•• 8 5. Generalized rock column for Ohio ••••••••••••••••.•. 9 6. eyel othem ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••..••• 12 7. Geologic columns for eastern Tennessee and southwestern Virginia •••••••.•••..••.•••.••.•.••• 15 8. Relation between lithology and topography in the Valley and Ridge •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•• 16 9. Geologic sketch map of Ridge and Valley Province from Glen Lyn to Sylvatus ••••.•••••••••••.••••••• 17 10. Major geologic belts in western North Carolina and adjacent parts of Tennessee •••••..••••••••••• 21 11. Geologic map of Grandfather Mountain window and vicinity •........................................ 27 12. Geologic section of Grandfather Mountain window and Brevard Zone, along line A_A' on Figure ll ••••••• 28 13. Generalized geologic map of part of the Spruce Pine Synclinorium ..................................... 31 14. General geology of the region encompassing Spruce Pine and Chalk Mountain ••.•••••••••••.••••••••••• 32 15. General geology of the region encompassing the Harris Clay Co. pit ••••••••••••.••••••.•••••••.•. 33 16. Geologic map of Day Book dunite deposit, four miles north of Burnsville, North Carolina •••••••••••••• 34 17. Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and vicinity, Tennessee and North Carolina •• 38 18. Structural and Stratigraphic relationships in north-central Georgia and southern Tennessee ••••• 40 19. Stratigraphic column for rocks of the Murphy Marble Belt in western North Carolina and northern Georgia .......................................... 40 20. Map showing surface projection of ore bodies in the Copper Basin, Ducktown mining district, Tennessee 42 21. Distribution and metamorphic characters of rocks in the Ocoee Gorge from Ducktown to Parksville, Tennessee •...•••••.••••••••.•••••..•••••.•••..•.. 45 22. Generalized stratigraphic section and principal ore zone at the Jefferson City mine ••••.••••••••••••• 50 23. Generalized section through a portion of the Jefferson City mine showing the different types of breccia ore •..•.••.••••.••••...•.....•••.••••.••• 51 24. Thrust faults in the Ridge and Valley of north­ eastern Tennessee, including the Thorn Hill Section •...........•••.•.•••.••........•.....•.•• 54 - iii - List of Figures (con't) 25. A. Structure section of the Pine Mountain thrust; B. Path of faulting through the Stratigraphic column, as seen before thrusting •.•.••••••••••••• 56 26. Kinematic evolution of regional bedding-plane "ramped " thrusting •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 57 27. Upper delta-plain model •••••..•.••..•..•.•••.•.•••• 62 28. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of Carboniferous rocks •.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63 29. Structural features of Kentucky •••••••••••••••••••• 64 30. Physiographic areas of the Bluegrass Region •••••••• 65 31. Stratigraphy in the Maysville area •••••••••••••••• 67 - i v - List of Tables Page I . Physiographic areas of the United States. 3 II. Stratigraphic units of the Great Smoky Series of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 37 III. Ages and thicknesses of stratigraphic units in Thorn Hill Section along U.S. Highway 25E. 53 IV. Lithologic description of facies and their interpreted depositional environments. 60, 61 V. Stratigraphy at Maysville. 66 - v - I INTRODUCTION This f ield trip will cover about 1400 miles (2254 km) in si x days and will take us into six physiographic provinces of the United States (Figure 1 and Table I). We will see considerable stratigraphic and structural variation, and we will visit igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic terranes. Rocks ranging in age from Precambrian through Permian, as well as Quaternary glacial deposits, will be encountered. Although our primary objective will be the general geology of the region, several of the stops will focus on economic geology. * * * * * * - Day 1 - Columbus, Ohio to Princeton, West Virginia + 275 miles (443 km) We will start the day on Devonian bedrock in glaciated central Ohio and will cross till plains of the Central Lowlands Province (figs. 2 and 4). Glacial features are present and we will examine evidence of the pre-glacial Teays drainage system (Fig. 3). Much of the day will be spent crossing Paleozoic beds of the Appalachian Plateaus Province. A visit will be made to a large coal-burning electrical generating plant. Major Stops 1. Glacial boundary and Teays drainage (figs. 2 and 3) 2. Pennsylvanian/Mississippian regional unconformity 3. Permian/Pennsylvanian unconformity 4. John E. Amos electrical generating plant 5. Cyclic coal deposits of the Pennsylvanian (Fig. 6) 6. Weathering features of Pennsylvanian and Mississippian rocks 1 of the UNITED STAT ES Minicllllrr £diliorl My A. K. Lobet:k m~. Ghograp~iral 'r••• , .... _ of <nuJJI",u UNIHllIiIn, .4"' ...... .r HAlROf\D Sulo.."..--t-_ " ..... _-- ~_.". ._ Figure 1. Physiographic diagram of the United States. '" (modified) Table 1. Physiographic areas of the United States (modified from Bloom, 1978) 1• Division Province Section Visited Laurentian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama
    Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 524-C Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama By JOHN T. HACK SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 524-C Theories of landscape origin are compared using as an example an area of gently dipping rocks that differ in their resistance to erosion UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract___________________________________________ C1 Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim as a system in Introduction_______________________________________ 1 equilibrium______________________________________ C7 General description of area___________________________ 1 Valleys and coves of the Cumberland Escarpment___ 7 Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim as dissected and Surficial deposits of the Highland Rim____________ 10 deformed peneplains _____________________ ,... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Elk River profile_______________________________ 12 Objections to the peneplain theory____________________ 5 Paint Rock Creek profile________________________ 14 Eastern Highland Rim Plateau as a modern peneplain__ 6 Conclusions________________________________________ 14 Equilibrium concept
    [Show full text]
  • Transportation and Economic Potential in the Arctic Woods, K
    NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Transportation and economic potential in the Arctic Woods, K. B.; Legget, R. F. This publication could be one of several versions: author’s original, accepted manuscript or the publisher’s version. / La version de cette publication peut être l’une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l’auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l’éditeur. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: Traffic Quarterly, 14, pp. 435-458, 1960-12-01 NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=35ca3993-c5a1-47bc-94ba-3bbe04114bca https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=35ca3993-c5a1-47bc-94ba-3bbe04114bca Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées.
    [Show full text]
  • Knoxville Area Per Capita Income Was $37,864, a 5.6 Percent Increase
    Income In 2012, Knox County’s per capita personal income (PCPI) was eighth highest in the state at $38,752, a decrease of less than one percent from 2011, while at the MSA level, Knoxville Area per capita income was $37,864, a 5.6 percent increase. In 2012, state PCPI grew 5.9 percent to $38,734. Th e 2003 to 2012 average annual growth rate of PCPI in Knox County was 3.0 percent. Taxes Residential property in Tennessee is assessed at 25 percent of appraised value, and commercial/industrial property is assessed at 40 percent. Th e current property tax rate Facts & Figures for Knox County residents is $2.32 per $100 assessed value. Th e assessment in the City of Knoxville is $2.39 per $100. City residents pay both property taxes. 2014 TRANSPORTATON State sales tax is 5.5 percent on food and food ingredients and Airlines ...............................................................6 7 percent on all other tangible Allegiant Air, American Eagle, Delta, personal property. Th e local rate, Frontier, United Express, USAirways Express Location and Climate Daily fl ights ........................over 140 per day applicable countywide, is 2.25 percent, bringing the total sales Founded in 1791 where the French Broad and Holston Rivers meet to form the Air Passengers ..............................1,676,374 tax in Knox County to 9.25 Tennessee River, Knoxville is the largest city in East Tennessee, ranking third percent. About 60 percent of the statewide with a metropolitan population of 852,715. Last year the Knoxville Air Services - 2013 local portion goes to the Knox County School system, the remainder dedicated to metropolitan statistical area, as defi ned by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 40. Appalachian Planation Surfaces
    Chapter 40 Appalachian Planation Surfaces The Appalachian region not only includes the mountains, but also the surrounding provinces. During the erosion episode (see Chapter 8 and Appendix 4), rocks of the Appalachians were sometimes planed into a flat or nearly flat planation surface, especially on the provinces east and west of the Blue Ridge Mountains (Figure 40.1). But planation surfaces are also found in the Appalachian Mountains, mainly on the mountaintops. Figure 40.1. Map of the Appalachian provinces and the two provinces to the west (from Aadland et al., 1992). Due to their rolling and dissected morphology, the Appalachian provinces are rarely called planation surfaces, but they would mostly be erosion surfaces. I will continue to use the more descriptive term, planation surface, with the understanding that many of these are erosion surfaces. The Appalachian provinces exhibit three possible planation surfaces, from east to west, they include: (1) the Piedmont Province, (2) the accordant mountaintops of the Valley and Ridge Province (part of the Appalachian Mountains), and (3) the Appalachian Plateau which is divided into the Allegheny Plateau in the north and the Cumberland Plateau in the south. I also will include the Interior Low Plateaus Province to the west of the Appalachian Plateau. Many articles have been published about the Appalachian planation surface. Their origin is controversial among secular geologists, but they can readily be explained by the runoff of the global Genesis Flood. Figure 40.2. Lake on the Piedmont near Parkersville, South Carolina, showing general flatness of the terrain. The Piedmont Planation Surface The Piedmont Province begins just east of the Blue Ridge Mountains from the Hudson River in the north to Alabama in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • Topography Along the Virginia-Kentucky Border
    Preface: Topography along the Virginia-Kentucky border. It took a long time for the Appalachian Mountain range to attain its present appearance, but no one was counting. Outcrops found at the base of Pine Mountain are Devonian rock, dating back 400 million years. But the rocks picked off the ground around Lexington, Kentucky, are even older; this limestone is from the Cambrian period, about 600 million years old. It is the same type and age rock found near the bottom of the Grand Canyon in Colorado. Of course, a mountain range is not created in a year or two. It took them about 400 years to obtain their character, and the Appalachian range has a lot of character. Geologists tell us this range extends from Alabama into Canada, and separates the plains of the eastern seaboard from the low-lying valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Some subdivide the Appalachians into the Piedmont Province, the Blue Ridge, the Valley and Ridge area, and the Appalachian plateau. We also learn that during the Paleozoic era, the site of this mountain range was nothing more than a shallow sea; but during this time, as sediments built up, and the bottom of the sea sank. The hinge line between the area sinking, and the area being uplifted seems to have shifted gradually westward. At the end of the Paleozoric era, the earth movement are said to have reversed, at which time the horizontal layers of the rock were uplifted and folded, and for the next 200 million years the land was eroded, which provided material to cover the surrounding areas, including the coastal plain.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Regions of Minnesota: Level III and IV Maps and Descriptions Denis White March 2020
    Ecological Regions of Minnesota: Level III and IV maps and descriptions Denis White March 2020 (Image NOAA, Landsat, Copernicus; Presentation Google Earth) A contribution to the corpus of materials created by James Omernik and colleagues on the Ecological Regions of the United States, North America, and South America The page size for this document is 9 inches horizontal by 12 inches vertical. Table of Contents Content Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Geographic patterns in Minnesota 1 Geographic location and notable features 1 Climate 1 Elevation and topographic form, and physiography 2 Geology 2 Soils 3 Presettlement vegetation 3 Land use and land cover 4 Lakes, rivers, and watersheds; water quality 4 Flora and fauna 4 3. Methods of geographic regionalization 5 4. Development of Level IV ecoregions 6 5. Descriptions of Level III and Level IV ecoregions 7 46. Northern Glaciated Plains 8 46e. Tewaukon/BigStone Stagnation Moraine 8 46k. Prairie Coteau 8 46l. Prairie Coteau Escarpment 8 46m. Big Sioux Basin 8 46o. Minnesota River Prairie 9 47. Western Corn Belt Plains 9 47a. Loess Prairies 9 47b. Des Moines Lobe 9 47c. Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Drift Plains 9 47g. Lower St. Croix and Vermillion Valleys 10 48. Lake Agassiz Plain 10 48a. Glacial Lake Agassiz Basin 10 48b. Beach Ridges and Sand Deltas 10 48d. Lake Agassiz Plains 10 49. Northern Minnesota Wetlands 11 49a. Peatlands 11 49b. Forested Lake Plains 11 50. Northern Lakes and Forests 11 50a. Lake Superior Clay Plain 12 50b. Minnesota/Wisconsin Upland Till Plain 12 50m. Mesabi Range 12 50n. Boundary Lakes and Hills 12 50o.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Estillville Sheet
    DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTILLVILLE SHEET. GEOGRAPHY. ward across the States of Illinois and Indiana. course to the Ohio. South of Chattanooga the ment among the high points on Wallin Ridge, the Its eastern boundary is sharply defined by the streams flow directly to the Gulf of Mexico. even crest of Stone Mountain, and the summit of General relations. The territory represented Alleghany front and ..the Cumberland escarp­ Topography of the Appalachian province. The Powell Mountain west of Slemp Gap. Beyond by the Estillville atlas sheet is one-quarter of a ment. The rocks of this division are almost different divisions of the province vary much in Big Black Mountain, with its irregular crest, is square degree of the earth's surface, extending entirely of sedimentary origin, and remain very character of topography, as do also different por­ the even summit of Pine Mountain, planed down from latitude 36° 30' on the south to 37° on the nearly horizontal. The character of the surface, tions of the same division. This variation of top­ to the general height of the valley ridges. The north, and from longitude 82° 30' on the east to which is dependent on the character and attitude ographic forms is due to several conditions, which peneplain was originally very nearly horizontal, 83° on the west. Its average width is 27.7 miles, of the rocks, is that of a plateau more or less com­ either prevail at present or have prevailed in the but it has been tilted, so that now it varies in ele­ its length is 34.5 miles, and its area is 956.6 pletely worn down.
    [Show full text]
  • East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 Lrrs N and S
    East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 LRRs N and S Brad D. Lee and John M. Kabrick 12.1 Introduction snowfall occurs annually in the Ozark Highlands, the Springfield Plateau, and the St. Francois Knobs and Basins The central, unglaciated US east of the Great Plains to the MLRAs. In the southern half of the region, snowfall is Atlantic coast corresponds to the area covered by LRR N uncommon. (East and Central Farming and Forest Region) and S (Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region). These regions roughly correspond to the Interior Highlands, Interior Plains, 12.2.2 Physiography Appalachian Highlands, and the Northern Coastal Plains. The topography of this region ranges from broad, gently rolling plains to steep mountains. In the northern portion of 12.2 The Interior Highlands this region, much of the Springfield Plateau and the Ozark Highlands is a dissected plateau that includes gently rolling The Interior Highlands occur within the western portion of plains to steeply sloping hills with narrow valleys. Karst LRR N and includes seven MLRAs including the Ozark topography is common and the region has numerous sink- Highlands (116A), the Springfield Plateau (116B), the St. holes, caves, dry stream valleys, and springs. The region also Francois Knobs and Basins (116C), the Boston Mountains includes many scenic spring-fed rivers and streams con- (117), Arkansas Valley and Ridges (118A and 118B), and taining clear, cold water (Fig. 12.2). The elevation ranges the Ouachita Mountains (119). This region comprises from 90 m in the southeastern side of the region and rises to 176,000 km2 in southern Missouri, northern and western over 520 m on the Springfield Plateau in the western portion Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee
    The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1620 . II • r ,j • • ~1 =1 i1 .. ·~ II .I '1 .ill ~ I ... ... II 'II .fi :. I !~ ...1 . ~ !,~ .,~ 'I ~ J ·-=· ..I ·~ tJ 1;1 .. II "'"l ,,'\. d • .... ·~ I 3: ... • J ·~ •• I -' -\1 - I =,. The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee By WILLIAM F. OUTERBRIDGE A highly dissected plateau with narrow valleys, steep slopes, narrow crested ridges, and landslides developed on flat-lying Pennsylvanian shales and subgraywacke sandstone during the past 1.5 million years U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1620 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1987 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Outerbridge, William F. The Logan Plateau, a young physiographic region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1620) Bibliography: p. 18. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1620 1. Geomorphology-Logan Plateau. I. Title. II. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1620 557.3 s [551.4'34'0975] 84-600132 [GB566.L6] CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Methods of study 3 Geomorphology 4 Stratigraphy 9 Structure 11 Surficial deposits 11 Distribution of residuum 11 Depth of weathering 11 Soils 11 Landslides 11 Derivative maps of the Logan Plateau and surrounding area 12 History of drainage development since late Tertiary time 13 Summary and conclusions 17 References cited 18 PLATES [Plates are in pocket] 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenic Landforms of Virginia
    Vol. 34 August 1988 No. 3 SCENIC LANDFORMS OF VIRGINIA Harry Webb . Virginia has a wide variety of scenic landforms, such State Highway, SR - State Road, GWNF.R(T) - George as mountains, waterfalls, gorges, islands, water and Washington National Forest Road (Trail), JNFR(T) - wind gaps, caves, valleys, hills, and cliffs. These land- Jefferson National Forest Road (Trail), BRPMP - Blue forms, some with interesting names such as Hanging Ridge Parkway mile post, and SNPMP - Shenandoah Rock, Devils Backbone, Striped Rock, and Lovers Leap, National Park mile post. range in elevation from Mt. Rogers at 5729 feet to As- This listing is primarily of those landforms named on sateague and Tangier islands near sea level. Two nat- topographic maps. It is hoped that the reader will advise ural lakes occur in Virginia, Mountain Lake in Giles the Division of other noteworthy landforms in the st& County and Lake Drummond in the City of Chesapeake. that are not mentioned. For those features on private Gaps through the mountains were important routes for land always obtain the owner's permission before vis- early settlers and positions for military movements dur- iting. Some particularly interesting features are de- ing the Civil War. Today, many gaps are still important scribed in more detail below. locations of roads and highways. For this report, landforms are listed alphabetically Dismal Swamp (see Chesapeake, City of) by county or city. Features along county lines are de- The Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia, scribed in only one county with references in other ap- is about 10 to 11 miles wide and 15 miles long, and propriate counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Cross Section C–C' Through the Appalachian Basin from Erie
    Geologic Cross Section C–C’ Through the Appalachian Basin From Erie County, North-Central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge Province, Bedford County, South-Central Pennsylvania By Robert T. Ryder, Michael H. Trippi, Christopher S. Swezey, Robert D. Crangle, Jr., Rebecca S. Hope, Elisabeth L. Rowan, and Erika E. Lentz Scientific Investigations Map 3172 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Ryder, R.T., Trippi, M.H., Swezey, C.S. Crangle, R.D., Jr., Hope, R.S., Rowan, E.L., and Lentz, E.E., 2012, Geologic cross section C–C’ through the Appalachian basin from Erie County, north-central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge province, Bedford County, south-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3172, 2 sheets, 70-p.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Strategic and Structural Evolution of the Talladega Slate Belt, Alabama Appalachians
    fl d029-08 1st pgs page 1 The Geological Society of America Field Guide 29 2012 Overview of the stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Talladega slate belt, Alabama Appalachians James F. Tull* Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University Clinton I. Barineau* Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Columbus State University ABSTRACT The allochthonous Talladega belt of eastern-northeastern Alabama and north- western Georgia is a northeast striking, fault bounded block of lower greenschist facies metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks that formed along the margin of Lau- rentia at or outboard of the seaward edge of the Alabama promontory. Bounded by metamorphic rocks of the higher grade Neoproterozoic(?) to Carboniferous eastern Blue Ridge on the southeast and unmetamorphosed to anchimetamorphic Paleozoic rocks of the Appalachian foreland on the northwest, the Talladega belt includes shelf facies rocks of the latest Neoproterozoic/earliest Cambrian Kahatchee Mountain Group, Cambrian-Ordovician Sylacauga Marble Group, and the latest Silurian(?) to uppermost Devonian/earliest Mississippian Talladega Group. Along the southeast- ern fl ank of these metasedimentary sequences, a Middle Ordovician back-arc terrane (Hillabee Greenstone) was tectonically emplaced along a cryptic pre-metamorphic thrust fault (Hillabee thrust) and subsequently dismembered with units of the upper Talladega Group along the post-metamorphic Hollins Line fault system. Importantly, strata within the Talladega belt are critical for understanding the tectonic evolution of the southern Appalachian orogen when coupled with the geologic history of adjacent terranes. Rocks of the lower Talladega Group, the Lay Dam Formation, suggest latest Silurian-earliest Devonian tectonism that is only now being recognized in other areas of the southern Appalachians.
    [Show full text]