GEOLOGY of the SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 12-17, Augusl / By: D

GEOLOGY of the SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 12-17, Augusl / By: D

,ts "-US "-J,JI t.\ "'. FIELD EXCURSION 2, GUIDEBOOK GEOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS 12-17, Augusl / By: D. E. Pride, and R. O. Ulgard AP 1 ru86 GOLDTHWAfT POLAR liBRARY INSTlTU7E ('" OlAR STUDIES TI'r I ~T. [UNIVERSITY • l: • I <'IlL ,'_210 USA SIXTH GONDWANA SYMPOSIUM 19-23 August, 1985 The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Field Excursion #2 GUIDE BOOK Geology of the Southern Appalachian Mountains 12-17 August, 1985 by: D.E. Pride and R.O. Utgard This is Miscellaneous Publication #225, of the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University Sixth Gondwana Symposium 19-23 August, 1985 The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio New York : "-"-" '-,. L--- .. - " - 1 ---T--- i I Ohio I Pennsylvania I r:! I / L. __ -------::---------- Chillicothe : \ / -- __. '"'_ _ ._J : / \./'\., . :--I f) -- " -V-" --1W. Virginia r: : \ ).. :1\..: .r--'--- -- .J--j - \ / 1 princ~ Virginia Kentucky Cumberland ./ '"",,-: " Fall. /' .' - "- "-"-"-"- '''-.. .. ..- .. - .. ... .. ..... _ _ _ .. Mt.Airy Knoxville I J N. Wilkesboro Tennessee /-.../"' .. .. _-- N. Carolina .... _ •• _ Ducktown ,.J MOi9ie Volley .. / -"--. ", -- -"' "'r: ~ .. - .. ", Alabama \ Georgia \" S. Carolina "" \ \ " o . mi 250 I i I o km 400 TRIP RJUI'E - FIELD EXCURSION 2 , SOUIHERN APPALAOiIANS CONTENTS P~~~ List of Fi gures ........................................................................................ .. 111 List of Tables......................................................................................... v Oay 1 Columbus. OH to Princeton. WV Major Stops ••••••••••.•••••.••••••••••••.••••••••.• 1 Teays Drainage •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••...•••• 4 References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 6 Appalachian Plateau •••••••••.•••.•••••••••••••••.•• 6 References •••• •• ••••••••.••. •• ••••••••• • ••••••••• 10 John E. Amos Plant •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ·••• 10 Day 2 Princeton. WV. to N. Wilkesboro, NC Major Stops ••••.••••.•••••.•••.••••••.••••••••••••• 13 Ridge and Valley Province ••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••• 14 Blue Ridge Province •••••••.•••••••••••••.•••.•••••• 18 References ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 Mt. Airy Granite Quarry ••• • •••••••••..•.••••••••••• 19 References •••••.•••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••• 20 Brevard Zone ••••..•••••••••••• ••• •• •••••••••••••••• 21 References •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.••.•• 22 Day 3 N. Wilkesboro, NC to Maggie Valley. NC Major Stops ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 24 Blue Ridge Parkway ••••••••.•••••• • ••••••••••••••••• 25 Grandfather Mountain Window •••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 Reference ••••• • ...•• •• •••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••• 26 Spruce Pine District ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 Dunite Deposits ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••.•••• 29 References ••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••••• 30 Day 4 Maggie Valley, NC to Knoxville. TN Maj or Stops......................................... 35 Great Smoky Mountains •••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••• 36 Geology •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 Reference •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 Murphy Marble Belt ••••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••• •• 39 References ••••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 39 • Ducktown Mining District •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 Origin of the Deposits ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41 References •••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 43 Ocoee Gorge •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••.••• 44 References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44 i Day 5 Knoxville, TN to Cumberland Falls, KY Major Stops •...•.••••.•..•.••..•...•.•••.•••.•....• 46 Zinc Deposits of the Mascot-Jefferson City District, Tennessee ••••••••••••.••••••••••••. 47 References ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•• 48 Thorn Hill Section ••••..•..••••.•••••..•.•••••••.•• 52 References •••••••.•••..••••••...•••..••......••.. 55 P; ne Mountai n Overthrust •.......................•.. 55 References ...••..•..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Day 6 Cumberland Falls, KY to Columbus, Ohio Major Stops ........................................ 58 Carboniferous Stratigraphy ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 59 References •••........•........••.••••••••.••••••• 59 Lexington Plain - Bluegrass Region ••••••••••.•••••• 65 Ordovician Fossils ••••..•••.••••••...•.••.•••.••••• 66 References •••.••.•.....•.•...•..••••.•••.••••..•. 66 - i i - List of Figures 1. Physiographic diagram of the United States ••••••••• 2 2. Glacial deposits of Ohio ••.•••.••••.•••..••.••.•••. 5 3. Teays drainage .................................... 7 4. Geologic map and cross section of Ohio ••••••••.•.•• 8 5. Generalized rock column for Ohio ••••••••••••••••.•. 9 6. eyel othem ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••..••• 12 7. Geologic columns for eastern Tennessee and southwestern Virginia •••••••.•••..••.•••.••.•.••• 15 8. Relation between lithology and topography in the Valley and Ridge •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•• 16 9. Geologic sketch map of Ridge and Valley Province from Glen Lyn to Sylvatus ••••.•••••••••••.••••••• 17 10. Major geologic belts in western North Carolina and adjacent parts of Tennessee •••••..••••••••••• 21 11. Geologic map of Grandfather Mountain window and vicinity •........................................ 27 12. Geologic section of Grandfather Mountain window and Brevard Zone, along line A_A' on Figure ll ••••••• 28 13. Generalized geologic map of part of the Spruce Pine Synclinorium ..................................... 31 14. General geology of the region encompassing Spruce Pine and Chalk Mountain ••.•••••••••••.••••••••••• 32 15. General geology of the region encompassing the Harris Clay Co. pit ••••••••••••.••••••.•••••••.•. 33 16. Geologic map of Day Book dunite deposit, four miles north of Burnsville, North Carolina •••••••••••••• 34 17. Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and vicinity, Tennessee and North Carolina •• 38 18. Structural and Stratigraphic relationships in north-central Georgia and southern Tennessee ••••• 40 19. Stratigraphic column for rocks of the Murphy Marble Belt in western North Carolina and northern Georgia .......................................... 40 20. Map showing surface projection of ore bodies in the Copper Basin, Ducktown mining district, Tennessee 42 21. Distribution and metamorphic characters of rocks in the Ocoee Gorge from Ducktown to Parksville, Tennessee •...•••••.••••••••.•••••..•••••.•••..•.. 45 22. Generalized stratigraphic section and principal ore zone at the Jefferson City mine ••••.••••••••••••• 50 23. Generalized section through a portion of the Jefferson City mine showing the different types of breccia ore •..•.••.••••.••••...•.....•••.••••.••• 51 24. Thrust faults in the Ridge and Valley of north­ eastern Tennessee, including the Thorn Hill Section •...........•••.•.•••.••........•.....•.•• 54 - iii - List of Figures (con't) 25. A. Structure section of the Pine Mountain thrust; B. Path of faulting through the Stratigraphic column, as seen before thrusting •.•.••••••••••••• 56 26. Kinematic evolution of regional bedding-plane "ramped " thrusting •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 57 27. Upper delta-plain model •••••..•.••..•..•.•••.•.•••• 62 28. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of Carboniferous rocks •.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63 29. Structural features of Kentucky •••••••••••••••••••• 64 30. Physiographic areas of the Bluegrass Region •••••••• 65 31. Stratigraphy in the Maysville area •••••••••••••••• 67 - i v - List of Tables Page I . Physiographic areas of the United States. 3 II. Stratigraphic units of the Great Smoky Series of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 37 III. Ages and thicknesses of stratigraphic units in Thorn Hill Section along U.S. Highway 25E. 53 IV. Lithologic description of facies and their interpreted depositional environments. 60, 61 V. Stratigraphy at Maysville. 66 - v - I INTRODUCTION This f ield trip will cover about 1400 miles (2254 km) in si x days and will take us into six physiographic provinces of the United States (Figure 1 and Table I). We will see considerable stratigraphic and structural variation, and we will visit igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic terranes. Rocks ranging in age from Precambrian through Permian, as well as Quaternary glacial deposits, will be encountered. Although our primary objective will be the general geology of the region, several of the stops will focus on economic geology. * * * * * * - Day 1 - Columbus, Ohio to Princeton, West Virginia + 275 miles (443 km) We will start the day on Devonian bedrock in glaciated central Ohio and will cross till plains of the Central Lowlands Province (figs. 2 and 4). Glacial features are present and we will examine evidence of the pre-glacial Teays drainage system (Fig. 3). Much of the day will be spent crossing Paleozoic beds of the Appalachian Plateaus Province. A visit will be made to a large coal-burning electrical generating plant. Major Stops 1. Glacial boundary and Teays drainage (figs. 2 and 3) 2. Pennsylvanian/Mississippian regional unconformity 3. Permian/Pennsylvanian unconformity 4. John E. Amos electrical generating plant 5. Cyclic coal deposits of the Pennsylvanian (Fig. 6) 6. Weathering features of Pennsylvanian and Mississippian rocks 1 of the UNITED STAT ES Minicllllrr £diliorl My A. K. Lobet:k m~. Ghograp~iral 'r••• , .... _ of <nuJJI",u UNIHllIiIn, .4"' ...... .r HAlROf\D Sulo.."..--t-_ " ..... _-- ~_.". ._ Figure 1. Physiographic diagram of the United States. '" (modified) Table 1. Physiographic areas of the United States (modified from Bloom, 1978) 1• Division Province Section Visited Laurentian

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