DOCSLIB.ORG

Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 Issues and Options Draft November 2019 Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 – Issues and Options Draft 2019 1 Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 – Issues and Options Draft 2019 2 Copeland Borough Council Local Plan Issues and Options consultation document for public comment This discussion document is available for comment until Monday 20th January 2020. To view and download an electronic copy of this Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035: Issues and Options Draft, please visit the Copeland Borough Council website: www.copeland.gov.uk. The document can also be viewed at all libraries in the borough and the Copeland Borough Council offices. Please make any comments on the accompanying questionnaire and return to: Strategic Planning Copeland Borough Council The Copeland Centre Catherine Street Whitehaven Cumbria CA28 7SJ Email: [email protected] Telephone: 01946 598435 Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 – Issues and Options Draft 2019 3 CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8 A spatial portrait of Copeland ....................................................................................................... 12 Local Plan Vision ............................................................................................................................ 14 Local Plan Objectives .................................................................................................................... 15 Development Strategy .................................................................................................................. 19 Housing ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Economy and Employment ........................................................................................................... 69 Nuclear .......................................................................................................................................... 78 Retail and Leisure .......................................................................................................................... 81 Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 109 Tourist Accommodation ......................................................................................................... 113 Climate and Coastal Change ................................................................................................... 119 Natural Environment............................................................................................................... 133 Built Environment ................................................................................................................... 153 Contributions (Planning Obligations) ...................................................................................... 160 Transport ................................................................................................................................. 168 Communications ..................................................................................................................... 177 Healthy Communities .............................................................................................................. 181 Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 – Issues and Options Draft 2019 4 Table 1: Local Plan Topics ....................................................................................................................... 8 Table 2: Local Plan Evidence Base ......................................................................................................... 10 Table 3: Housing Strategy Priorities ...................................................................................................... 42 Table 4: Housing Delivery 2009/10-2018/19 ........................................................................................ 43 Table 5: Housing Requirement Scenarios ............................................................................................. 44 Table 6: Unauthorised Gypsy & Traveller Encampments ..................................................................... 52 Table 7: Dwellings by number of bedrooms 2011 ................................................................................ 56 Table 8: Dwellings by Type .................................................................................................................... 56 Table 9: FTE Growth in Cumbria by District – Experian Forecasts June 2019 ....................................... 71 Table 10: FTE Growth in Cumbria by District - Past Trends Projection - Development Economics Estimates ............................................................................................................................................... 71 Table 11: Natura 2000 Sites ................................................................................................................ 134 Table 12: Sites of Special Scientific Interest (Habitats) ....................................................................... 136 Table 13: SSSI Sites of Geological Importance within Copeland ......................................................... 143 Table 14: Classification of Bathing Waters in Copeland 2018 ............................................................ 145 Table 15: River ecological Status or potential South West Lakes Catchment .................................... 145 Table 16: River chemical Status South West Lakes Catchment .......................................................... 146 Table 17: Groundwater Classification 2016 ........................................................................................ 146 Table 18: Education Provision ............................................................................................................. 188 List of Figures Figure 1: Local Plan Timetable ................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 2: Settlement services and 1km buffer – North Copeland ........................................................ 25 Figure 3: Settlement Services and 1km buffer - South Copeland ......................................................... 26 Figure 4: Potential Areas for Growth - Whitehaven ............................................................................. 33 Figure 5: Potential Growth Options - Cleator Moor ............................................................................. 34 Figure 6: Potential Growth Options - Egremont ................................................................................... 35 Figure 7: Potential Growth Options - Millom........................................................................................ 36 Figure 8: Housing Requirement options compared to annual average completions ........................... 45 Figure 9: Housing requirement options compared to past completions by year ................................. 45 Figure 10: Job Distribution in Copeland by sector (%) .......................................................................... 70 Figure 11: Cumbria LIS .......................................................................................................................... 72 Figure 12: Whitehaven Use Class Split .................................................................................................. 83 Figure 13: Current Whitehaven Town Centre Boundary ...................................................................... 84 Figure 15: Question R1 Option 3 ........................................................................................................... 86 Figure 14: Question R1 Option 2 ........................................................................................................... 86 Figure 16: Question R1 Option 4 ........................................................................................................... 86 Figure 17: Cleator Moor Use Class Splits 2018 (see appendix x for use class definitions) ................... 87 Figure 18: Egremont Use Class Splits 2018 (see appendix x for use class definitions) ......................... 87 Figure 19: Millom Use Class Splits 2018 (see appendix x for use class definitions) ............................. 88 Figure 20: Egremont Town Centre Boundary ....................................................................................... 89 Figure 21: Millom Town Centre Boundary ............................................................................................ 89 Figure 22: Cleator Moor Town Centre Boundary.................................................................................. 89 Figure 23: Whitehaven Primary Frontage ............................................................................................. 91 Figure 24: Occupancy in Whitehaven Town Centre 2012-2018 ........................................................... 93 Figure 25: North West SMP Area ........................................................................................................ 128 Copeland Local Plan 2017-2035 – Issues and Options Draft 2019 5 Figure 26: Natura 2000 Sites in Copeland ........................................................................................... 135 Figure 27: Marine Conservation Zone ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • West Cumbria Water Supplies Project – Thirlmere Transfer United Utilities Plc
    West Cumbria Water Supplies Project – Thirlmere Transfer United Utilities plc Planning, Design and Access Statement Revision | 1 24 March 2016 Planning, Design and Access Statement West Cumbria Water Supplies – Thirlmere Transfer Project no: B2707061 Document title: Planning, Design and Access Statement Revision: 1 Date: 24 March, 2016 Client name: United Utilities plc Jacobs U.K. Limited 5 First Street Manchester M15 4GU United Kingdom T +44 (0)161 235 6000 F +44 (0)161 235 6001 www.jacobs.com © Copyright 2016 Jacobs U.K. Limited. The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Jacobs. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Jacobs constitutes an infringement of copyright. Limitation: This report has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of Jacobs’ Client, and is subject to, and issued in accordance with, the provisions of the contract between Jacobs and the Client. Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this report by any third party. ii Planning, Design and Access Statement Contents Executive Summary ...................... ....................................................................................................................vii 1. Background and Approach .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ......................... ................... ................... ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Led Plan 2019 – 2024
    The Community Plan and Action Plan for Millom Without Parish Community Led Plan 2019 – 2024 1 1. About Our Parish Millom Without Parish Council is situated in the Copeland constituency of South West Cumbria. The Parish footprint is both in the Lake District National Park or within what is regarded as the setting of the Lake District National Park. This picturesque area is predominately pastoral farmland, open fell and marshland. Within its boundary are the villages of The Green, The Hill, Lady Hall and Thwaites. On the North West side, shadowed by Black Combe, is the Whicham Valley and to the South the Duddon Estuary. On its borders are the villages of Silecroft, Kirksanton, Haverigg, Broughton in Furness, Foxfield, Kirkby in Furness, Ireleth, Askam and the town of Millom. On the horizon are the Lake District Fells which include Coniston, Langdale and Scafell Ranges and is the gateway to Ulpha, Duddon and Lickle Valleys. Wordsworth wrote extensively of the Duddon, a river he knew and loved from his early years. The Parish has approximately 900 Residents. The main industry in this and surrounding areas is tourism and its relevant services. Farming is also predominant and in Millom there are a number of small industrial units. The Parish is also home to Ghyll Scaur Quarry. 2. Our Heritage Millom Without is rich in sites of both historic and environmental interest. Historic features include an important and spectacular bronze age stone circle at Swinside, the Duddon Iron furnace, and Duddon Bridge. The landscape of Millom Without includes the Duddon estuary and the views up to the Western and Central Lake District Fells.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyth Valley FIR Final Draft V4 (Pdf 1.9KB)
    Lyth Valley Draft Flood Investigation Report Ulpha Pumping Station, Lyth Valley Flood Event 5th – 6th December 2015 This flood investigation report has been produced by the Environment Agency as a key Risk Management Authority under Section 19 of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 in partnership with Cumbria County Council as Lead Local Flood Authority. Environment Agency Cumbria County Council Version Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by Date Draft for Richard James Jaime Ball Ruth Goodall October 2016 comment Revised Draft Richard James Jaime Ball Ruth Goodall October 2016 Ruth Forrester, EA Dale Gibbons, EA Draft v3.0 Richard James Doug Coyle March 2017 Andy Knipe, EA Jonathan Coates, EA Lyth Valley Water Draft v4.0 Dale Gibbons Level Management Doug Coyle Aug 2017 Advisory Group th th 2 Flood Investigation Report: Lyth Valley (5 - 6 December 2015) Environment Agency Cumbria County Council Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Scope of this Report .................................................................................................................................... 6 Site Background .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Existing Flood Defences
    [Show full text]
  • West Cumbria Water Supply Project
    West Cumbria Water Supplies Project– Thirlmere Transfer United Utilities plc Supplementary Information Volume 2 Planning Application Consultation Responses Revision | 0 29 July 2016 Supplementary Information Volume 2 Planning Application Consultation Responses West Cumbria Water Supplies Project - Thirlmere Transfer Project no: B2707061 Document title: Supplementary Information Volume 2 Planning Application Consultation Responses Revision: 0 Date: 29 July 2016 Client name: United Utilities plc Jacobs U.K. Limited 5 First Street Manchester M15 4GU United Kingdom T +44 (0)161 235 6000 F +44 (0)161 235 6001 www.jacobs.com © Copyright 2016 Jacobs U.K. Limited. The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Jacobs. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Jacobs constitutes an infringement of copyright. Limitation: This report has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of Jacobs’ Client, and is subject to, and issued in accordance with, the provisions of the contract between Jacobs and the Client. Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this report by any third party. i Supplementary Information Volume 2 Planning Application Consultation Responses Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Consultation Responses .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices to the Appraisal of Sustainability Site Report for Braystones
    Appendices to the Appraisal of Sustainability Site Report for Braystones EN-6: Revised Draft National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation Planning for new energy infrastructure October 2010 Appendices to the Appraisal of Sustainability Site Report For Braystones Appraisal of Sustainability of the revised draft Nuclear National Policy Statement The Appraisal of Sustainability (AoS), incorporating Strategic Environmental Assessment, of the draft Nuclear National Policy Statement (Nuclear NPS) has been undertaken at a strategic level. It considers the effects of the proposed policy at a national level and the sites to be assessed for their suitability for the deployment of new nuclear power stations by 2025. These strategic appraisals are part of an ongoing assessment process that started in March 2008 and, following completion of this AoS, will continue with project level assessments when developers make applications for development consent in relation to specific projects. Applications for development consents to the Infrastructure Planning Commission will need to be accompanied by an Environmental Statement having been the subject of a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment. The AoS/SEA Reports are presented in the following documents: AoS Non-Technical Summary Main AoS Report of revised draft Nuclear NPS Introduction Approach and Methods Alternatives Radioactive Waste Findings Summary of Sites Technical Appendices Annexes to Main AoS Report: Reports on Sites Site AoS Reports Technical Appendices All documents are available on the website of the Department of Energy and Climate Change at http://www.energynpsconsultation.decc.gov.uk This document is the Appendices to the Appraisal of Sustainability Site Report for Braystones. These appendices have been prepared by the Department of Energy and Climate Change with expert input from a team of specialist planning and environmental consultancies led by MWH UK Ltd with Enfusion Ltd, Nicholas Pearsons Associates Ltd, Studsvik UK Ltd and Metoc plc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baptists and the Cumbrian Religious Censuses
    169 THE BAPTISTS AND THE CUMBRIAN RELIGIOUS CENSUSES The following paper deals with the Baptists in the modern county of cumbria, that is since 1974 the former counties of Cumber land and Westmorland, the district known as Lancashire North-of-the-Sands which is cut off from the rest of the parent county by Morecambe Bay, and a small part of the West Riding of Yorkshire (principally Sedbergh and Dent) which comprised a salient into Westmorland on a level with Kendal. Until 1856 the northern half of Cumbria was under the Diocese of Carlisle, last bastion against the Presbyterian Scots, the southern half under the vast rambling Diocese of Chester, with that most reluctantly Cumbrian area known as Alston Moor in the far east under Durham and later Newcastle. The 1856 formation of the new Diocese of Carlisle brought a religious unity (Alston apart) which was not reflected in administrative circles for one hun­ dred and eighteen years, Cumbria being the most north-westerly English county containing within it the Lake District in the centre (roughly half a.million acres) but the outer ring of coast; .dale and moorland amounting to well over twice this amount. In a county not famed for the numbers of religious adherents and where the Established Church ~ailed to make a significant impression, it was not surprising that the Baptists remained one of the smallest of the Dissenting denominations in Cumbria. The great success of the Quakers in parts of Cumbria during the later 17th century was a response on the part of the iso­ lated and stubbornly independent countrymen to a sect fostering their indifference to Church authority (itself a response to Anglican neglect) and determination to ignore secular govern­ ment.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOUNDARY COMMISSION for ENGLAND ELECTORAL REVIEW of COPELAND Final Recommendations for Ward Boundaries in T
    SHEET 1, MAP 1 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOUNDARY COMMISSION FOR ENGLAND ELECTORAL REVIEW OF COPELAND Final recommendations for ward boundaries in the borough of Copeland August 2018 DISTINGTON, LOWCA & PARTON Sheet 1 of 1 LOWCA CP DISTINGTON CP Boundary alignment and names shown on the mapping background may not be up to date. They may differ from the latest boundary information applied as part of this review. PARTON CP This map is based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Keeper of Public Records © Crown copyright and database right. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and database right. MORESBY The Local Government Boundary Commission for England GD100049926 2018. CP N LAMPLUGH N E ARLECDON AND CP V L A A MORESBY FRIZINGTON CP H R E T T I N G H E KEY TO PARISH WARDS W C D HILLCREST LOWSIDE QUARTER CP S O E WEDDICAR L H L CP A BRAYSTONES E K F B NETHERTOWN WHITEHAVEN L CP I WEDDICAR CP CORKICKLE M C KEEKLE SNECKYEAT D WEDDICAR NORTH C WHITEHAVEN K SOUTH J WHITEHAVEN CP ARLECDON & P MOOR ROW ENNERDALE E CORKICKLE NORTH & BIGRIGG F CORKICKLE SOUTH CLEATOR MOOR CP G HARRAS H HILLCREST I KELLS CLEATOR MOOR J MIREHOUSE EAST K MIREHOUSE WEST L SNECKYEAT NORTH M SNECKYEAT SOUTH ENNERDALE AND N WHITEHAVEN CENTRAL NORTH KINNISIDE CP O WHITEHAVEN CENTRAL SOUTH P WHITEHAVEN SOUTH ST. BEES CP EGREMONT CP ST BEES EGREMONT HAILE CP B LOWSIDE QUARTER CP BECKERMET WASDALE CP PONSONBY A CP BECKERMET CP GOSFORTH GOSFORTH & SEASCALE CP SEASCALE CP ESKDALE CP IRTON WITH SANTON CP DRIGG AND CARLETON CP ULPHA MUNCASTER CP CP BLACK COMBE & SCAFELL WABERTHWAITE CP BOOTLE CP MILLOM WITHOUT CP WHICHAM CP 01 2 4 MILLOM Kilometres MILLOM 1 cm = 0.4340 km CP KEY BOROUGH COUNCIL BOUNDARY PROPOSED WARD BOUNDARY PARISH BOUNDARY PROPOSED PARISH WARD BOUNDARY PROPOSED WARD BOUNDARY COINCIDENT WITH PARISH BOUNDARY PROPOSED WARD BOUNDARY COINCIDENT WITH PROPOSED PARISH WARD BOUNDARY CORKICKLE PROPOSED WARD NAME SEASCALE CP PARISH NAME.
    [Show full text]
  • ED Profile Millom Without
    Millom Without Electoral Division Profile 2015 Overview of Electoral Division Millom Without is an Electoral Division within the District of Copeland. It is one of the larger geographical electoral divisions along the West coastal strip of Cumbria, with a total population of: 5,587 To the north of the electoral division lie the larger towns of Whitehaven, Workington and Egremont. Not as far north are the well-known nuclear site of providing the main source of employment for the area. Much of the division sits within the Lake District National Park and is home to many tourist attractions of the Western Lake District including Muncaster Castle & Gardens, Hardknott Pass, The Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway, Ravenglass Roman Bath House and West Lakes Adventure located in the Valley of Eskdale. The Division also houses: Drigg, the site of the UK’s national low level radioactive waste repository and the Military of Defence testing range, managed by QinetiQ Haverigg prison, the only prison in Cumbria which holds 632 Category C male prisoners. Hardknott Pass at the far end of the Eskdale Valley which vies with Rosedale Chimney in North Yorkshire for the title of steepest road in England, with both achieving a gradient of 1 in 3 (about 33%). The Dunes at Esk Estuary, & Eskmeals which are sites of Special Scientific Interest, and the Drigg Coastline, a Designated Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Most of the population commute out of the area for employment, but the largest employers in the area are the Low Level Waste Repository, the testing
    [Show full text]
  • L9874 Final Report
    ULPHA MEADOWS, FOULSHAW MOSS NATURE RESERVE, MEATHOP, CUMBRIA Archaeological Rapid Desk-Based Assessment and Evaluation Oxford Archaeology North October 2007 Issue No: 2007-8/723 OA North Job No: L9874 NGR: SD 4594 8216 Planning Ref: 7/2006/5702 Document Title: ULPHA MEADOWS , FOULSHAW MOSS NATURE RESERVE , MEATHOP , C UMBRIA Document Type: Archaeologica l Rapid Desk-Based Assessment and Evaluation Client Name: Cumbria Wildlife Trust Issue Number: 2007-8/723 OA North Job Number: L9874 Planning Reference No 7/2006/5702 National Grid Reference: SD 4594 8216 Prepared by: Andy Bates Position: Project Officer Date: September 2007 Checked by: Stephen Rowland Signed……………………. Position: Project Manager Date: September 2007 Approved by: Alan Lupton Signed……………………. Position: Operations Manager Date: October 2007 Oxford Archaeology North © Oxford Archaeological Unit Ltd (2007) Storey Institute Janus House Meeting House Lane Osney Mead Lancaster Oxford LA1 1TF OX2 0EA t: (0044) 01524 848666 t: (0044) 01865 263800 f: (0044) 01524 848606 f: (0044) 01865 793496 w: www.oxfordarch.co.uk e: [email protected] Oxford Archaeological Unit Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom.
    [Show full text]
  • Ulpha Parish Meeting Ulpha, Broughton in Furness, Cumbria, LA20 6DU Phone: 01229 716613 Email: 19Th February 2017 [email protected]
    Moss Cottage, Ulpha Parish Meeting Ulpha, Broughton In Furness, Cumbria, LA20 6DU Phone: 01229 716613 Email: 19th February 2017 [email protected] Ofgem, 9, Millbank, LONDON, SW1P 3GE Dear Sir / Madam, The Parish Meeting is:- campaigning against the National Grid plan to erect huge pylons within the narrow coastal plain on their preferred route. To enable it’s voice to be heard as part of the consultation. To keep Parishioners informed and enable them to understand and express their views. We wish to respond to respond to the North West Coast Connections Project - on the projects ‘Initial Needs Case and suitability for tendering’ being undertaken by yourselves. Especially to comment on the 400KeV connection south of Moorside. We have a close link with our community, residents, businesses and visitors understanding how the community functions and its various needs, maintaining community cohesion and to improve wellbeing and quality of life. In all why our area is special within the UK. Our knowledge and understanding we believe shows that we can be considered as an Interested Party in the Ofgem Consultation. Ofgem Consultation Themes Is there a technical need for the project? How National Grid have reduced their options to the one being taken forward to the planning consultation Is the project or sections of it suitable for competitive tender? We note with interest Ofgem’s statement: ‘Overall, we consider that a sensible and logical process has been followed to narrow down NGET’s proposed design. However, we consider that the decision between NGET’s favoured use of a tunnel under Morecambe Bay and an alternative approach of using subsea cables around the bay is relatively finely balanced.
    [Show full text]
  • Newman, C.E. 2014 V.1.Pdf
    Mapping the Late Medieval and Post Medieval Landscape of Cumbria Two Volumes Volume 1: Text Caron Egerton Newman Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of History, Classics and Archaeology Newcastle University Submitted: June 2014 Abstract This study is an analysis of the development of rural settlement patterns and field systems in Cumbria from the later medieval period through to the late eighteenth century. It uses documentary, cartographic and archaeological evidence. This evidence is interpreted utilising the techniques of historic landscape characterisation (HLC), map regression and maps created by the author, summarising and synthesising historical and archaeological data. The mapped settlement data, in particular, has been manipulated using tools of graphic analysis available within a Graphical Information System (GIS). The initial product is a digital map of Cumbria in the late eighteenth century, based on the county-scale maps of that period, enhanced with information taken from enclosure maps and awards, and other post medieval cartographic sources. From this baseline, an interpretation of the late medieval landscape was developed by adding information from other data sources, such as place names and documentary evidence. The approach was necessarily top-down and broad brush, in order to provide a landscape-scale, sub-regional view. This both addresses the deficiencies within the standard historical approach to landscape development, and complements such approaches. Standard historical approaches are strong on detail, but can be weak when conclusions based on localised examples are extrapolated and attributed to the wider landscape. The methodology adopted by this study allows those local analyses to be set within a broader landscape context, providing another tool to use alongside more traditional approaches to historic landscape studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Sensor Core Logging (MSCL) and X-Ray Computed Tomography
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NERC Open Research Archive Journal of Applied Geophysics 178 (2020) 104084 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Applied Geophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jappgeo Multi-sensor core logging (MSCL) and X-ray computed tomography imaging of borehole core to aid 3D geological modelling of poorly exposed unconsolidated superficial sediments underlying complex industrial sites: An example from Sellafield nuclear site, UK Nick T. Smith a,b,⁎, James Shreeve c,OliverKurasd a National Nuclear Laboratory, 5th Floor, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park, Warrington WA3 6AE, United Kingdom b Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Roas, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom c Geotek Ltd, 4, Sopwith Way, Deventry, Northamptonshire, NN11 8PB, United Kingdom d British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: The 3D characterisation of geology underlying complex industrial sites such as nuclear plants is problematic due Received 29 March 2019 to the presence of the built infrastructure that restricts or in some cases completely prevents access for geologists Received in revised form 20 May 2020 to the subsurface environment. Outcrops are rare, geophysics surveys are often impossible (particularly at nu- Accepted 21 May 2020 clear plants where activities such as vibroseis are frowned upon due to their effect on the infrastructure itself), Available online 23 May 2020 and boreholes are often the only way to obtain subsurface data. Yet, with sedimentary deposits in particular, geo- technical logging undertaken to specific standards sometimes misses key information that could have been used Keywords: Multi-sensor core logging to directly inform the creation of geological 3D models.
    [Show full text]