The ARDA's Religious Classification Guide

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ARDA LEARNING RESOURCES Religious Classification Guide

The ARDA’s Religious Classification Guide

Learn how the ARDA categorizes religious groups into traditions and families

T ABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: Religion by Tradition Introduction…………..……...... 4 Evangelical Protestant……………...... 5 Mainline Protestant……………...... 5 Black Protestant …...………...... 6 Roman Catholic ……...………...... 6 Orthodox ……...………...... 6 Other ……...………...... 7 Part 2: Religion by Family Introduction………………………...... 9 Adventist Family……………...... 9 Anglicanism Family ……………...... 10 Baptist Family...…...………...... 10 Christian Science Family ……...………...... 11 Communal Family.……...... 11 Congregationalist Family (UCC)...... 11 Eastern Liturgical Family (Orthodox)...... 12 European Free-Church Family...... 12 Holiness Family...... 13 Independent Fundamentalist Family...... 14 Judaism Family...... 14 Latter-day Saints Family...... 14 Liberal Family...... 15 Lutheran Family...... 15 Methodist/Pietist Family...... 15 Other Groups...... 16 Pentecostal Family...... 17 Presbyterian-Reformed Family...... 17 Restorationist Family...... 18

Spiritualist Family...... 18 Western Liturgical Family (Catholicism)...... 18 Appendices Appendix A. Listed Religious Groups by Tradition...... 20 Appendix B. Listed Religious Groups by Family...... 27

Part 1: Religion by Tradition Introduction Christian groups in America are often placed into five main traditions: Evangelical Protestant, Mainline Protestant, Black Protestant, Orthodox and Roman Catholic. There is wide variation within each of these five traditions. The most difficult to classify are the Evangelical and Mainline Protestant, with the evangelical groups being more theologically and socially conservative than the mainline groups. Several sources were used for categorizing the many Christian groups into religious traditions, beginning with an article by Brian Steensland and colleagues entitled "The Measure of American Religion: Toward Improving the State of the Art" published in Social Forces. This article places many of the denomination into one of those traditions. For Christian denominations not included in Steensland and colleagues' scheme, two additional sources were consulted: J. Gordon Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th edition) and Frank S. Mead and Samuel S. Hill's Handbook of Denominations in the United States (12th edition). In addition to those in Steensland and colleagues' classification scheme, the “Other” category was created for Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Jehovah's Witnesses and other religious groups that fall outside of the five main Christian traditions. On the U.S. Congregational Membership Reports, the ARDA also shows a number for the “unclaimed” population, those that are not adherents of any of the religious groups included in the Religious Congregations & Membership Study, 2010.1 Using these sources the staff at the Association of Religion Data Archives (theARDA.com) placed each group into a Religious Tradition.

1 NOTE: This number should not be used as an indicator of irreligion or atheism, as it also includes adherents of groups not included in these data.

Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Protestant denominations and churches emphasize conversion and evangelism, hold biblical authority in high regard and tend to seek more separation from the broader culture. Evangelical Protestantism is usually seen as more theologically and socially conservative than mainline Protestantism, although there is obviously variation among evangelical denominations, congregations and individuals. Evangelical Protestant denominations include the Southern Baptist Convention, Assemblies of God and the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Here are some other examples of Evangelical Protestant groups: • American Baptist Association • Apostolic Christian Church of America, Inc • Churches of Christ • Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) • Church of Nazarene • Evangelical Lutheran Synod • Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran • Evangelical Free Church of America • Presbyterian Church in America • Amish (Mennonite) Mainline Protestant Mainline Protestant denominations typically emphasize a proactive view on issues of social and economic justice and a tolerance of varied individual beliefs. While mainline Protestantism is usually seen as more theologically and socially liberal than evangelical Protestantism, there obviously is variation among mainline denominations, congregations and individuals. Examples of Mainline Protestant denominations include the Presbyterian Church (USA), the United Methodist Church the Reformed Church in America, the Episcopal Church, the United Church of Christ and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Here are some other examples of Mainline Protestant groups: • Reformed Church in America • United Church of Christ • Episcopal Church • Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) • Friends (Quakers) • Metropolitan Community Churches • Moravian Church in America

Black Protestant Historically Black Protestant churches are those that minister to predominantly African American congregations in the United States. The first black churches were founded by free blacks in the 18th century. Historically black churches have long been the centers of communities, serving numerous important functions. While the religious-meaning system and social organization of these denominations are similar to those found in white evangelical denominations, African American Protestants emphasize different aspects of Christian doctrine, especially the importance of freedom and the quest for justice. Black Protestants tend to be liberal on economic attitudes and conservative on social issues. The seven major Black Protestant denominations are: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, the Church of God in Christ, the National Baptist Convention of America, the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. and the Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.

Here are some other examples of Black Protestant groups: • African Union Methodist Protestant • Reformed Zion Union Apostolic • Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America • Church of God By Faith • Church of the Living God • Church of the Lord Jesus Christ • Seventh Day Pentecostal • First Church of Jesus Christ • Pentecostal Assemblies of the World • United House of Prayer Roman Catholic Roman Catholicism is an ancient, liturgical, sacramental and western form of Christianity. Roman Catholic doctrine emphasizes the Trinity and Jesus Christ’s incarnation. The Roman Catholic organizational structure is hierarchical with the pope presiding over all Roman Catholics. The Roman Catholic Church is currently the largest religious body in the United States. This family also includes the Polish National Catholic Church and the United Catholic Church.

Orthodox Orthodox Christianity represents one of the three great divisions of Christianity; the others are the Protestant churches and the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic and Orthodox churches originally were united, but they parted in the 11th century, when they differed over several points of doctrine, including the supreme authority of the

pope, which Orthodox Christians reject. Since the 20th century, the Catholic and Orthodox churches have made greater efforts toward reconciliation. Orthodox churches include the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and the Orthodox Church in America.

Here are some other examples of Orthodox groups: • Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America • American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox • Antiochian Orthodox Christian • Armenian Apostolic Church • Armenian Church of America • Eastern Orthodox — Other • Russian Orthodox Church • Serbian Eastern Orthodox Church • Ukranian Orthodox Church Other Denominations listed in the "other" category simply are those that do not fit into the Evangelical, Mainline, Black Protestants, Orthodox or Catholic categories. This includes Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Jehovah's Witnesses and other religious groups.

Here are some other examples of groups in this category: • Conservative Judaism • Orthodox Judaism • Reform Judaism • Liberal Catholic Churches • Christian Science Churches • Swedenborgian Churches • Metaphysical • Spiritualist Churches/Organizations • Church of Scientology • Non-Denominational Churches • Baha'i Faith • Sikh Society • Muslim Congregations • Unitarian Universalist Association

REFERENCES Mead, Frank, Samuel Hill, and Craig Atwood (Eds.). 2005. Handbook of Denominations in the United States. 12th ed. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.

Melton, J. Gordon (Ed). 2009. Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions. 8th Edition. Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning. Steensland, Brian, Jerry Z. Park, Mark D. Regnerus, Lynn D. Robinson, W. Bradford Wilcox and Robert D. Woodberry. 2000. The Measure of American Religion: Toward Improving the State of the Art. Social Forces 79(1): 291-318.

Part 2: Religion by Family

Introduction Many religious groups in America are formed through a complex series of schisms and mergers. As a result, many religious groups share a common historical background, even if they now hold substantially different religious beliefs. The religious families listed below organize religious groups based on their religious ancestry or heritage. For more information on the Religion Families and the religious groups within each family, please refer to the ARDA's Religion Family Trees and Profiles: http://thearda.com/denoms/families/groups.asp

Adventist Family Adventist churches originate from founder William Miller in the late 19th century, who taught that Christ soon would return to earth and that Saturday rather than Sunday should be observed as the Sabbath. The Adventist family includes the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which was founded by Ellen Gould White and James Springer White, as well as offshoots such as the Advent Christian Church.

Here are some other examples of Adventist groups:

• Church of God (Seventh Day ), Denver, Colorado

• Church of God (Seventh Day , Salem, West Virginia) • Church of God General Conference (Oregon, IL and Morrow, GA) For more information on the Adventist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_98.asp

Anglicanism Family Anglican churches originated in England and broke with Roman Catholicism during the 16th century Reformation while retaining a hierarchical structure. The Anglican Church is sometimes viewed as a "middle way" between Catholicism and Protestantism, since both traditions have influenced Anglican theology and practice. Churches in the Anglican family include the Anglican Orthodox Church of North America and the Episcopal Church in the United States.

Here are some other examples of Anglican groups: • Apostolic Episcopal Church • Reformed Episcopal Church For more information on the Anglicanism family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_88.asp

Baptist Family

Baptists originated from 17th century English Puritanism. The term "Baptist" came from their insistence that baptism should be reserved for those old enough to comprehend and confess a personal faith in Jesus. Modern Baptists are a group of Christian denominations and churches who subscribe to a theology of believer's baptism (as opposed to infant baptism), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local church. Churches in the Baptist family include the Southern Baptist Convention, the National Baptist Convention of America and the American Baptist Churches in the USA.

Here are some other examples of Baptist groups: • American Baptist Association • Baptist Bible Fellowship International • Baptist General Conference • Baptist Missionary Association of America • Conservative Baptist Association of America (CBAmerica) • General Association of General Baptists • General Association of Regular Baptist Churches • National Association of Free Will Baptists

• National Primitive Baptist Convention, Inc. • North American Baptist Conference • Primitive Baptists • Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. • United Baptists For more information on the Baptist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_96.asp

Christian Science Family

Christian Science churches follow the teachings of founder Mary Baker Eddy (1821- 1910), who believed that personal healing was the central message of Christianity. She believed that the correct interpretation of Scripture would alleviate disease, suffering, and even death according to her book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (1875). The movement became more of an institution in 1879. Worship services include readings from the Bible as well as Eddy's "Science and Health." The largest group in the Christian Science family is the Church of Christ Scientist. Divine Science also belongs to the Christian Science family.

For more information on the Christian Science family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_102.asp

Communal Family

The Communal family consists of churches where members often live together and share living activities, such as common meals, as an expression of their faith. The Hutterian Brethren and United Society of Believers (Shakers) are examples of communal churches.

Here are some other examples of Communal groups:

• Amana Church Society • Temple Society For more information on the Communal family, please refer to: http://thearda.com/denoms/families/F_101.asp

Congregationalist (UCC) Family

Congregationalism stems from the English Puritans of the 17th century and is now found in the United States in the United Church of Christ and smaller Congregationalist bodies.

For more information on the Congregationalist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_114.asp

Eastern Liturgical (Orthodox) Family

The Eastern Liturgical (Orthodox) family represents one of the three great divisions of Christianity; the others are the Protestant churches and the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic and Orthodox churches were originally united, but they parted in the 11th century, when they differed over several points of doctrine, including the supreme authority of the pope, which Orthodox Christians reject. Since the 20th century, the Catholic and Orthodox churches have made greater efforts toward reconciliation. Churches in the Eastern Liturgical family include the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and the Orthodox Church in America.

Here are some other examples of Eastern Liturgical groups: • Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America • American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church • Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America • Armenian Apostolic Church of America • Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America • Holy Orthodox Church in America (Eastern Catholic and Apostolic) • Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America • Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church of America • Serbian Eastern Orthodox Church for the U.S.A. and Canada • Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America • Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the U.S.A. For more information on the Eastern Liturgical (Orthodox) family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_89.asp

European Free-Church Family (Brethren, Mennonites, Quakers, Amish)

European Free-Churches left established and state churches in Europe over the belief that congregational activity and membership should be voluntary and free of state control. Examples of these churches include the Society of Friends (Quakers), various Mennonite churches and the Evangelical Covenant Church, which is the result of a schism from the Church of Sweden in the 19th century.

Here are some other examples of European Free-Church groups:

• Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarene) • Brethren Church (Ashland, Ohio) • Brethren in Christ Church • Church of God in Christ, Mennonite • Church of the Brethren • Conservative Mennonite Conference • Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Conference • Evangelical Mennonite Church • Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches • General Conference Mennonite Church • Mennonite Brethren Church of North America (Brüder Gemeinde) • The U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches • Mennonite Church USA • Old German Baptist Brethren Church • Reformed Mennonite Church For more information on the European Free-Church family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_95.asp

Holiness Family

Holiness churches emerged out of the Methodist churches in the United States as they sought to restore John Wesley's teachings of personal holiness and total sanctification (perfection). Holiness bodies include the Church of the Nazarene and the various Church of God denominations.

Here are some other examples of Holiness groups: • American Rescue Workers • Christian and Missionary Alliance • Christian Nation Church U.S.A. • Christ's Sanctified Holy Church • Church of Christ (Holiness) U.S.A • Church of the Gospel • Churches of Christ in Christian Union • Evangelical Church of North America • Free Methodist Church of North America • Missionary Church

• Salvation Army • Triumph the Church and Kingdom of God in Christ • Wesleyan Church For more information on the Holiness Family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_93.asp

Independent Fundamentalist Family

Independent Fundamentalist churches left mainline and evangelical denominations in 1930. Out of the initial 39 men who formed the movement, 12 were Congregationalists, three Presbyterians, 19 Independents, one Baptist and four with no denominational affiliation. The movement was a response to modernity, as they believed that other churches were too liberal in theology. The Independent Fundamental Churches of America is the largest of these separatist bodies.

Here are some other examples of Independent Fundamentalist groups: • American Evangelical Christian Churches • Berean Fellowship of Churches • Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren) • Grace Gospel Fellowship For more information on the Independent Fundamentalist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_97.asp

Judaism Family

Judaism is a monotheistic religion based on the Torah, Talmud and other texts in the Hebrew Bible. There are several Jewish traditions, including Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Judaism, and Reconstructionist. Today, there are 5.2 million Jews in the United States.

For more on the Judaism family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_106.asp

Latter-day Saints Family (Mormonism)

Latter-day Saints (Mormon) churches follow at least some of the teachings of Joseph Smith, Jr., who published the Book of Mormon in 1830. The largest denomination in the family is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon), founded in 1830 and currently headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. The next largest is the

Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Latter Day Saints), founded in 1860.

For more information on the Latter-day Saint family (Mormonism), please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_100.asp

Liberal Family

The Liberal family churches and associations stress the primacy of reason and experience over the authority of doctrine and sacred texts. It emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in hopes of making Christianity more relevant to modern times (Reid et al. 1990: 646). The Unitarian-Universalist Association and the American Ethical Union are two examples of such groups.

For more information on the Liberal family, please refer to: http://thearda.com/denoms/families/F_99.asp

Lutheran Family

Lutheran churches follow the teachings of 16h century reformer Martin Luther, particularly his teaching on justification by faith and scripture alone (sola scriptura). It is one of the most liturgical Protestant movements, along with Episcopalianism. Lutheranism is more prominent in the Midwestern United States, particularly among those with German and Scandinavian ancestry. Lutheran bodies include the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod.

Here are some other examples of Lutheran groups: • American Association of Lutheran Churches • Apostolic Lutheran Church of America • Association of Free Lutheran Congregations • Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America • Evangelical Lutheran Synod • Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church (Suomi Synod) • Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod For more information on the Lutheran family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_90.asp

Methodist-Pietist Family

The Methodist-Pietist family consists of churches that stress the importance of internal faith, spirituality and Christian living over adherence to formal creeds and

doctrine. The largest among these churches is the United Methodist Church, which follows the teachings of John Wesley, who in the 18th century broke away from the Church of England because of his emphasis on personal holiness. Other Methodist churches include the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.

Here are some other examples of Methodist-Pietist groups: • African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church • Congregational Methodist Church • Evangelical Congregational Church • Evangelical Methodist Church • Primitive Methodist Church in the U.S.A. • Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church • Southern Methodist Church For more information on the Methodist-Pietist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_92.asp

Other Groups

Other religious groups are those that do not fit into the common Religious Family categories. They include the Baha’i Faith, Buddhist Churches of America and Vedanta Society Church.

Here are some other examples of groups in this category: • American Mohammedian Society • American Moslem Brotherhood Association • Buddhist Mission of North America • Buddhist Society of America • Catholic Apostolic Church • Christ Community Church (Evangelical-Protestant) • Christian Union • Church of God, Reformation Movement • Church of Illumination • Church of Revelation • Liberal Catholic Church, Province of the United States of America • National Organization of the New Apostolic Church of North America • Reformed Catholic Church (Utrecht Confession), Province of North America

• Theosophical Society in America For more information on Other groups, refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_113.asp

Pentecostal Family

Pentecostal churches emerged as a movement in early 20th century America, stressing enthusiastic worship and the restoration of practices evident in New Testament Christianity, such as speaking in tongues and healing. It is sometimes divided into "classical Pentecostalism," indicating the movement's historical bodies, and "neo-Pentecostalism," the modern movement emphasizing charismatic renewal. Pentecostal bodies include Assemblies of God and Church of God in Christ.

Here are some other examples of Pentecostal groups: • Apostolic Faith Mission Church of God • Association of Vineyard Churches • Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) • Church of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith • Congregational Holiness Church • International Church of the Foursquare Gospel • International Pentecostal Church of Christ • Pentecostal Assemblies of the World • Pentecostal Church of God • Pentecostal Church, Inc. • United House of Prayer for All People • United Pentecostal Church International • United Pentecostal Churches of Christ For more information on the Pentecostal family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_94.asp

Presbyterian-Reformed Family

Presbyterian-Reformed churches are a Protestant tradition based on the teachings of reformer John Calvin. The Reformed tradition consists both of Presbyterian churches as well as denominations that developed in continental Europe, such as the Dutch and the German Reformed. American Presbyterianism split over revivalism, slavery and fundamentalism, but is still one of the leading Protestant families in the United States. Presbyterian bodies include Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and Presbyterian Church in America.

Here are some other examples of Presbyterian-Reformed groups: • Bible Presbyterian Church • Christian Reformed Church in North America • Congregational Christian Churches • Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America • Evangelical Presbyterian Church • Orthodox Presbyterian Church • Protestant Reformed Churches in America • Reformed Church in America • Reformed Church in the United States • Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America, General Synod • Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America • Reformed Presbyterian Synod For more information on the Presbyterian-Reformed family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_91.asp

Restorationist Family

Restorationist churches broke away from established American denominations during the 19th century to restore what they understood as true New Testament Christianity, stressing strict adherence to the Bible rather than to creeds. Restorationist churches include the Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).

For more information on the Restorationist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_115.asp

Spiritualist Family

Spiritualists teach that believers can communicate with spirits and the deceased through such practices as séances and other paranormal activities. Churches in the Spiritualist tradition include the Swedenborgian Church and the International General Assembly of Spiritualists.

Here are some other examples of Spiritualist groups: • General Church of the New Jerusalem • National Spiritual Alliance of the U.S.A. • National Spiritualist Association of Churches

• Progressive Spiritualist Church For more information on the Spiritualist family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_103.asp

Western Liturgical Family

Western Liturgical family represents the Roman Catholic Church or churches that originate from it. Such offshoots include the Old Catholic Church and the Polish National Catholic Church, which differ from the Roman Catholic Church in their rejection of the authority of the pope.

For more information on the Western Liturgical family, please refer to: http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/Families/F_87.asp

Appendix A. Listed Religious Groups by Tradition

Religious Group/Denomination Religious Tradition (Original) Church of God Evangelical Protestant Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection Evangelical Protestant Amana Church Society Evangelical Protestant Ambassadors Amish Mennonite Evangelical Protestant American Association of Lutheran Churches Evangelical Protestant American Baptist Association, The Evangelical Protestant American Presbyterian Church Evangelical Protestant Amish Groups, undifferentiated Evangelical Protestant Anglican Church in North America Evangelical Protestant Apostolic Christian Church of America, Inc. Evangelical Protestant Apostolic Faith Mission of Portland, OR Evangelical Protestant Apostolic Lutheran Church of America Evangelical Protestant Armenian Evangelical Churches (Additional) Evangelical Protestant Assemblies of God Evangelical Protestant Assemblies of God International Fellowship Evangelical Protestant Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church Evangelical Protestant Association of Free Lutheran Congregations Evangelical Protestant Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America Evangelical Protestant Beachy Amish Mennonite Churches Evangelical Protestant Berea Amish Mennonite Evangelical Protestant Bible Fellowship Church Evangelical Protestant Bible Presbyterian Church (General Synod) Evangelical Protestant Brethren Church, The (Ashland, Ohio) Evangelical Protestant Brethren In Christ Church Evangelical Protestant Bruderhof Communities, Inc. Evangelical Protestant

Calvary Chapel Fellowship Churches Evangelical Protestant Canadian and American Reformed Churches Evangelical Protestant Central Yearly Meeting of Friends Evangelical Protestant Christian and Missionary Alliance, The Evangelical Protestant Christian Brethren Evangelical Protestant Christian Churches and Churches of Christ Evangelical Protestant Christian Reformed Church in North America Evangelical Protestant Christian Union Evangelical Protestant Church of Christ (Holiness), U.S.A. Evangelical Protestant Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) Evangelical Protestant Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) Evangelical Protestant Church of God (Seventh Day ) Evangelical Protestant Church of God by Faith, Inc. Evangelical Protestant Church of God General Conference Evangelical Protestant Church of God in Christ, Mennonite Evangelical Protestant Church of God of Prophecy Evangelical Protestant Church of God of the Apostolic Faith, Inc. Evangelical Protestant Church of God, Mountain Assembly, Inc. Evangelical Protestant Church of the Brethren Evangelical Protestant Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America Evangelical Protestant Church of the Lutheran Confession Evangelical Protestant Church of the Nazarene Evangelical Protestant Church of the United Brethren in Christ Evangelical Protestant Churches of Christ Evangelical Protestant Churches of Christ in Christian Union Evangelical Protestant Churches of God, General Conference Evangelical Protestant Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches Evangelical Protestant

Congregational Holiness Church Evangelical Protestant Congregational Methodist Church Evangelical Protestant Conservative Baptist Association of America Evangelical Protestant Conservative Congregational Christian Conference Evangelical Protestant Conservative Lutheran Association Evangelical Protestant Conservative Mennonite Conference Evangelical Protestant Conservative Yearly Meetings of Friends Evangelical Protestant Convention of Original Free Will Baptists Evangelical Protestant Converge Worldwide/Baptist General Conference Evangelical Protestant Covenant Reformed Presbyterian Church Evangelical Protestant Cumberland Presbyterian Church Evangelical Protestant Elim Fellowship Evangelical Protestant Enterprise Baptists Association Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Association of Reformed, and Congregational Evangelical Protestant Christian Churches Evangelical Church, The Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Congregational Church, The Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Covenant Church, The Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Free Church of America, The Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Friends Church International Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Lutheran Synod Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Methodist Church Evangelical Protestant Evangelical Presbyterian Church Evangelical Protestant Federation of Reformed Churches Evangelical Protestant Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches Evangelical Protestant Fellowship of Evangelical Churches Evangelical Protestant Foursquare Gospel, International Church of the Evangelical Protestant

Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) Evangelical Protestant Free Methodist Church of North America Evangelical Protestant Free Presbyterian Church of North America Evangelical Protestant Free Reformed Church of North America Evangelical Protestant Fundamental Baptist Fellowship Evangelical Protestant General Association of Regular Baptist Churches Evangelical Protestant Grace Gospel Fellowship Evangelical Protestant Heritage Reformed Churches Evangelical Protestant Hutterian Brethren Evangelical Protestant Independent Baptist Fellowship International Evangelical Protestant Independent Fundamental Churches of America Evangelical Protestant International Churches of Christ Evangelical Protestant International Fellowship of Bible Churches Evangelical Protestant International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies Evangelical Protestant International Pentecostal Church of Christ Evangelical Protestant International Pentecostal Holiness Church Evangelical Protestant Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad Evangelical Protestant Korean Presbyterian Church in America Evangelical Protestant Korean-American Presbyterian Church Evangelical Protestant Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod Evangelical Protestant Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ Evangelical Protestant Maranatha Amish Mennonite Evangelical Protestant Mennonite Christian Fellowship Evangelical Protestant Mennonite Church USA Evangelical Protestant Midwest Beachy Amish Mennonite Evangelical Protestant Midwest Congregational Christian Fellowship Evangelical Protestant Missionary Church, The Evangelical Protestant

National Association of Free Will Baptists Evangelical Protestant New Testament Association of Independent Baptist Evangelical Protestant Churches Non-denominational Evangelical Protestant North American Baptist Conference Evangelical Protestant North American Lutheran Church Evangelical Protestant Old Order River Brethren Evangelical Protestant Open Bible Standard Churches, Inc. Evangelical Protestant Orthodox Presbyterian Church, The Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal Church of God Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal Fire-Baptized Holiness Church Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church, Inc. Evangelical Protestant Pillar of Fire Evangelical Protestant Presbyterian Church in America Evangelical Protestant Presbyterian Reformed Church Evangelical Protestant Primitive Baptists, Eastern District Association of Evangelical Protestant Primitive Methodist Church in the USA Evangelical Protestant Protestant Reformed Churches in America Evangelical Protestant Reformed Baptist Churches Evangelical Protestant Reformed Church in the United States Evangelical Protestant Reformed Mennonite Church Evangelical Protestant Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly Evangelical Protestant Reformed Presbyterian Church Hanov er Presbytery Evangelical Protestant Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States Evangelical Protestant Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America Evangelical Protestant Salvation Army, The Evangelical Protestant Schwenkfelder Church Evangelical Protestant

Seventh Day Baptist General Conference, USA and Canada Evangelical Protestant

Seventh-day Adventist Church Evangelical Protestant Southern Baptist Convention Evangelical Protestant Southern Methodist Church Evangelical Protestant Tampico Amish Mennonite Evangelical Protestant U.S. Mennonite Brethren Evangelical Protestant Unaffiliated Conservative Amish Mennonite Church Evangelical Protestant United Pentecostal Church International Evangelical Protestant United Pentecostal Council of the Assemblies of God Evangelical Protestant United Reformed Churches in North America Evangelical Protestant United Zion Church Evangelical Protestant Unity of the Brethren Evangelical Protestant Vineyard USA Evangelical Protestant Wesleyan Church, The Evangelical Protestant Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod Evangelical Protestant Alliance of Baptists Mainline Protestant American Baptist Churches in the USA Mainline Protestant Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) Mainline Protestant Congregational Christian Churches, Additional Mainline Protestant Episcopal Church Mainline Protestant Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Mainline Protestant Friends General Conference and Friends United Meeting Mainline Protestant Friends General Conference Mainline Protestant Friends United Meeting Mainline Protestant Grace Brethren Churches, Fellowship of Mainline Protestant Hungarian Reformed Churches (Additional) Mainline Protestant

Independent Yearly Meetings of Friends Mainline Protestant International Council of Community Churches Mainline Protestant Metropolitan Community Churches, Universal Fellowship Mainline Protestant of Moravian Church in America--Alaska Province Mainline Protestant Moravian Church in America--Northern Province Mainline Protestant Moravian Church in America--Southern Province Mainline Protestant National Association of Congregational Christian Churches Mainline Protestant

Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Mainline Protestant Reformed Church in America Mainline Protestant Unaffiliated Friends Meetings Mainline Protestant United Church of Christ Mainline Protestant United Methodist Church, The Mainline Protestant African Methodist Episcopal Church Black Protestant African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Black Protestant Christian Methodist Episcopal Church Black Protestant Church of God in Christ Black Protestant Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith, Black Protestant Inc. Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America Black Protestant Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship Black Protestant National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. Black Protestant National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. Black Protestant National Missionary Baptist Convention, Inc. Black Protestant Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. Black Protestant United Holy Church of America, Inc. Black Protestant Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic

Polish National Catholic Church Roman Catholic United Catholic Church, Inc. Roman Catholic Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America Orthodox American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese Orthodox Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North Orthodox America, The Armenian Apostolic Church of America (Catholicosate of Orthodox Cilicia) Armenian Church of North America (Catholicosate of Orthodox Etchmiadzin) Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada Orthodox and Australia Coptic Orthodox Church Orthodox Eritrean Orthodox Orthodox Ethiopian Orthodox Orthodox Georgian Orthodox Parishes in the United States Orthodox Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Orthodox Holy Orthodox Church in North America Orthodox Macedonian Orthodox Church: American Diocese Orthodox Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Orthodox North America Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Orthodox Orthodox Church in America Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in Orthodox the USA Romanian Orthodox Archdiocese in Americas Orthodox Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia Orthodox Serbian Orthodox Church in North America Orthodox Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch Orthodox

Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA Orthodox Vicariate for the Palestinian/Jordanian Orthodox Orthodox Christian Communities Association of Messianic Congregations Other Bahá'í Other Buddhism, Mahayana Other Buddhism, Theravada Other Buddhism, Vajrayana Other Church of Christ, Scientist Other Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Other Community of Christ Other Conservative Judaism Other Hindu, Indian-American Hindu Temple Assoc. Other Hindu, Post Renaissance Other Hindu, Renaissance Other Hindu, Traditional Temples Other Jain Other Jehovah's Witnesses Other Muslim Estimate Other National Spiritualist Association of Churches Other New Apostolic Church of North America, National Other Organization of the Non-Classified Affiliation Other Non-Denominational Churches Other Orthodox Judaism Other Reconstructionist Judaism Other Reform Judaism Other Shinto Other

Sikh Other Swedenborgian Church Other Tao Other Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations Other Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations Other Unity Churches, Association of Other Zoroastrian Other

Appendix B. Listed Religious Groups by Family

Religious Group/Denomination Religious Family Advent Christian Church Adventist Adventists - Other Adventist Church of God (Seventh Day ) Adventist Church of God General Conference Adventist Jehovah's Witnesses Adventist Seventh-day Adventist Church Adventist Anglican - Other Anglicanism Anglican Episcopal of North America Anglicanism Charismatic Episcopal Church Anglicanism Episcopal Church Anglicanism Anglican Orthodox Church Anglicanism Reformed Episcopal Church Anglicanism Alliance of Baptists Baptist American Baptist Association, The Baptist American Baptist Churches in the USA Baptist Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America Baptist Conservative Baptist Association of America Baptist Convention of Original Free Will Baptists Baptist Converge Worldwide/Baptist General Conference Baptist Enterprise Baptists Association Baptist Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship Baptist Fundamental Baptist Fellowship Baptist General Association of Regular Baptist Churches Baptist Independent Baptist Fellowship International Baptist International Churches of Christ Baptist

National Association of Free Will Baptists Baptist National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. Baptist National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. Baptist National Missionary Baptist Convention, Inc. Baptist New Testament Association of Independent Baptist Churches Baptist North American Baptist Conference Baptist Primitive Baptists, Eastern District Association of Baptist Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. Baptist Reformed Baptist Churches Baptist

Seventh Day Baptist General Conference, USA and Canada Baptist Southern Baptist Convention Baptist Church of Christ, Scientist Christian Science Divine Science Christian Science Amana Church Society Communal Hutterian Brethren Communal Temple Society Communal United Society of Believers (Shakers) Communal

United Church of Christ Congregationalist Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America Eastern Liturgical American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese Eastern Liturgical Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America, The Eastern Liturgical Armenian Apostolic Church of America (Catholicosate of Cilicia) Eastern Liturgical Armenian Church of North America (Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin) Eastern Liturgical

Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia Eastern Liturgical Coptic Orthodox Church Eastern Liturgical Eritrean Orthodox Eastern Liturgical Ethiopian Orthodox Eastern Liturgical Georgian Orthodox Parishes in the United States Eastern Liturgical Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Eastern Liturgical Holy Orthodox Church in North America Eastern Liturgical Macedonian Orthodox Church: American Diocese Eastern Liturgical Malankara Archdiocese of the Syrian Orthodox Church in North America Eastern Liturgical Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Eastern Liturgical Orthodox Church in America Eastern Liturgical Patriarchal Parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in the USA Eastern Liturgical Romanian Orthodox Archdiocese in Americas Eastern Liturgical Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia Eastern Liturgical Serbian Orthodox Church in North America Eastern Liturgical Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch Eastern Liturgical Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA Eastern Liturgical Vicariate for the Palestinian/Jordanian Orthodox Christian Communities Eastern Liturgical Ambassadors Amish Mennonite European Free-Church Amish Groups, undifferentiated European Free-Church Apostolic Christian Church of America, Inc. European Free-Church Beachy Amish Mennonite Churches European Free-Church Berea Amish Mennonite European Free-Church Brethren Church, The (Ashland, Ohio) European Free-Church

Brethren In Christ Church European Free-Church Bruderhof Communities, Inc. European Free-Church Central Yearly Meeting of Friends European Free-Church Church of God in Christ, Mennonite European Free-Church Church of the Brethren European Free-Church Conservative Mennonite Conference European Free-Church Conservative Yearly Meetings of Friends European Free-Church Evangelical Friends Church International European Free-Church Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches European Free-Church Fellowship of Evangelical Churches European Free-Church Friends General Conference and Friends United Meeting European Free-Church Friends General Conference European Free-Church Friends United Meeting European Free-Church Grace Brethren Churches, Fellowship of European Free-Church Independent Yearly Meetings of Friends European Free-Church Maranatha Amish Mennonite European Free-Church Mennonite Christian Fellowship European Free-Church Mennonite Church USA European Free-Church Midwest Beachy Amish Mennonite European Free-Church Old Order River Brethren European Free-Church Reformed Mennonite Church European Free-Church Schwenkfelder Church European Free-Church Tampico Amish Mennonite European Free-Church U.S. Mennonite Brethren European Free-Church Unaffiliated Conservative Amish Mennonite Church European Free-Church Unaffiliated Friends Meetings European Free-Church United Zion Church European Free-Church

Bible Fellowship Church Holiness Christian and Missionary Alliance, The Holiness Church of Christ (Holiness), U.S.A. Holiness Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) Holiness Church of the Nazarene Holiness Churches of Christ in Christian Union Holiness Evangelical Church, The Holiness Free Methodist Church of North America Holiness Missionary Church, The Holiness Pillar of Fire Holiness Salvation Army Holiness Wesleyan Church, The Holiness Christian Brethren Ind. Fundamentalist Grace Gospel Fellowship Ind. Fundamentalist Independent Fundamental Churches of America Ind. Fundamentalist Association of Messianic Congregations Judaism Conservative Judaism Judaism Orthodox Judaism Judaism Reconstructionist Judaism Judaism Reform Judaism Judaism Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations Judaism Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Latter-day Saints Community of Christ Latter-day Saints Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations Liberal American Association of Lutheran Churches Lutheran Apostolic Lutheran Church of America Lutheran Association of Free Lutheran Congregations Lutheran

Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America Lutheran Church of the Lutheran Confession Lutheran Conservative Lutheran Association Lutheran Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Lutheran Evangelical Lutheran Synod Lutheran Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod Lutheran Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ Lutheran North American Lutheran Church Lutheran Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod Lutheran African Methodist Episcopal Church Methodist/Pietist African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Methodist/Pietist Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection Methodist/Pietist Christian Methodist Episcopal Church Methodist/Pietist Church of the United Brethren in Christ Methodist/Pietist Congregational Methodist Church Methodist/Pietist Evangelical Congregational Church, The Methodist/Pietist Evangelical Covenant Church, The Methodist/Pietist Evangelical Free Church of America, The Methodist/Pietist Evangelical Methodist Church Methodist/Pietist Moravian Church in America--Alaska Province Methodist/Pietist Moravian Church in America--Northern Province Methodist/Pietist Moravian Church in America--Southern Province Methodist/Pietist Primitive Methodist Church in the USA Methodist/Pietist Southern Methodist Church Methodist/Pietist United Methodist Church, The Methodist/Pietist Unity of the Brethren Methodist/Pietist Bahá'í Other Groups

Buddhism, Mahayana Other Groups Buddhism, Theravada Other Groups Buddhism, Vajrayana Other Groups Christian Union Other Groups Hindu, Indian-American Hindu Temple Assoc. Other Groups Hindu, Post Renaissance Other Groups Hindu, Renaissance Other Groups Hindu, Traditional Temples Other Groups Jain Other Groups Metropolitan Community Churches, Universal Fellowship of Other Groups Muslim Other Groups New Apostolic Church of North America, National Organization of the Other Groups Shinto Other Groups Sikh Other Groups Tao Other Groups Unity Churches, Association of Other Groups Zoroastrian Other Groups (Original) Church of God Pentecostal Apostolic Faith Mission of Portland, OR Pentecostal Assemblies of God Pentecostal Assemblies of God International Fellowship Pentecostal Calvary Chapel Fellowship Churches Pentecostal Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) Pentecostal Church of God by Faith, Inc. Pentecostal Church of God in Christ Pentecostal Church of God of Prophecy Pentecostal

Church of God of the Apostolic Faith, Inc. Pentecostal Church of God, Mountain Assembly, Inc. Pentecostal Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith, Inc. Pentecostal Congregational Holiness Church Pentecostal Elim Fellowship Pentecostal Foursquare Gospel, International Church of the Pentecostal International Pentecostal Church of Christ Pentecostal International Pentecostal Holiness Church Pentecostal Open Bible Standard Churches, Inc. Pentecostal Pentecostal Church of God Pentecostal Pentecostal Fire-Baptized Holiness Church Pentecostal Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church, Inc. Pentecostal United Holy Church of America, Inc. Pentecostal United Pentecostal Church International Pentecostal United Pentecostal Council of the Assemblies of God Pentecostal Vineyard USA Pentecostal American Presbyterian Church Presbyterian-Reformed Armenian Evangelical Churches (Additional) Presbyterian-Reformed Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church Presbyterian-Reformed Bible Presbyterian Church (General Synod) Presbyterian-Reformed Canadian and American Reformed Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Christian Reformed Church in North America Presbyterian-Reformed Churches of God, General Conference Presbyterian-Reformed Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Congregational Christian Churches, Additional (not part of any national CCC body) Presbyterian-Reformed Conservative Congregational Christian Conference Presbyterian-Reformed

Covenant Reformed Presbyterian Church Presbyterian-Reformed Cumberland Presbyterian Church Presbyterian-Reformed Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America Presbyterian-Reformed Evangelical Association of Reformed, and Congregational Christian Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Evangelical Presbyterian Church Presbyterian-Reformed Federation of Reformed Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) Presbyterian-Reformed Free Presbyterian Church of North America Presbyterian-Reformed Free Reformed Church of North America Presbyterian-Reformed Heritage Reformed Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Hungarian Reformed Churches (Additional) Presbyterian-Reformed International Council of Community Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad Presbyterian-Reformed Korean Presbyterian Church in America Presbyterian-Reformed Korean-American Presbyterian Church Presbyterian-Reformed Midwest Congregational Christian Fellowship Presbyterian-Reformed

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches Presbyterian-Reformed Orthodox Presbyterian Church, The Presbyterian-Reformed Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Presbyterian-Reformed Presbyterian Church in America Presbyterian-Reformed Presbyterian Reformed Church Presbyterian-Reformed Protestant Reformed Churches in America Presbyterian-Reformed Reformed Church in America Presbyterian-Reformed Reformed Church in the United States Presbyterian-Reformed Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly Presbyterian-Reformed Reformed Presbyterian Church Hanov er Presbytery Presbyterian-Reformed

Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States Presbyterian-Reformed Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America Presbyterian-Reformed United Reformed Churches in North America Presbyterian-Reformed Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) Restorationist Christian Churches and Churches of Christ Restorationist Churches of Christ Restorationist National Spiritualist Association of Churches Spiritualist Swedenborgian Church Spiritualist Catholic Church Western Liturgical Polish National Catholic Church Western Liturgical United Catholic Church, Inc. Western Liturgical