MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 MPPSC 2020 MAINS TEST SERIES TEST 7 GS PAPER 1 (FULL MOCK) History and Culture + Geography MODEL HINTS ------PART A 3 MARKERS 1. This question consists of very short answer type question. Each question is to be answered in 1 line (10 Words). There is no internal choice. Each question carries 3 marks
(a) Ajanta Caves
Model Hints The Ajanta Caves are approximately 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE. The caves are situated in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. They are cut into the volcanic lava of the Deccan in the forest ravines of the Sahyadri Hills. The MPPSCADDAAjanta caves are now included in the list of the World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO. The 29 caves were excavated beginning around 200 BC, but they were abandoned in AD 650 in favour of Ellora. Five of the caves were temples and 24 were monasteries, thought to have been occupied by some 200 monks and artisans. The Ajanta Caves were gradually forgotten until
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 their 'rediscovery' by a British tiger-hunting party in 1819. The finest examples of Buddhist art during the Gupta period are the paintings of Ajanta caves. Depicting the life of Buddha and the Jataka stories, these paintings with lustrous colors have not faded even after fourteen centuries.
(b) Asvaghosh
Model Hints Ashvaghosha was a philosopher and poet who is considered India's greatest poet before Kalidasa (5th century) He is also revered as the father of Sanskrit drama; he popularized the style of Sanskrit poetry known as kavya. Under the patronage of Kanishka, Ashvaghosha spoke at length on Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) Buddhist doctrine at the fourth Buddhist council, which he helped organize. He was a brilliant orator. Ashvaghosa wrote Buddha Charita (a biography of Buddha) and Saundarananda.
(c) Samaveda
Model Hints It is a collection of hymns used by priests during the Soma Sacrifices. It consists of 1549 Stanzas, taken almost entirely from Rig Veda. The hymns of the Sama Veda were recited by Udgatri. This Veda is important for Indian music as it contains Dhrupada
(d) First Battle of Panipat
Model Hints The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi. The Battle was fought on April 21, 1526. Ibrahim Lodhi was the son of Sikander Lodhi. He was the last king of the Lodhi dynasty and the last Sultan of Delhi. Daulat Khan Lodhi, the governor of Punjab, invited Babur to over throw Ibrahim. Babur accepted the offer and inflicted a crushing defeat on Ibraham in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 AD. Ibrahim was killed in the battle and with him ended the Delhi Sultanate (e) AryabhattaMPPSCADDA Model Hints Aryabhatta was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His Works: Aryabhattiyam and Suryasidhanta. His Major Achievements MPPSC 2020 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 o First to use the decimal system o Formulated the rule for finding out the area of triangle o Calculated the value of pie o Laid down the foundation of algebra in his book o Aryabhatta found the causes of lunar and solar eclipse. o He also calculated the circumference of the Earth which is still almost correct. o He was the first to reveal that the sun is stationary and the earth revolves around the sun.
(f) Dayanand Saraswati
Model Hints Dayanand Saraswati was a Hindu religious leader, renowned Vedic scholar and founder of the Arya Samaj. His ideologies also resonated with the spirit of India‘s freedom struggle. Movements: Arya Samaj, Shuddhi Movement, Back to the Vedas (Slogan) Books: Satyarth Prakash, Sanskarvidhi, Yajurved Bhasya He emphasized the study of Vedas while highlighting the faultsMPPSCADDA of Hinduism. He brought about a complete overhaul of the education system by introducing Anglo-Vedic schools to offer Indian students an updated curriculum teaching both the knowledge of the Vedas along with contemporary English education.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (g) Lord William Bentick
Model Hints Lord William Bentinck, (1774-1839) was a British Governor-General of Bengal (1828–33) and of India (1833–35).
He made important administrative reforms in Indian government and society. Important Events during his Tenure: 1. Abolition of Sati and other cruel rites (1829). 2. Suppression of Thugi (1830). 3. Charter Act of 1833. 4. Resolution of 1835, and educational reforms and introduction of English as the official language. 5. Annexation of Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834) and Central Cachar (1834). 6. Treaty of ‗perpetual friendship‘ with Ranjeet Singh. 7. Abolition of the provincial courts of appeal.
(h) Kheda Satyagrah
Model Hints Kheda Satyagraha was a Satyagraha movement organised by Gandhiji in 1918. Peasants of Kheda wanted remission of land revenue due to failure of crops Gujarat Sabha, of which Gandhiji was President, played a leading role in Kheda. IndulalMPPSCADDA Yagnik and Sardar Patel joined Gandhiji during this Satyagraha. Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda were struggles around local issues.
(i) Chauri Chaura Incident
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7
Model Hints Chauri Chaura Incident took place on 5th feb,1922.
A large group of protesters of the Non-Cooperation Movement clashed with police, who opened fire.
They set fire to a police station, killing all of its occupants.
The incident led to the deaths of three civilians and 22 policemen.
(j) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Model Hints On 10 April, two nationalist leaders Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested.
On 13 April 1919, Baisakhi day a protest meeting was organized at Jallianwala Bagh against this arrest. General Dyer ordered firing, killing hundreds but the official figure was 379.
The government inquiry committee called as Hunter Committee was appointed.
(k) Annie Besant
Model Hints She was a famous British socialist, rights activist of women, Theosophist, orator, writer as well as the supporter of the Irish and Indian self-rule. In August 1916, Annie Besant launched the Home Rule League. She became the 1st woman president of the Indian National Congress in 1917.
MPPSCADDA
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (l) Bharhut Stupa
Model Hints Bharhut is a location in Satna district in Madhya Pradesh, known for famous relics from a Buddhist stupa. The Bharhut sculptures represent some of the earliest examples of Indian and Buddhist art. The Bharhut stupa may have been established by the Maurya King Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, but many works of art were apparently added during the Sunga period, with many friezes from the 2nd century BCE. An epigraph on the gateway mention its erection "during the supremacy of the Sungas by Vatsiputra Dhanabhuti. The ruined stupa is still at Bharhut, however the gateways and railings were dismantled and reassembled at Kolkata Museum.
(m) Tantia Bhil
Model Hints Famous name: Robinhood of India Born: 1840, Khandwa Known for: Indian Rebellion of 1857 Resting place: Patalpani, Madhya Pradesh Tantia Bhil or Tantia Bheel was considered as the Robinhood Of India. He was one of the greatest revolutionaries who fought against the British much before the freedom movement for twelve years.
Supplementary Notes Tantia Bhil was a member of Bhil tribe of Adivasi community. Born around 1840,at Badada village of East Nimar of Madhya pradesh. He dreamt of a socialist society and worked towards it. He was skillful in Guerilla warfare and an expert in archery. Falia or Dava was his favourite weapon.He also MPPSCADDAknew how to handle the gun and was a great shooter . He revolted against the British ,waged an armed struggle to uproot the foreign rule.He emerged as a great hero among the masses and became the pride of the Bhil tribe. He was arrested in 1874 and imprisoned for one year. Again in 1878 he was arrested for theft and he escaped within three days and took up the career as a dacoit. He used to plunder the wealth of the rich and government treasuries and distribute it among the poor and needy.He used to reach out to those who were in financial need in a miraculous way.He was seen as the MPPSC 2020 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Messiah of the poor and was popularly called as ―Mama‖ by all age group. Finally the British arrested him at Indore because of the treachery of his sister‘s husband Ganpat who snitched on Tantia for few rupees from the government. His news of arrest was published in New York Times and he was described as "The Robin Hood of India‖. He was chained heavily and taken to Jabalpur where the sessions court gave him death sentence on 19 October 1889. After hanging him, the colonial government took his body in a train and threw it off at Patalpani. On the persumed spot a samadhi was constructed in his honour. Even today every time a train passes by the samadhi of Tantya Bhil the train driver pulls the whistle in honour of the hero of the people.
(n) Rani Durgawati
Model Hints Rani Durgawati was born on 5th October 1524 A.D. in the family of famous Chandel emperor Keerat Rai. She was born at the fort of Kalanjar (Banda, U.P.). At the age of 18 in 1542 CE, she was married to Dalpatshah, the eldest son of king Sangramshah of Gond Dynasty. Chandel and Gond dynasties got closer as a consequence of this marriage and that was the reason Keerat Rai got the help of Gonds and his son-in-law Dalpatshah at the time of invasion of Shershah Suri in which Shershah Suri died. She gave birth to a son in 1545 A.D. who was named Vir Narayan. Dalpatshah died in about 1550 A.D. Durgavati took the reins of the Gond kingdom in her hands. Two ministers Adhar Kayastha and Man Thakur helped the Rani in looking after the administration successfully and effectively. Rani moved her capital to Chauragarh in place of Singaurgarh. Rani Durgavati was a personality with varied facets. She was valiant, beautiful and brave and also a great leader with administrative skills. Her self-respect forced her to fight till death rather than surrender herself to her enemy. She, like her ancestral dynasty, built so many lakes in her state and did a lot for the welfare of her people. She respected the scholars and extended her patronage to them. She welcomed the Vitthalnath of Vallabh community and took Diksha from him. She was secular and appointed many eminent Muslims on important posts. The place where she sacrificed herself has always been a source of inspiration for freedom fighters. In the year 1983, the Government of Madhya Pradesh renamed the University of Jabalpur as Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya in her memory. Government of India paid its tribute to the valiant Rani by issuing a postal-stamp commemorating her martyrdom, on 24th June 1988. (o) BrihadeeswaraMPPSCADDA Temple Model Hints Tag : Cultural UNESCO World Heritage Site Built in : 1003-1010 AD Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Brihadeeswarar Temple also known as Raja Rajeshwara and Rajarajeswaram Temple, was edified by Raja Raja Chola I in the year 1010 AD. Brihadeeshwara Temple is a revered temple for Hindus, which they bestow to Lord Shiva. This temple is a perfect illustration of the great heights achieved in the field of architecture by the Chola rulers. It is a homage paid to Lord Shiva and is a display of power of Raja Raja Chola I. Brihadeeswarar Temple is also widely known by name of 'Big Temple'. This temple completed its 1000 years in the year 2010.
5 MARKERS
2. Write the answers of the following questions in 5-6 lines (50 words) each.
(a) Write a short note on Akbar.
Model Hints Akbar was the mightiest Emperor of the Mughal dynasty. Succeeding his father Humayun at a critical stage in 1556, he slowly enlarged the extent of the Mughal Empire to include almost all of the Indian sub-continent. He formed matrimonial alliances with Rajputs an appointed them on important posts. He abolished pilgrim tax and Jaziya. He also founded a new religion named Din-i-Ilhai. The MPPSCADDA land revenue system introduced under him was called Zabti or Bandobast system or Dahsala System. Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system in his administration. He gave patronage to art and culture. Being fond of literature, he extended support to literature in several languages.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (b) Azad Hind Fauz.
Model Hints Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army, or INA was formed during the Second World War to free India from the British Rule. This first INA collapsed. It was revived under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943. In early 1944, three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. The famous INA trial sparked off massive unrest across the country and it proved to be the last nail in the coffin of the British Empire.
(c) What were the causes of decline of cottage industries during the British?
Model Hints The economic policies followed by the British rule led to the rapid transformation of India‘s economy into a colonial economy whose nature and structure were determined by the needs of the economy of Britain. The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were concerned more with the protection and promotion of the economic interests of Britain rather than with the development of the Indian economy. Such policies brought about a fundamental change in the structure of the Indian economy and transformed India into mere supplier of raw materials and consumer of finished industrial products from Britain As a MPPSCADDAresult, The Indian handicrafts were exposed to the fierce and unequal competition of the machine-made products of Britain and faced extinction. The free trade imposed on India was however one-sided. Indian goods were subjected to heavy import duties on entry into Britain. As a result, Indian exports to Britain fall rapidly. Instead of exporting manufactures, India was now forced to export raw materials which Britain industries needed urgently or plantation products like indigo or food grains which were in
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 short supply in Britain. The British Industrial policy in the 19th century ruined the Indian handicrafts. Their self-motivated interests destroyed the handicrafts and the cottage Industries of India which were the primary sources of its foreign trade and wealth. This was particularly true for the cotton textile industry which served as the main vehicle of the Industrial Revolution in Britain Due to the process of colonialization, agriculture, trade, and industry of India were ruined badly and India became a poor country as at had never been. Similarly, the ruin of rural artisan and cottage industries proceeded more rapidly once the railways were built in the hinterlands of India Right from the foundation of British rule in India, the British Government showed a marked antipathy and neglect towards Indian industries. It resulted in the demise of India‘s world fame cottage and small scale industries as these could not stand in the competition of British industries
(d) Give a brief account of Santhal Rebellion.
Model Hints The Santhal Revolt took place in 1855-56. Santhals are a tribal group concentrated in the state of Jharkhand. The revolt can be attributed to the introduction of the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793. The aforesaid settlement pattern by the British snatched lands that the Santhals had been cultivating for centuries from them. The zamindars, moneylenders, Europeans and the British government officials raised the land tax and exploited farmers. They were so oppressed that they resolved to rebel against the landlords and the government. The Santhals engaged in guerrilla warfare. They dismantled the railway and postal communications. The Santhal revolt was very effective for a while, but it could not succeed against the absolute power of the government and was suppressed.
(e) Discuss the reasons for the popularity of Buddhism.
Model Hints Buddhism religion spread far and wide like wild fire as it provided relief to the society overburdened with Bramahnical rites and rituals. Following were the major reasons for the popularity of Buddhism: 1. Buddha‘s simple life, compassion and life of renunciation attracted a large number of people. 2. Buddhism was democratic and liberal. 3. ItMPPSCADDA was free from the evils of Brahmanism. 4. Use of Pali, the language of common people by Buddha in his preachings. 5. The missionary activities of the Buddhist Sanghas. 6. Patronage by rulers like Prasenjit, Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Asoka, Kaniska and Harshavardhan. 7. Role of Universities such as Nalanda, Puspagiri, Vikramasila, Ratnagiri, Odantapuri and Somapuri and Buddhist Councils. MPPSC 2020 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Buddhism religion spread far and wide like wild fire as it provided relief to the society overburdened with Bramahnical rites and rituals. Following were the major reasons for the popularity of Buddhism: 8. Buddha‘s simple life, compassion and life of renunciation attracted a large number of people. 9. Buddhism was democratic and liberal. 10. It was free from the evils of Brahmanism. 11. Use of Pali, the language of common people by Buddha in his preachings. 12. The missionary activities of the Buddhist Sanghas. 13. Patronage by rulers like Prasenjit, Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Asoka, Kaniska and Harshavardhan. 14. Role of Universities such as Nalanda, Puspagiri, Vikramasila, Ratnagiri, Odantapuri and Somapuri and Buddhist Councils.
(f) Write a short note on Devadasi System.
Model Hints A Devadasi is the name given to a girl ‗dedicated‘ to a deity in a temple for worship and service of the deity for the rest of her life. Devadasi system is a religious practice whereby parents marry a daughter to a deity or a temple usually occurs before the girl reaches puberty. This was prominent in southern and parts of western India. The dedication of the girl takes place in a ceremony similar to marriage and is called ‗pottukattu‘. Originally, the girls learned and practiced the arts like Bharathanatyam, Odissi or other classical dance forms, apart from taking care of the temple and engaging in rituals. They traditionally enjoyed a high status in society as music and dance were integral parts of worship in temples. They generally married wealthy patrons and engaged their time pursuing and bettering their artistic skills, instead of becoming a housewife. The job of the housewife belonged to the other wife of the patrons. The Devadasis‘ children were also taught music and dance.
(g) Role of foreigners in shaping the socio religious movements during British Rule.
Model Hints Indian society underwent many changes after the British came to India. In the 19th century, certain social practices like female infanticide, child marriage, sati, polygamy, a rigid caste system and religious dogmas became more prevalent because of the Socio religious situation of that time. When the British came to India, they brought new ideas such as liberty, equality, freedom and human rightsMPPSCADDA from the Renaissance, the Reformation Movement and the various revolutions that took place in Europe. These ideas appealed to some sections of our society and led to several Socio religious reform movements in different parts of the country. At the forefront of these movements were visionary Indians such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Aruna Asaf Ali and Pandita Ramabai. These movements looked for social unity and strived towards liberty, equality and fraternity.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Many legal measures were introduced to improve the status of women. For example, the practice of sati was banned in 1829 by Lord Bentinck, the then Governor General. Widow Remarriage was permitted by a law passed in 1856. A law passed in 1872, sanctioned inter-caste and inter-communal marriages. Sharda Act was passed in 1929 preventing child marriage. The act provided that it was illegal to marry a girl below 14 and a boy below 18 years. All the movements severely criticized the caste system and especially the practice of untouchability. Direct involvement of Foreginers in socio religious reform movements HP Blavatsky: She started Theosophical movement (Literally means all inclusive) in New York with Col HS Olcott (American) in 1875. They arrived in India in 1879 and established the headquarters of the society at Adyar near Madras in 1882. Theosophist popularised the study of oriental classics, especially Upanishads and Bhagwat Gita. Annie Besant : She joined the Theosophical Society in England in 1889 and came to India in 1893. She became President of the society after death of Olcolt in 1907. She translated the Bhagwad Gita in English. She laid the foundation of the Central Hindu College at Banaras in 1898 that later became nucleus for the formation of Banaras Hindu University in 1916. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831) : He started Young Bengal Movement in Calcutta. The movement attacked old traditional and decadent customs. It advocated women's rights and educated the public on socio-economic and political issues The persistent efforts of the reformers had immense impact on the society. The religious reform movements instilled in the minds of Indians greater self-respect, self confidence and pride in their country. These reform movements helped many Indians to come to terms with the modern world.
(h) Discuss Civil Disobedience Movement in brief.
Model Hints The Civil Disobedience Movement was one of the most significant movements launched by Mahatma Gandhi in the course of India‘s freedom struggle.
There were three main causes of the civil disobedience movement: a) Formation of the Simon Commision b) Demand for Dominion Status c) Protests against the arrest of social revolutionaries It was launched in March 1930 with Gandhi‘s Dandi March to break Salt law. Apart from defiance of salt laws, the other forms of non-violent forms of protests.
Movement was suspended in March, 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin Pact. However, the failure of 2nd Round Table Conference led to resumption of the movement. It metMPPSCADDA ruthless repression by the government and Mahatma Gandhi withdrew it finally in April, 1934. (i) Throw light on literary contributions of Tulsidas.
Model Hints
Tulsidas wrote several popular works in Sanskrit and Awadhi. He is best known as the author of the epic Ramcharitmanas.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Twelve works are widely considered by biographers to be written by Tulsidas, six major works and six minor works.
Based on the language of the works, they have been classified into two groups as follows- 1. Awadhi works – Ramcharitmanas, RamlalaNahachhu, BarvaiRamayan, Parvati Mangal, Janaki Mangal and RamagyaPrashna.
2. Braja works – Krishna Gitavali, Gitavali, Sahitya Ratna, Dohavali, Vairagya Sandipani and Vinaya Patrika.
Besides these twelve works, four more works are popularly believed to be composed by Tulsidas which include Hanuman Chalisa, Hanuman Ashtak, Hanuman Bahuk and Tulsi Satsai.
(j) Describe Jungle Satyagraha in brief.
Model Hints In 1930 Mahatma Gandhi organized the Dandi March to start the salt satyagraha. At this time the tribals of seoni- under the leadership of Durga Shankar Mehta organized a march of 9-10 Km to cut grass from the government sandalwood garden to resister their anger against the British rule. This is known as the Jungle Satyagraha. The term Satyagraha was coined by M.K. Gandhi in South Africa; to describe the passive resistance. However, it does not support the use of armament in any form. In other words, the term Satyagraha represents the resistance in the non-violent form. Therefore, the meaning of the term Jungle Satyagraha is applied to the Satyagrahas that held to protect the jungles or the forests of India.
11 MARKERS
3. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each.
(a) Discuss the effect of British Economic Policies on Indian Economy.
Model Hints The economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of India‘s economy into a colonial economy whose nature and structure were determined by the needs of the British economy. There was hardly any aspect of the Indian economy that was not changed for better or for worse during the entire period of British rule down to 1947. Disruption of Traditional Economy: The economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of Indian‘s economy into a colonial economy whose nature and structure were determined by theMPPSCADDA needs of the British economy that totally disrupted the traditional structure of the Indian economy. Ruin of Artisans and Craftsmen: There was a sudden and quick collapse of the urban handicrafts, which had for centuries made India‘s name a byword in the markets of the entire civilized world. Indian goods made with primitive techniques could not compete with goods produced on a mass scale by powerful steam-operated machines. The development of railways enabled British manufactures to reach and uproot the traditional industries in the remotest villages of the country. The gradual destruction of rural crafts MPPSC 2020 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 broke up the union between agricultural and domestic industry in the countryside and thus contributed to the destruction of the self-sufficient village economy. Stagnation and Deterioration of Agriculture: Following were the major reasons for stagnation and deterioration of agriculture: o Overcrowding of agriculture; o Excessive land revenue demand; o Growth of landlordism; o Increasing indebtedness; and o The growing impoverishment of the cultivators. o Indigo manufacture was introduced in India at the end of the 18th century and flourished in Bengal and Bihar. Indigo planters gained notoriety for their oppression over the peasants who were compelled by them to cultivate indigo. This oppression was vividly portrayed by the famous Bengali writer Dinbandhu Mitra in his play ―Neel Darpan‖ in 1860. Poverty and Famines: o The poverty of the people found its culmination in a series of famines which ravaged all parts of India in the second half of the 19th century. The famine of 1896-97 affected over 9.5 crore people of whom nearly 45 lakhs died. The famine of 1899-1900 followed quickly and caused widespread distress. o The first of these famines occurred in Western U.P. in 1860-61 and cost over 2 lakh lives. o In 1865-66, a famine engulfed Orissa, Bengal, Bihar, and Madras and took a toll of nearly 20 lakh lives; Orissa alone lost 10 lakh people. o Perhaps the worst famine in Indian history till then occurred in 1876-78 in Madras, Mysore, Hyderabad, Maharashtra, Western U. P., and Punjab
(b) What methods were adopted by Ashoka to Spread Buddhism. Discuss.
Model Hints Ashoka practiced what he preached. Ashoka appointed officers called Dharma Mahamatras, Yuktas and Rajjukas to spread Dharma among the people. He also appointed StreeAdhyakshaMahamatra to take care of women and bring religious awareness among them. Ashoka personally visited the Buddhist holy places such as Lumbini Garden, Kapilvastu, Gaya, Saranath and Kushinagar and arranged discourses on religion. He spread the doctrines of Buddha by engraving them on rocks, pillars and on the walls of the caves throughout the vast empire. He constructed pillar at lumbini in nepal where Gautam buddha was born. He also helped in construction of vihars like that of Nalanda &Taxilla. He organizedMPPSCADDA the third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra in 250 BCE to settle the internal differences among the monks. Ashoka built a large number of monasteries all over the empire and spent large sums of money in endowing them. Also Buddhist missionaries were sent throughout India to Sri Lanka and South-East Asia and to as far west as Cyrene, Egypt, Syria, and Macedonia..For example he sent his son Mahendra and MPPSC 2020 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka with a Bodhi sapling as a symbol of peace. Simple local languages(like pali) & scripts(like kharosthi) were used for easy understanding of people. The idea was that through these mediums people in other parts of asia would understand & hence support Buddhist culture like ahimsa, non-vegetarianism, charity, simple life etc. Ashoka believed in Buddhist principles and he undertook many welfare activities. He dug wells, built rest houses, planted fruit bearing trees along road sides, constructed hospitals for men and animal and established schools. Ashoka made arrangement to feed the poor and physically unfit people. He was like a father to his subjects. His motto was ―Service and sacrifice‖ Many Buddhist symbols were carved out on various edicts and schools of Art like Mauryan School of Art flourished under his reign.
(c) Write a note on the decline of Indus Valley Civilization.
Model Hints With time, there was shrinkage in the Harappan Civilization. For instance, Mohenjodaro, one of the major cities of this civilization, earlier flourished on about eighty-five hectares of land but later on got confined to just three hectares. Due to some reason, the population from the Harappa started moving to the nearby and outer cities and places like Punjab, Upper Doab, Haryana, etc. Decline set in around 1900 BC and after 1700 BC, little remained in Harappan civilization. However, it did not come to an abrupt end within particular decade or century. Theory 1: Until recently, it was believed that Indus Cities were destroyed by the Aryans who entered India from Iran and Afghanistan through northwestern passes such as the Bolan and the Khyber. The evidences of this theory were two pronged.. Most ardent propounder of this theory was Sir Wheeler Geological Factors : Another theory considers a combination of natural and socio-economic factors. It is believed that the Indus Valley region experienced several tectonic disturbances which caused earthquakes. These upheavals not only disturbed their life but also changed courses of rivers or dried them up. The modern satellite imagery confirms dramatic shifts in the river courses, which might have caused great flood cutting the food producing areas from urban centres. This is evident from the quantities of silt layers in the upper levels of Mohenjo Daro indicating heavy floods. Rainfall Pattern Shift: Another natural reason might be changes in patterns of rainfall. During the mature Harappan age in 2500 BC, there was a great rise in the amount of rainfall, but by the beginning of the second millennium BC it had dropped dramatically thus affecting food production adversely. With the rivers shifting their courses, the rainfall declining and sufficient food failing to arrive from the countryside, there was a slow but inevitable collapse of the Indus system. Its final outcome was catastrophic for the Mature Harappan phase.This decline theory of environment degradation was given by John Marshall.
(d) Describe the Gupta administration in detail.
Model HintsMPPSCADDA The period for Gupta age is in between 320-540 AD. In this time actually in India rapid development took place in different fields like in the field of art, architecture literature, philosophy, trade, science, and agriculture. Therefore, this age is called the golden age of Indian history.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7
Rulers of Gupta Empire
Sri Gupta is the founder of Gupta dynasty. Chandragupta was the first powerful ruler. In 320 AD he ascended the throne. He had the matrimonial alliance with Lichchhavi princess. So, in the history of Gupta Empire, this was the main turning point. Samudragupta is the son of Chandragupta. Next, he became the commanding ruler. The Allahabad pillar has his glory and conquest described. This includes his court poet and Harisena. Chandragupta Vikramaditya came who is the reason behind the spread out and strengthen of Gupta Empire. In his rule, he visited India and occupied Saka territories. This way, the expansion of rule over the Indian subcontinent continued.
Administration and Military System of Gupta Empire The king basically ruled the central government. In contrast to the Maurya rulers, the Gupta kings adopted pompous titles such asparameshvara, maharajadhiraja, and paramabhattaraka which signify that they ruled over many lesser kings in their empire.The throne did not always go to the eldest son, creating uncertainties of which the chiefs and high officials took advantage. The Guptas organized a system of provincial and local administration. The empire was divided into divisions called bhukth, and each bhukti was placed under the charge of an uparika. The bhuktis were divided into districts (vishayas), which were placed under the charge of a vishayapati.The lower level administration had a group of villages. Gramadhyksha headed each of the villages. The Gupta bureaucracy was not as elaborate as that of the Mauryas. The most important officers in the Gupta empire were the kumaramatyas. They were appointed by the king in the home provinces and possibly paid in cash The Mahasenapatis played an important role. They lead the contingents of Calvary and elephants. They advised the kings about several matters.The numerical strength of the Gupta army is not known. Evidently the king maintained a standing army, which was supplemented by the forces occasionally supplied by his feudatories. Horse chariots receded into the background, and cavalry came to the fore. Horse archery became an important element in military tactics. During the Gupta period land taxes increased in number, and those on trade and commerce decreased. Probably the king collected taxes varying from one-fourth to one-sixth of the produce. The judicial system was far more developed under the Guptas than in earlier times. Several law-books were compiled during this period, and for the first time civil and criminal laws were clearly demarcated. Theft and adultery fell under criminal law, disputes regarding various types of property under civil law. The participation of leading artisans, merchants, elders, and others in the rural and urban administration also lessened the need to maintain a large retinue of officers. The Guptas neither needed nor had the elaborateMPPSCADDA administrative machinery of Maurya times, and in some ways their political system appears to have been feudal.
(e) Discuss in detail the regional history of Bhopal State.
Model Hints
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7
BHOPAL STATE Bhopal State was an independent state of the eighteenth century India. Dost Muhammad Khan : The state was founded by Dost Muhammad Khan, an Afghan soldier in the Mughal army. He took advantage of the disintegrating Mughal empire and annexed several territories. For instance, he usurped the Rajput principality of Mangalgarh and the Gond kingdom of Rani Kamlapati, after the death of their female rulers. He established his capital at Jagdishpur, 10 km from Bhopal and later renamed it as Islamnagar. During the early 1720s, Khan fortified the city of Bhopal and assumed the title of Nawab. In 1723, Bhopal came under the suzerainty of the Nizam of Hyderabad. In 1737, Marathas defeated the Mughals and the Nawab of Bhopal in the Battle of Bhopal, and started collecting tribute from the state. In 1818, Bhopal became a British princely state after the defeat of the Marathas in the Third Anglo- Maratha war. From 1818 to 1947 it was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India, and It was an independent state from 1947 to 1949. The state was finally merged into the Union of India in 1949 as Bhopal.
THE RULE OF THE BEGUMS Between 1819 and 1926, Bhopal state was ruled by four women-Begums—unique in the royalty of those days. In 1819, the history of Bhopal state took an interesting turn, when 18-year-old Qudsia Begum (also known as Gohar Begum) took over the reins after the assassination of her husband. Qudsia Begum was the first woman ruler, who was succeeded by her only daughter Sikandar Begum, who in turn was succeeded by her only daughter, Shah Jahan Begum. Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Bcgum was the last woman ruler, who after 25 years of rule, abdicated in favor of her son, Hamidullah Khan.
AFTER INDIAN INDEPENDENCE After India achieved Independence on 15 August 1947, Bhopal was one of the last states to sign the Instrument of Accession. The last Nawah expressed his wish to retain Bhopal as a separate unit. Agitations against the Nawab broke out in December 1948 leading to the arrest of prominent leaders including Shankar Dayal Sharma. Later, under public pressure, the political detainees were released and the Nawab signed the agreement for merger. The Bhopal princely state was taken over by the Union Government of India on 1 June 1949. The MPPSCADDAnew Bhopal State was declared a "Part C" state, governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 PART B 3 MARKERS 1. This question consists of very short answer type question. Each question is to be answered in 1 line (10 Words). There is no internal choice. Each question carries 3 marks
(a) Bhil Tribe in MP
Model Hints • It is the Largest Tribe of M.P and India both. • Mainly concentrated in Dhar, Jhabua, Ratlam and Nimar districts. • Mythologically, Meaning of Bhil is Bow (Bhil is derived from primitive word bil means Danush).
Supplementary Notes 24 Major Tribes in M.P. The no. reach up to 90 along with their subtribes.
• The population of tribes in M.P. is 1.53 crore, which is highest in India. • Among tribes, Bhils have the highest no. of population (46.18 Lakh) in M.P., followed by Gond (43.57 Lakh). 3 largest Tribes of India 1. Bhil, (46.18 lacs) 2. Gond (43.57 lakh) 3. Kol (11.67 lakh) 3 largest Tribes of MP 1. Bhil 2. Gond 3. Baiga Bhil Subtribes
• Bhil, Bhilala, Pataliya, Rathiyas, Begas. Among which status of Bhilala are considered as best.
(b) Horse Latitudes
Model HintsMPPSCADDA The horse latitudes are regions located at about 30 degrees north and south of the equator. These latitudes are characterized by calm winds and little precipitation. It is common in this region of the subtropics for winds to diverge and either flow toward the poles (known as the prevailing westerlies) or toward the equator (known as the trade winds). These diverging winds are
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 the result of an area of high pressure, which is characterized by calm winds, sunny skies and little or no precipitation. Warm airs rise from the equator cools down at the 30° North and South creating a high pressure belt which is known as The Horse Latitude.
(c) Define ‘Khadar Area’.
Model Hints: Khadar(New) Bhangar(Old)
1. The khadar soils are found in the low areas The Bhangar soils are found in higher reaches, of the valley, bottom of a valley which are about 30 m above the flood level. flooded every year. It is present in northern plains.
2. These soils are finer in texture. It contains 2. These soils are coarser in texture. new alluvium. Used extensively for agriculture
3. The khadar is light in colour and is 3. The bhangar is composed of lime nodules or composed of newer deposits. kanker and has a clayey composition.
(d) ConvectionalMPPSCADDA Rainfall
Model Hints The air on getting heated becomes light and rises in convection currents. As the air rises, it expands and drops the temperature and subsequently, condensation takes place and cumulus clouds are formed. MPPSC 2020 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Heavy rainfall with lightning and thunder takes place which does not last long. Such rain is usually in the summer or the hotter part of the day. This type of rainfall generally takes place in the equatorial regions and internal parts of the continents, predominantly in the northern hemisphere.
Supplementary Notes Rainfall has been classified into three main types based on the origin : 1. Convectional rainfall 2. Orographic or relief rainfall 3. Cyclonic or frontal rainfall
(e) Rift Valley
Model Hints A rift valley is a lowland region that forms where Earth's tectonic plates move apart, or rift. Rift valley, any elongated trough formed by the subsidence of a segment of the Earth's crust between dip- slip, or normal, faults. Rift valleys are found both on land and at the bottom of the ocean, where they are created by the process of seafloor spreading. Rift valleys differ from river valleys and glacial valleys in that they are created by tectonic activity and not the process of erosion.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (f) Great Barrier Reef
Model Hints The Great Barrier Reef is the world‘s largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. The reef is located in the Coral Sea (North-East Coast), off the coast of Queensland, Australia. The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world‘s biggest single structure made by living organisms. This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. It was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981. It contains the world‘s largest collection of coral reefs, with 400 types of coral, 1,500 species of fish and 4,000 types of mollusc. It also holds great scientific interest as the habitat of species such as the dugong (‗sea cow‘) and the large green turtle, which are threatened with extinction.
(g) Name two rivers of Madhya Pradesh, which flow through rift valley and form estuary.
Model Hints Rivers of Madhya Pradesh that flow thorough rift valley in India are: Narmada river, Tapti.
Narmada Flows through MP and Gujrat Rift valley is formed between two highlands like Narmada valley between Satpura and Vindhya ranges in Maharashtra.
Tapti MP, Maharashtra and Gujrat The river has a length of 724 km. Its origin is near Multai Reserve forest in MP. From there it enters Maharashtra and flows through western part of Vidarbha and Khandesh
(h) Grand Canyon is situated on which River? Model HintsMPPSCADDA A deep Valley with steep sides, often with a stream flowing through it is known as Canyon. Grand Canyon is known as World‘s largest Canyon. It is located in Arizona State of USA. The steep side of Grand Canyon has been cut out by the Colorado River for a length of more than 440 km.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7
(i) Bhedaghat
Model Hints Bhedaghat is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jabalpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a ghat situated by the side of river Narmada and is approximately 20 km from Jabalpur city. Its most famous sights are the Dhuandhar Falls, Marble Rocks, and the Chaunsath Yogini temple
MPPSCADDA
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (j) Mention the key gold producing areas of India.
Model Hints There are three gold fields in the country, namely Kolar Gold Field, Kolar district, Hutti Gold Field in Raichur district (both in Karnataka) and Ramgiri Gold Field in Anantpur district (Andhra Pradesh). Karnataka is the largest producer of gold in India.
Supplementary Notes Gold usually occurs in auriferous rocks. It is also found in sands of several rivers. Gold is also known as international currency. Resources in terms of the metal ore (primary) are located in Bihar (45 per cent) Rajasthan (23 per cent) Karnataka (22 per cent) West Bengal (3 per cent) Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh (2 per cent each)
Resources in terms of metal content Karnataka, Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, etc. Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields.
Gold: Facts According to the World Gold Council, India has gold reserves of more than 600 tonnes, the 10th largest in the world. U.S has the highest gold reserves with 8,133.5 tonnes of total gold reserves, followed by Germany with 3,366.8 tonnes and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with a holding of 2,451.8 tonnes The weight of gold is measured in troy ounces (1 troy ounce = 31.1034768 grams), however its purity is measured in ‘carats’. 24 carat is pure gold with no other metals.
(k) Name the districts of Madhya Pradesh with highest ravine affected land. Model HintsMPPSCADDA The Madhya Pradesh government envisages the conversion of the entire ravine area of 68,833 hectares falling in the three districts into into farm land: 1. Morena, 2. Sheopur and
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 3. Bhind.
Supplementary Notes The Chambal ravines that consist of sharp, steep, mud hillocks stretch across three states - Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh alone has 68,833 hectares of these ravines. In the "Ravine Reclamation Project", the new plan, called "Integrated Approach for the Reclamation of Ravines in the Chambal Region of Madhya Pradesh", state government eyes the ravines mostly along the rivers Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Kwari as well as the tributaries of Yamuna (Chambal is Yamuna's tributary). The Madhya Pradesh government envisages the conversion of the entire ravine area of 68,833 hectares falling in the three districts of Morena, Sheopur and Bhind into farm land.
Morena - District Profile Morena is one of the fifty two districts of Madhya Pradesh . The place gets its name from ―mor‖ (peacock) and ―raina‖- which means a place where peacocks are found in abundance and is home to the largest number of peacocks in India Location : Morena is located at 26.5°N 78.0°E. Elevation : It has an average elevation of 177 metres (580 feet). Major Rivers: Chambal, Kunwari, Asan, Sank
Sheopur - District Profile Sheopur is located in northern part of Madhya Pradesh. The district is located in the north of the state and forms part of Chambal Division. It is situated on the periphery of Rajsthan which shows an impact of Rajsthani culture in this district. The town of Sheopur is the district headquarters. The major tourist attraction is Palpur (Kuno) wildlife sanctuary.
Bhind District Profile Bhind is the Northernmost District of Madhya Pradesh,north east of Gwalior, situated at 26°34‘50‖ latitude and 78°48‘05‖ longitude. The MPPSCADDAdistrict lies in the valleys of Chambal and the Sind, between the Kunwari and the Pahuj rivers. The district spans from 25°54‘5‖ North to 26°47‘50‖ North and from 78°12‘45‖ East to 79°8‘30‖ 79°8‘30‖ East. The shape of the district is semi circular, bulging towards the north east The entire District lies in the Chambal valley. It forms the south western part of Ganga Valley. The Hills are only a few, small and isolated, mostly in the south west.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (l) Place of Origin of River Betwa.
Model Hints Betwa rises from the Kumargaon, Raisen district just north of Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh (from Vindhya Range) Betwa is a major river in India. It flows in South to North direction. During its total course of 590 km, Betwa river passes through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Betwa also passes through many major cities including, Vidisha, Sanchi and Orchha. Betwa empties in Yamuna river in Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh. Betwa is an intermittent river. Its flow significantly reduces or completely stops during certain parts of the year. Major left-bank tributaries of Betwa include Sindhu (Ashok Nagar-Guna). On the right-bank, Betwa receives tributaries named Bina (River) and Dhasaan. The Betwa River is being linked with the Ken River as a part of the river linking project in Madhya Pradesh.
(m) Man-made Disasters
Model Hints Man-made disasters have an element of human intent, negligence or error involving a failure of a man- made system, as opposed to natural disasters resulting from natural hazards. EventsMPPSCADDA such as gas leaks, oil spills, nuclear meltdowns, and industrial fires transpire through human error and carry grave consequences. Bhopal Disaster or the Bhopal gas tragedy (1984) - Often considered the world's worst industrial disaster, this gas leak incident at the Union Carbide India pesticide plant in Bhopal India occuried on the night of 2–3 December 1984
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (n) Gesynchronous Orbit.
Model Hints A geosynchronous orbit is a high Earth orbit that allows satellites to match Earth's rotation. Located at 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers) above Earth's equator, this position is a valuable spot for monitoring weather, communications and surveillance.From the center of the Earth, this is approximately 42,164 kilometers. This distance puts it in the high Earth orbit category. Because the satellite orbits at the same speed that the Earth is turning, the satellite seems to stay in place over a single longitude, though it may drift north to south. Geostationary orbits fall in the same category as geosynchronous orbits, but it‘s parked over the equator. This one special quality makes it unique from geosynchronous orbits.
(o) Peneplain
Model Hints The term peneplain means almost a geographical plain, was coined by great W. M. Davis in 1889. Peneplain is a gently undulating, almost featureless plain that, in principle, would be produced by fluvial erosion that would, in the course of geologic time, reduce the land almost to baselevel (sea level), leaving so little gradient that essentially no more erosion could occur. According to WM Davis, the peneplain is the final stage of hisMPPSCADDA geomorphic cycle of landform evolution.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 5 MARKERS
2. Write the answers of the following questions in 5-6 lines (50 words) each.
(a) Describe the geographical characteristics of Indian Islands.
Model Hints
Indian Islands Two groups of islands lie on the two oceans surrounding the main landmass of the subcontinent. The major islands groups of India are Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago (A chain of islands similar in origin) in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep islands in Arabian Sea.
Lakshadweep The Lakshadweep, which lies closer to the Malabar Coast. And, these consist of clusters of coral islands collectively named Lakshadweep.
Andaman & Nicobar Islands The Andaman & Nicobar Islands which are off the Bay of Bengal and lie on the Indian Ocean. These group of islands are larger in size than their western counterparts and have rich biodiversity. Because the Andaman & Nicobar islands are closer to the equator, the region also experiences equatorial climate. Andaman and Nicobar Islands were formed due to collision between Indian Plate and Burma Minor Plate [part of Eurasian Plate][Similar to formation of Himalayas]. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are southward extension of Arakan Yoma range [Myanmar] and Arakan Yoma in itself is an extension of Purvanchal Hills.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7
Supplementary Notes
Lakshadweep Islands In the Arabian Sea, there are three types of islands. o Amindivi Islands (consisting of six main islands of Amini, Keltan, Chetlat, Kadmat, Bitra and Perumul Par). [don‘t have to remember all these names] o Laccadive Islands (consisting of five major islands of Androth, Kalpeni, Kavaratti, Pitti and Suheli Par) and o Minicoy Island. At present these islands are collectively known as Lakshadweep. The Lakshadweep Islands are a group of 25 small islands. They are widely scattered about 200-500 km south-west of the Kerala coast. Amendivi Islands are the northern most while the Minicoy island is the southernmost. All are tiny islands of coral origin {Atoll} and are surrounded by fringing reefs. The largest and the most advanced is Lakshadweep Islands the Minicoy island with an area of 4.53 sq km. Most of the islands have low elevation and do not rise more than five metre above sea level (Extremely Vulnerable to sea level change). These islands are a part Reunion Hotspot volcanism.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands This archipelago is composed of 265 big and small islands [203 Andaman islands + 62 Nicobar Islands] The Andaman and Nicobar islands extend from 6° 45′ N to 13° 45′ N and from 92° 10′ E to 94° 15′ E for a distance about 590 km. The Andaman islands are divided into three main islands i.e. North, Middle and South. Duncan passage separates Little Andaman from South Andaman. The Great Andaman group of islands in the north is separated by the Ten Degree Channel from the Nicobar group in the south. Port Blair, the capital of Andaman Nicobar Islands lies in the South Andaman. Among the Nicobar islands, the Great Nicobar is the largest. It is the southernmost island and is very close to Sumatra island of Indonesia. The Car Nicobar is the northernmost. Most of these islands are made of tertiary sandstone, limestone and shale resting on basic and ultrabasic volcanoes [Similar to Himalayas]. The Barren and Narcondam Islands, north of Port Blair, are volcanic islands [these are the only active volcanoesMPPSCADDA in India][There are no active volcanoes in main land India]. Some of the islands are fringed with coral reefs. Many of them are covered with thick forests. Most of the islands are mountainous. Saddle peak (737 m) in North Andaman is the highest peak.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (b) Describe the ocean current of Pacific Ocean.
Model Hints
Currents of the Pacific Ocean : Pacific Ocean is divided into North Pacific and South Pacific. A. Currents of the North Pacific Ocean 1. North Equatorial Current. 2. Kuroshio Current. 3. North Pacific Current. 4. Californian Current. 5. British Columbia or Alaska Current. Oya Shio Cold Current. 6. Okhotsk Current.
Note: Due to the meeting of warm Kuroshio current from the south and cold Oya Shio current from the north, a very dense fog occurs near the coast of Japan. B. Currents of the South Pacific Ocean Following are the currents of the South Pacific Ocean: 1. South Equatorial Current. 2. East Australian Current. 3. South Pacific Current. 4. Peru Current.
Counter Equatorial Current Between the North and the South Equatorial Currents, a current flows from west to east which is known as the Counter Equatorial Current. The North and the South Equatorial Currents cause accumulation of water in the western parts which disturbs the surface level. This difference in level makes the Counter Equatorial current flow eastward.
MPPSCADDA
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7
(c) Give a brief account the coal reserves of Madhya Pradesh.
Model Hints
Madhya Pradesh Coal Reserves The fifth-largest coal-bearing state in India is the central state of Madhya Pradesh, where coal deposits add up to about 8% of the country‘s total. The main coal deposits of the state lie in Singrauli, Muhpani, Satpura, Pench Kanhan and Sohagpur. Singrauli is the largest coalfield of MP. It supplies coal to the thermal power plants at Singrauli and Obra. Total coal reserves in Madhya Pradesh amount to 27.99 billion tonnes.
Supplementary Notes India holds the fifth-largest coal reserves in the world. More than 70% of the country‘s electricity generation is coal-based, with 70% of the fuel coming from the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. About 98% of the fuel in India is Gondwana coal — the oldest kind of the fossil fuel, formed around 250 million years ago. India‘s commercial coal mining industry was launched in 1774, by the East India Company along the Damodar River in West Bengal. A report from 31 March 2018, estimated the subcontinent possessed just over 319 billion tonnes of coal reserves. The 2018–19 fiscal saw India‘s total coal production amount to about 730 million tonnes, which is combined with imports of 240 million tonnes — making India the world‘s second-biggest importer of the fossil fuel. More than 70% of the country‘s electricity generation is coal-based, with 70% of the fuel coming from the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. About 98% of the fuel in India is Gondwana coal — the oldest kind of the fossil fuel, formed around 250 million years ago. 1. Jharkhand: Coal reserves 83.15 billion tonnes Located in north-east India, the state of Jharkhand top the list of India‘s coal reserves — at more than 26% — and production. The state‘s main coal mining centres are Jharia, Bokaro, Auranga, Giridh, Dhanbad, Ramgarh, Karanpur and Hutar. Most of these coal fields are located in a narrow belt that runs east to west. The Jharia coalfield, which is located south of Dhanbad, is India‘s oldest and richest coalfield with the best of bituminous coal in its reserves.MPPSCADDA The total coal reserves in Jharkhand are estimated to be 83.15 billion tonnes. 2. Odisha: Coal reserves 79.30 billion tonnes Second on the list for coal reserves is the state of Odisha. Situated on the east coast of India, it has more than 24% of the country‘s total reserves and is responsible for about 15% of India‘s total coal production. A majority of the state‘s coal reserves lie in the Dhenkanal, Sambalpur and Sundargarh districts. Odisha‘s biggest coalfield, Talchar coalfield, covers an area of about 500 square kilometers (km2).
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Estimated coal deposits in Odisha amount to about 79.30 billion tonnes. 3. Chhattisgarh: Coal reserves 57 billion tonnes The central Indian state of Chhattisgarh holds about 17% of the country‘s coal deposits and is the third- largest in terms of coal reserves. Although the biggest coalfield in Chhattisgarh is the Hasdeo-Arand coalfield, with an area of 1878km2, 1502km2 comprise forest area. The next-largest Korba coalfield lies over an area of 530km2 in the Hasdeo river valley. Other major coalfields in Chhattisgarh include Chirmiri, Johilla and Jhimli. The state‘s coal reserves add up to a total of more than 57 billion tonnes. 4. West Bengal: Coal reserves 31.67 billion tonnes. Fourth in the list comes the eastern state of West Bengal, home to about 11% of India‘s total coal reserves. West Bengal‘s most important reserve and mining field is the Raniganj coalfield, which covers over 185km2 in the Bardhman and Birbhum districts. The deposits here contain 50-65% carbon, making the quality of coal some of the best in the country. The districts covering West Bengal‘s coal deposits are Darjeeling, Bardhman, Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Puruliya. Total coal reserves add up to 31.67 billion tonnes. 5. Madhya Pradesh: Already explained
(d) Explain the physiography of Baghelkhand region.
Model Hints
Location Baghelkhand lies in the Eastern part of Madhya Pradesh or we can say it lies in the East of the river Son and in the South of Son river valley. On map its location is 23°40' N to 24°35'N latitude and 80°5' E to 82°47' E longitude. The plateau of Baghelkhand is the first of the great eastern plateaus. Located in the central part of Peninsular ‘Foreland‘ i.e. between the alluvial stretches of the great plains and the Deccan, it naturally presents a transitional zone incorporating the Vindhyachal and Satpura. The altitude being ranged from 150 m to 1200 m, proves the monopoly of uneven high ranging scarps. Between these scarps are arranged in steps the plateaus of Satna, Rewa .and Mirzapure in a descending orders. The Baghelkhand plateau is 500 m high above the sea level. Districts The Bhaghelkhand plateau covers various districts of Madhya Pradesh and they are mentioned below: o Sidhi o Shahdol o Anuppur oMPPSCADDA Umaria o Singroli o Rewa o Satna Rivers Various rivers use to flow from this region and the name of these rivers are mentioned below:
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 o Son o Hasdo o Johila o Vanas o Rihand Forest This plateau is 50% covered by forest. The forest which is found here is Tropical deciduous forest. The main products of these forests are: Sal Sagon Bamboos Tendu patta Minerals - Baghelkhand is a part of Chhota Nagpur plateau, due to this reason various types of minerals are here. The main minerals are mentioned below: o Coal in Shahdol o Lime stone in Shahdol o Corundum in Sidhi etc. Soil Various types of soils are found in this area and they are: black, red, yellow etc. The rocks and mountain ranges in this area are very ancient and even of Jurassic period. The Gondwana range of this region is reckoned amongst the oldest formation of world.
(e) Describe the Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984.
Model Hints
Bhopal Gas Tragedy . On the night of 2nd -3rd December, 1984 Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) a deadly gas leaked over the city of Bhopal from the plant of Union Carbide India Limited(UCIL) at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh which manufactured pesticides. . It led to several thousand deaths and more than 500,000 people being exposed to MIC and other hazardous chemicals and causing a disaster which is referred as one of the worst industrial disaster. . The plant was controlled by UCIL which is a subsidiary of the US based company UCC (Union Carbide Corporation), which provided negligible help to deal with the tragedy.
Impact The MPPSCADDAdisaster resulted in people suffering from ailments such as anaemia, tuberculosis but nobody could find the complete health effects caused by MIC and how to treat it.
The children born to mothers who were exposed to the gas were also the victims of the MIC. The neo natal mortality rate rose manifold
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (f) Disaster Mitigation
Model Hints Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards through proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster occurs. Even if the hazard cannot be removed, vulnerability can be decreased and in case of an impact, the capacity to withstand, to respond and to recover will be stronger. The mitigation strategy is made up of three main required components: mitigation goals, mitigation actions, and an action plan for implementation. These provide the framework to identify, prioritize and implement actions to reduce risk to hazards. Principle objectives of Disaster Mitigation Save lives Reduce economic disruption Decrease vulnerability/increase capacity Decrease chance/level of conflict
(g) Economic Significance of KIRKUK.
Model Hints
Kirkuk is a city in Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate, located 238 kilometres (148 miles) north of Baghdad.
Pipelines from Kirkuk run through Turkey to Ceyhan on the Mediterranean Sea and were one of the two main routes for the export of Iraqi oil
In 1927, Iraqi and American drillers working for the foreign-owned and British-led Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) struck a huge oil gusher in Kirkul. and started exporting oil in 1934.
The presence of the oil industry had an effect on Kirkuk's demographics. The exploitation of Kirkuk's oil, which began around 1930, attracted both Arabs and Kurds to the city in search of work PipelinesMPPSCADDA from Kirkuk run through Turkey to Ceyhan on the Mediterranean Sea and were one of the two main routes for the export of Iraqi oil under the Oil-for-Food Programme following the Gulf War of 1991.
But poor reservoir-management practices during the Saddam Hussein years permanently damaged Kirkuk's oil field
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (h) Discuss Cement Industry of Madhya Pradesh.
Model Hints Key industry sectors in Madhya Pradesh are cement, textiles, mining and edible oils. The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. Madhya Pradesh ranks 3rd in production of cement in India Cement production in Madhya Pradesh reached 20.02 million metric tonnes during 2008-09, accounting for 12 per cent of the national production. Production at more than 100% capacity utilization in last four years Satna – main cement producing region in MP with many major cement plants located there Total installed capacity of production of cement in MP is 19.37 MT (as on March 2009) The State consumes approximately 40% of its total production Availability of coal in the State gives a good option to cement manufacturing companies to set up captive power plant so as to save their power cost in production of Cement Limestone deposits of 8 mn tonnes in Damoh-Panna area and 20 mn tonnes in Bela-Pagra of Rewa considered highly prospective regions for Cement manufacturing. There are nine major cement plants in the state. Rewa, Satna, Damoh, Katni, Sidhi & Neemuch. o ACC, CementLtd., Kymore,District –Katni. o Vikram cement, Khor, Neemuch o J. P. Rewa Plant, Naubasta, Rewa (Cement) o J. P. Bela Plant, Maddepur, Rewa (Cement) o Diamond cement factory Pvt. Ltd., Nursinghgarh, Teh.- Patheria, Distt.Damoh (MP). o Diamond cement factory Pvt. Ltd., Imlai, Teh.- Damoh, Distt.Damoh o Satna cement works (unit of MP Birla corporation Ltd) o Prism Cement and Maihar Cement,Satna o J.P. Sidhi Cement Plant (Unit of Jaiprakash Asociates) o Asbestos Cement Sheet factory in Katni
Industrial Advantage Madhya Pradesh Leading producer of cement, textiles and edible oils First state to develop a greenfield Special Economic Zone MPPSCADDATrack record of attracting private investment in transport infrastructure Potential for developing automobile and pharmaceutical industries Relatively low cost of labour and infrastructure Rapid improvement in social development indices
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(i) Types of Satellites used for Remote Sensing.
Model Hints The Indian Remote Sensing satellite system has one of the largest constellations of remote sensing satellites in operation in the world today.
IRS series of satellites provide data in a variety of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions.
The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is the focal point for distribution of remote sensing satellite data products in India and its neighboring countries.
NRSC has an earth station at Shadnagar, about 55 Km from Hyderabad, to receive data from almost all contemporary remote sensing satellites.
IRS satellites
Based on the Application , Remote Sensing Satellites are divided into:
EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITE
RESOURCESAT – 1
RESOURCESAT – 1, the tenth satellite in IRS series, was launched onboard PSLV – C5 in 2003.
It was placed in 820 km high polar Sun Synchronous Orbit.
The images and data are being used for advanced applications like vegetation dynamics, crop yield estimates, disaster management support.
CARTOSAT – 1
CARTOSAT – 1 was launched into a 617 km polar sun synchronous orbit in 2005 on board PSLV – C6 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), SHAR, Sriharikota.
The data from Cartosat-1 is used for the preparation of cartographic maps, cadastral mapping updation, land use and GIS applications
CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT Satelllite
OCEANSAT – 2
The main objectives of OCEANSAT – 2 are to study surface winds and ocean surface strata, observation of chlorophyll concentrations, monitoring of phytoplankton blooms, study of atmospheric aerosols and suspended sediments in the water. SARAL MPPSCADDA SARAL or Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa is a cooperative altimetry technology mission of ISRO and CNES (Space Agency of France), was successfully launched on 25 February 2013.
The overall objectives are to assess development of operational oceanography, understanding of climate and developing forecasting capabilities.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Megha-Tropiques
Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint Satellite Mission for studying the water cycle and energy exchanges in the tropics.
The main objective of this mission is to understand the life cycle of convective systems that influence the tropical weather and climate and their role in associated energy and moisture budget of the atmosphere in tropical regions.
DISASTER MANGEMENT Satellite
RISAT – 2
RISAT – 2 is a Radar Imaging Satellite using an active SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imager with all weather capability to take images of the earth.
This Satellite will enhance ISRO‘s capability for Disaster Management applications.
India‘s first satellite with SAR and has a day-night, all-weather monitoring capability.
(j) Write a note on economic significance of Mediterranean type of Climate.
Model Hints
Distribution Entirely confined to the western portion of continental masses, between 30° and 45° north and south of the equator. The basic cause of this type of climate is the shifting of the wind belts. Mediterranean Sea has the greatest extent of this type of ‗winter rain climate‘, and gives rise to the name Mediterranean Climate.
Agriculture in the Mediterranean Climate Orchard farming: The Mediterranean lands are also known as the world‘s orchard lands. A wide range of citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, citrons and grapefruit are grown. Crop cultivation: Wheat is the leading food crop. Barley is the next most popular cereal.
Wine production Viticulture is by tradition a Mediterranean occupation. Regions bordering the Mediterranean Sea account for three-quarters of the world‘s production of wine. Some 85 per cent of grapes produced, go into wine. The MPPSCADDAlong, sunny summer allows the grapes to ripen. Economy Net exporter of citric fruits and net importer of dairy products. Clear skies in summer and good landscapes encourage tourism
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------11 MARKERS
3. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each.
(a) Give a brief account of the ground-water resource potential of the Ganga, Narmada and Krishna basin after describing the sources of their recharge and drift.
Model Hints
Ganga River
The total length of the Ganga is about 2,510 km.
The river basin is bounded by the Himalayas on the north, by the Aravalli on the west, by the Vindhyas and Chhotanagpur plateau on the south and by the Brahmaputra Ridge on the east.
The river is a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs
Source of origin: The Ganga rises from the Gangotri glacier near Gomukh in Uttarkashi district of the state of Uttarakhand. ConfluenceMPPSCADDA or Mouth: The Ganga river drains into the Bay of Bengal before forming a very huge delta. River Recharge: The Himalayan rivers have their source from glaciers due to melting of snow. This is further supplemented in the monsoon by rains. Hence they are perennial. The Ganges has minimum flow from the months of January to June, which increases from August due to the monsoon and decreases gradually by October to December. It is a river with a perennial flow, with a monsoon regime. Its
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 maximum flow recorded is about 55,000 cusec and minimum about 1500 cusec
The Ganges basin in India has a serious problem of water availability. The basin area, which is only one twelfth that of the United States, has a population greater than the total U.S. population, and it is increasing at a rate of 2.5% per annum. About 77% of the population is engaged in agriculture which is totally dependent on irrigation, as almost 85% of rainfall takes places in 2–3 monsoon months.
Narmada
The Narmada, the largest west flowing river of the Peninsula, It is the fifth largest river in the country and the largest one in Gujarat.. The total length of the river from source to sea is 1312 kilometers (815 miles) while the length up to dam site is 1163 kilometers.
Source : Rises near Amarkantak range of mountains in Madhya Pradesh.
Confluence: It traverses Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat and meets the Gulf of Cambay.
River Recharge: The Peninsular rivers are sourced mainly by the monsoon rains. Their flow is very minimal in the summer months, and is maximum in August with the rains. Narmada has its maximum flow in August, which drops immediately by October.
Basin: The total basin area of the river is 97,410 square kilometer comprising 85,858 square kilometer in Madhya Pradesh, 1658 square kilometer in Maharashtra and 9894 square kilometer in Gujarat. The drainage area up to dam site is 88,000 square kilometer. The mean annual rainfall in the basin is 112 centimeters. The utilisation of Narmada River basin today is hardly about 10%. Thus water of the Narmada continue to flow to the sea unsued.
MPPSCADDA
NARAMADA BASIN
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Krishna
The Krishna River is the fourth-biggest river in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Godavari and Brahmaputra.
Source: The Krishna river originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar at an elevation of about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), in the state of Maharashtra in central India. It is one of the longest rivers in India. The Krishna river is around 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) in length (282 kilometres (175 mi) in Maharashtra). It is one of the most suitable arable basin as 75.6 % area of the Krishna basin is under cultivation because of availability of water.
Confluence or Mouth: The Kaveri river drains into the Bay of Bengal before forming a huge delta.
River Recharge: The Peninsular rivers are sourced mainly by the monsoon rains. The Krishna flows at a low level until May. It attains maximum water flow twice—one in May-June and the other in July- August. October is the month of high floods in the Krishna River. Floods in the river coincide with the Southwest monsoon — from middle of June till the end of September and the Northeast monsoon — from October to November.
Groundwater Resource potential Groundwater is the most preferred source of water in various user sectors in India on account of its near universal availability, dependability and low capital cost. The increasing dependence on ground water as a reliable source of water has resulted in indiscriminate extraction in various parts of the country without due regard to the recharging capacities of aquifers and other environmental factors. As per the latest assessment, the annual replenishable ground water resource of country has been estimated as 433 billion cubic meter (bcm), out of which 399 bcm is considered to be available for development for various uses. The irrigation sector remains the major consumer of ground water, accounting for 92% of its annual withdrawal. The level of groundwater utilisation is relatively high in the river basins lying in north-western region and parts of south India. The groundwater utilisation is very high in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. However, there are States like Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala, etc., which utilise only a small proportion of their groundwater potentials. States like Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura and Maharashtra are utilising their ground water resources at a moderate rate. MPPSCADDA
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MPPSCADDA
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 (b) Describe the drainage system of Madhya Pradesh.
Model Hints
DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF MADHYA PRADESH
RIVERS LENGTH FACTS Total length is 1312 KM but Other names of Narmada isNamados [by Ptolemy], in MP it flows 1077 KM. Rew, Maikalsutraetc Catchment area is 93180 Indira Sagar [Punasa Dam] and Sardarsarovar are sqkms dams build on Narmada river. Major waterfalls include Kapildhara, Dudghdhara, Narmada river Dhuandhar fall, Mandar, Dardi fall It originates at Amarkantak SahastraDharaetc [Anuppur District] in Maikal hills
Drains at Gulf of Khambhat, Arabian Sea It is the 2nd longest river of Its major tributaries include Sindh, Kali Sindh, MP with total length on 965 Paravti, Banas, Shipra etc kms. It originates from Janapav Chambal hill near Mhow [Indore It marks northern boundary of MP with rajasthan River District] Major dams include Gandhi sagar, RanaPratap It falls in Yamuna river near Sagar, Jawahar Sagaretc Etawah [UP] It flows through Dhar, Ujjain, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Morena, Shoepur, Bhind districts etc
The total length of the river It marks the boundary between MP and UP. from its origin to its It passes through Vidisha, Bhopal, Sagar, confluence with Yamuna is Tikamgarh in MP 590 kilometres It is also referred at Ganga of MP and was called It originates at Kumara Vetravati in ancient puranans Betwa river Village in Raisen district Its tributaries includes Bina, Dhasan, Sindhuetc Confluence is with Yamuna Mata -Tila reservoir is build on it Vidhisha, near Hameerpur [UP] Orcha, Sanchi, Guna are major towns located on the banks of Betwa. MPPSCADDA It flows westwards over a length of 724 km It flows parallel with Narmada and flows east to Tapti River west. It originates at Multai [Betul It‘s main tributary is Purna [west bank] District], MP Burhanpur is the major town located at its bank
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It falls at Gulf of Khambat [Arabian Sea] in Gujarat
The Son river which is 784 In MP it flows through Anupur, Umeria, Shahdol, kilometres long, is one of the Sidhi, Rewa, Singrauli districts longest Indian rivers Bansagar dam is build at Devlod [Shahdol District] It originates in Amarkantak Johila is its main tributary Son River [Anupur district] near
Narmada river origin
It confluence with Ganga river near Danapur in Bihar
The Tawa is the Narmada's Longest dam of MP is located on Tawa at longest tributary, at 172 km. Hoshangabad
It originates from Kalibhit hills in Mahadeo mountain MP‘s only hill station Pachmarhi is located on Tawa River [Pachmarhi] Tawa river
It joins the Narmada at the village of BandraBhan in Hoshangabad District.
(c) Give the distribution of wheat and rice producing areas in the State of Madhya Pradesh.
Model Hints
Madhya Pradesh, with its large area, enjoys diverse climatic and soil conditions suitable for a broad range of agricultural products. Agriculture sector in Madhya Pradesh forms the backbone of its economy. It contributes almost one-fourth of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and is the main source of employment for over 65 percent of the population and constitutes about 60- 75 percent of the rural income. The state is a large producer of soybean and wheat. Sharbati variety of famous wheat is grown in Sehore,MPPSCADDA Vidisha and Ashok Nagar districts, and in some parts of Bhopal and Hoshangabad. Madhya Pradesh leads in the production of gram, linseed, green pea, garlic and coriander. The state is also a major producer of linseed, mustard, sunflower and safflower. Agro-climatic diversity and topographical variations enable the state to grow a wide range of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cash crops, besides being home to myriad varieties of plant species, both in forest areas and outside.
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Madhya Pradesh is divided into five Crop Zones: • 5 Crop Zones are : o Rice Zone o Wheat Rice Zone o Wheat Zone o Wheat Jowar Zone o Cotton Jowar Zone
Area of Food grains 2015-16 Rice 2024.0 43499.2 Wheat 5911.0 30417.8 Total Food grains 15658.0 123217.4
No. CROP AGROCLIMATIC DISTRICTS COVERED ZONES REGIONS
1 Rice Chattisgarh plains Balaghat. zone 1
2 Rice Northern Hill Shahdol,Mandla,Dindori,Anuppur, zone 2 Region of Sidhi(Partly), Umaria. Chhattisgarh
3 Wheat Kymore Plateau & Rewa,Satna,Panna,Jabalpur,Seoni, Rice Satpura Hills Katni, Sidhi (except Singroli tehsil ). Zone
4 Wheat Central Narmada Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad zone 1 Valley Sehore(Partly),Raisen(Partly).
5 Wheat Vindhya Plateau Raisen(except Bareli Teh.), zone 2 Sehore (except Budni Teh.), MPPSCADDAGuna(Partly).
6 Wheat Gird Region Gwalior,Bhind,Morena, Sheopur-Kala, Jowar Shivpuri,(exceptPichore, Karera, zone Narwar, Khania- dana Teh.), Guna(except Aron, Raghogarh,
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Chachoda Tehsil) Ashoknagar .
7 Wheat Bundelkhand Chhattarpur,Datia,Tikamgarh, & Jowar Shivpuri(Partly) zone
8 Wheat Satpura Plateau Betul & Chhindwara Jowar Zone 2
(d) Evaluate the National Population Policy 2000.
Model Hints India has the second largest Population in the world after China. To provide a policy framework with respect to population, the National Population Policy was introduced in 2000. NPP 2000 was made to make sustainable population as per its economic growth by 2045.
Significant feature of National Population Policy 2000 Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30/100 live births Free and compulsury education upto 14 years Universal immumnization of childrens delayed marriage of girls Preventing spred of AIDS and other Communicable diseases 100 percent registration of birth, death ,marriage and pregnancy Promote the importance of small family Reduce maternity mortality rate to below 100/100000 live birth Meet the basic needs of reproduction (contraception),supplies and infrastructure, child health services Promote 80% institutional deliveries and 100% deliveries by traines person.
Critical Evaluation India‘s national population policies have failed to achieve their objectives as we remain world‘s second largest populated country. The population of India in 1951 was 35 crore, but by 2011, it had increased to 121 crore. There have been few shortcomings. FirstlyMPPSCADDA, the NPP have a narrow perspective, give much importance to contraception and sterilization. The basic prerequisite of meaningfully controlling population include poverty alleviation, improving the standards of living and the spread of education. Secondly, on national scale the policy was not publicized and failed to generate mass support in favour of population control.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Thirdly, we have insufficient infrastructure owing to the lack of trained staff, lack of adequate aptitude among the staff and limited use or misuse of the equipment for population control resulted in failure of the policy. Lastly, the use of coercion during the Emergency (1976-77) caused a serious resentment among the masses. This made the very NPP itself very unpopular
(e) Give the measures taken for relief and rehabilitation in disaster management.
Model Hints Disasters like Earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, floods, landslides and forest fires can cause catastrophic damage to life and property. The work undertaken by the government in providing disaster relief focuses on quick response to such unfortunate natural occurrences, and the provision of essential relief such as safe drinking water, medical aid, health camps, and supply of daily essentials to the affected communities. In certain instances, once the immediate needs are taken care of, the government machinery engages with the community to set up pathways for long-term rehabilitation — including the focus on livelihoods and infrastructure for education and health services.
Provisions according to the Disaster Management Act 2005 An Act to provide for the effective management of disasters Enacted by Parliament Received assent of the President of India on 23rd December 2005 Notified on 26.12.05 Came into effect from 1st August, 2007 Applicable to the whole of India Standards of Relief according to the Act Minimum requirements to be provided in the relief camps in relation to shelter, food, drinking water medical cover and sanitation Special provision for widows and orphans Ex-gratia assistance on account of loss of life Assistance for damage to house and restoration of livelihood Relief provision
The MPPSCADDANational Authority may in case of disasters of severe magnitude recommend relief in repayment of loans or grant of fresh loans to the persons affected by disaster on such terms as may be appropriated. 4 Levels of management National, State, Disctrict and Local level District Authority
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 Its the power of District Authority to Stock pile, relief and rescue materials. Local Authorities Carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in the affected area in accordance with the state plan and district plan. Local authority may take such other measures as may be necessary for disaster management. Financial Aspect – Central Govt. National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) Response fund will be made available to the National Executive Committee to be applied towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.
MPPSCADDA
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 7 NOTES
MPPSCADDA
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MPPSCADDA
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