Is There “Patent” in Islam? Tabrez Y

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Is There “Patent” in Islam? Tabrez Y. Ebrahim [email protected] Source: Inventor Spot 1 Roadmap 1) Introduction: Law in Islam, Sources of Law, & Schools of Jurisprudence 2) Formulating a Positive Normative Theory of “Patent” in Islam, + Parallel to Islamic Finance 3) Establishing a Patentable Eligibility Examination Framework in Countries Governed by Sharia 4) Case Study Countries (Oman, Qatar, & Saudi Arabia): Patent Laws & Economic Development 5) Q&A Primary & Secondary Sources of Law in Islam scholarly analogy Quran consensus Sharia (Primary & Secondary public Sources of Law) interest Sunnah equity Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) necessity [human understanding of Sharia] custom continuity . Sunni Shia Ibadi Oman Hanafi Hanbali Maliki Shafi’i “12ers” Ismai’li Saudi Arabia Qatar Analysis of Sharia à Research Questions Property Intellectual Property Copyright Patent Tr ade m ar k Tr ade Law Law Law Secret Law Patent Post-Issuance Proceedings Eligibility (Administrative Law) Property Classifications à Legal Tension Property (classification) ownership chattel type of right primary / incidental usufruct proprietary justification limitations for “patent” on “patent” Spectrum commons trespass public usufruct exclusivity domain • Roman/Civilian usage incomplete • conceptual usage limited ownership duration Property Theory Debate profit w/o concealment of effort & labor? knowledge ? Property (classification) monopolization? idenfiniteness? ownership chattel type of right primary / incidental physical possession? speculative risk ? Hanafi usufruct proprietary justification limitations for “patent” on “patent” ethics? Parallel to Islamic Finance: Proposed Sharia Board as Assessor of Patent Eligibility Traditional Murabaha Justifying Patents Goods Inventions (immediate delivery) (immediate delivery) Supplier Patent Society: Financier Office + of goods Sharia Property immediate payment Trustee Board immediate trustee Deferred Lifetime of a Goods Payment Patent Patent (immediate (includes a Application (filing Date + delivery) mark up) (immediate years until delivery) expiration) Customer Inventor U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO): Revised Patent Eligibility Guidance Proposed Examination by a Sharia Board [NOT in a patent office , NOT by patent examiners] Contributions § à Property-centric clarification of usufructs as justification for the construct of “patent” in Islam • (1) clarification of usufructs • (2) recognition of commerce, profit, & trade § à Application of clarification towards patent eligibility • (3) lessening of what may be patent eligible in biotechnology (cloning, gene editing, stem cells) & software applications (A.I., M.L., predictive analytics) • (4) move patent eligibility examination to be administered by a Sharia Board Q&A Is There “Patent” in Islam? Tabrez Y. Ebrahim [email protected] Source: Inventor Spot 1.

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Dr. Javed Ahmed Qureshi School of Studies in Law Jiwaji University GWALIOR - 474 011 (MP), INDIA LAW B.A.LL.B. IV-SEM MUSLIM LAW BY Dr. JAVED AHMED QURESHI DATE- 04-04-2020 MALIKI SCHOOL Maliki school is one of the four schools of fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. It is the second largest of the four schools, followed by about 25% Muslims, mostly in North Africa and West Africa. This school is not a sect, but a school of jurisprudence. Technically, there is no rivalry or competition between members of different madrasas, and indeed it would not be unusual for followers of all four to be found in randomly chosen American or European mosques. This school derives its name from its founder Imam Malik-bin-Anas. It originates almost to the same period as the Hanafi school but it flourished first in the city of Madina. Additionally, Malik was known to have used ray (personal opinion) and qiyas (analogy). This school is derives from the work of Imam Malik. It differs in different sources from the three other schools of rule which use it for derivation of regimes. All four schools use the Quran as the primary source, followed by Prophet Muhammad's transmitted as hadith (sayings), ijma (consensus of the scholars or Muslims) and Qiyas (analogy).In addition, the School of Maliki uses the practice of the people of Madina (Amal Ahl al-Madina) as a source. While the Hanafi school relies on Ijma (interpretations of jurists), the Maliki school originates from Sunna and Hadis.
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