Indexes to Volume 351 (B)

Author index Acheson, A. & Lindsay, R. M. Non target-derived roles of Carlson, S. J. See Williams et al. the neurotrophins, 417. Chambon, P. See Le Douarin et al. Ackerly, D. D. See Donoghue & Ackerly. Champely, S. See Bjornstad et al. Albon, S. D. See Pemberton et al. Chan, C. L. See Gross et al. Anand, P. Neurotrophins and peripheral neuropathy, 449. Chapman, L. See Rhodes et al. Anderson, R. M. See Rhodes & Anderson. Clarke, A. See Wells & Clarke. Armanini, M. P. See Phillips & Armanini. Clarke, B., Johnson, M. S. & Murray, J. Clines in the genetic Ashali, H. See Manley et al. distance between two species of island land snails: how Avruch, J. See Woodgett et al. ‘molecular leakage5 can mislead us about speciation, 773. Clarke, M. R. Cephalopods as prey. III. Cetaceans, 1053. Baddeley, A. & Della Sala, S. Working memory and Clarke, M. R. The role of cephalopods in the world’s oceans: executive control, 1397. general conclusions and the future, 1105. Barde, Y.-A. See Ockel et al. Clarke, M. R. The role of cephalopods in the world’s oceans: Barnes, D. K. A. & Peck, L. S. Epibiota and attachment an introduction, 979. substrata of deep-water brachiopods from Antarctica Clarke, R. T. See Hochberg et al. and New Zealand, 677. Clutton-Brock, T. H. See Marrow et al.; see also Pemberton et Barrett, S. C. H. The reproductive biology and genetics of al. island plants, 725. Cohen, J. D., Braver, T. S. & O’Reilly, R. C. A com­ Barrett, S. C. H., Harder, L. D. & Worley, A. C. The putational approach to prefrontal cortex, cognitive comparative biology of pollination and mating in control and schizophrenia: recent developments and flowering plants, 1271. current challenges, 1515. Barth, F. G. See Devarakondra et al. Colbourne, J. K. & Hebert, P. D. N. The systematics of Barton, N. H. Natural selection and random genetic drift as North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Anomopoda): a causes of evolution on islands, 785. molecular phylogenetic approach, 349. Bataillon, T. See Schoen et al. Collins, D. H. See Conway Morris & Collins. Benfield, J. N. See Boulter et al. Conway Morris, S. & Collins, D. H. Middle Cambrian Bennett, P. M. See Cunningham et al. ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Benton, M. J. See Wilkinson & Benton. Columbia, Canada, 279. Bergstrom, J. See Hou et al. Cook, L. M. See Cameron et al. Berman, K. F. See Weinberger & Berman. Cook, L. M. & Jones, D. A. The medionigra gene in the moth Berry, R. J. Small mammal differentiation on islands, 753. Panaxia dominula: the case of selection, 1623. Bignell, D. E. See Eggleton et al. Cooke, F. See Stephens et al. Bignell, N. C. See Eggleton et al. Coulson, T. N. See Pemberton et al. Bjornstad, O. N., Champely, S., Stenseth, N. Chr. & Saitoh, Crawley, M .J., Harvey, P. H. & Purvis, A. Comparative T. Cyclicity and stability of grey-sided voles, ecology of the native and alien floras of the British Isles, Clethrionomys rufocanus, of Hokkaido: spectral and 1251. principal components analyses, 867. Croxall, J. P. & Prince, P. A. Cephalopods as prey. I. Blackburn, T. M. & Gaston, K. J. Spatial patterns in the Seabirds, 1023. geographic range sizes of bird species in the New World, Cunningham, A. A., Langton, T. E. S., Bennett, P. M., 897. Lewin, J. F., Drury, S. E. N., Gough, R. E. & Blunt, T. See Finnie et al. Macgregor, S. K. Pathological and microbiological Boletzky, S. v. See Boyle & Boletzky. findings from incidents of unusual mortality of the Boomsma, J. J. & Ratnieks, F. L. W. Paternity in eusocial common frog (Rana temporaria), 1539. Hymenoptera, 947. Curnow, R. N. See Hau & Curnow. Boulter, M. C., Benfield, J. N., Fisher, H. C., Gee, D. A. & Cusack, M. & Williams, A. Chemico-structural degradation Lhotak, M. The evolution and global migration of the of Carboniferous lingulid shells, 33. Aceraceae, 589. Boyle, P. R. & Boletzky, S. v. Cephalopod populations: Damasio, A. R. The somatic marker hypothesis and the definition and dynamics, 985. possible functions of the prefrontal cortex, 1413. Branch, G. M. See Hodgson et al. Das, P. See Zvelebil et al. Braver, T. S. See Cohen et al. Davies, A. M. The neurotrophic hypothesis: where does it Briscoe, J., Guschin, D., Rogers, N. C., Wading, D., Muller, stand?, 389. M., Horn, F., Heinrich, P., Stark, G. R. & Kerr, I. M. Davis, G. M. See Lydeard et al. JAKs, STATs and signal transduction in response to the Davis, W. See Saklatvala et al. interferons and other cytokines, 167. Dechant, G. See Ockel et al. Brook, B. S. See Pedley et al. Della Sala, S. See Baddeley & Della Sala. Brown, N. D. See Whitmore & Brown. Devarakondra, R., Barth, F. G. & Humphrey, J. A. C. Brown, V. K. See Rivero-Lynch et al. Dynamics of arthropod filiform hairs. IV. Hair motion Brunton, C. H. C. See Williams et al. in air and water, 933. Burgess, P. See Shallice & Burgess. Diamond, A. Evidence for the importance of dopamine for Burley, S. K. X-ray crystallographic studies of eukaryotic prefrontal cortex functions early in life, 1483. transcription initiation factors, 483. Diemel, L. T. See Tomlinson et al. Busby, S. See Savery et al. Dodds, M. See Silvertown & Dodds. Domin, J. See Zvelebil et al. Cameron, R. A. D. , Cook, L. M. & Hallows, J. D. Land Donoghue, M.J. & Ackerly, D. D. Phylogenetic un­ snails on Porto Santo: adaptive and non-adaptive certainties and sensitivity analyses in comparative radiation, 309. biology, 1241.

1783 1784 Indexes to Volume 351

Downward, J. See Rodriguez-Viciana et al. Granner, D. K. See Sutherland et al. Drury, S. E. N. See Cunningham et al. Grant, B. R. See Grant & Grant. Durrett, R. See Levin & Durrett. Grant, P. R. & Grant, B. R. Speciation and hybridization in island birds, 765. Ebert, D., Rainey, P., Embley, T. M. & Scholz, D. Gratto, K. A. See Verge et al. Development, life cycle, ultrastructure and phylogenetic Greeff, J. M. Effects of thelytokous worker reproduction on position of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888: re­ kin-selection and conflict in the Cape honeybee, Apis discovery of an obligate endoparasite of Daphnia magna mellifera capensis, 617. Straus, 1689. Greenwood, J. J. D., Gregory, R. D., Harris, S., Morris, P. Egelhaaf, M. See Warzecha & Egelhaaf. A. & Yalden, D. W. Relations between abundance, Eggleton, P, Bignell, D. E., Sands, W. A., Mawdsley, N. A., body size and species number in British birds and Lawton, J. H., Wood, T. G. & Bignell, N. C. The mammals, 265. diversity, abundance and biomass of termites under Gregory, R. D. See Greenwood et al. differing levels of disturbance in the Mbalmayo Forest Gronemeyer, H. See Le Douarin et al. Reserve, southern Cameroon, 51. Gross, C. A., Chan, C. L. & Lonetto, M. A. A structure/ Eguinoa, A. See Stephens et al. function analysis of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, Ellegren, H., Savolainen, P. & Rosen, B. The genetical 475. history of an isolated population of the endangered grey Guesdon, F. See Saklatvala et al. wolf Canis lupus: a study of nuclear and mitochondrial Guschin, D. See Briscoe et al. polymorphisms, 1661. Elmes, G. W. See Hochberg et al. Hallows, J. D. See Cameron et al. Embley, T. M. See Ebert et al. Hamrick, J. L. & Godt, M. J. W. Effects of life history traits Entwistle, A., Racey, P. A. & Speakman, J. R. Habitat on genetic diversity in plant species, 1291. exploitation by a gleaning bat, Plecotus auritus, 921. Hannun, Y. A. See Saba et al. Errede, B. & Ge, Q.-Y. Feedback regulation of map kinase Harder, L. D. See Barrett et al. signal pathways, 143. Harris, S. See Greenwood et al. Errington, J., Feucht, A., Lewis, P. J., Lord, M., Magnin, T., Harvey, P. H. See Crawley et al. Najafi, S. M. A., Wilkinson, J. F. & Yudkin, M. D. Hau, C. M. & Curnow, R. N. Separating the environmental Control of the cell-specificity of crF activity in Bacillus and genetic factors that may be causes of bovine subtilus, 537. spongiform encephalopathy, 913. Evans, S. E. & Milner, A. R. A metamorphosed salamander Hawkins, P. T. See Stephens et al. from the early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain, 627. Hawkins, S. J. See Hodgson et al. Hebert, P. D. N. See Colbourne & Hebert. Fairall, L. See Rhodes et al. Heery, D. See Le Douarin et al. Fernyhough, P. See Tomlinson et al. Heine, M. See Le Douarin et al. Feucht, A. See Errington et al. Heinrich, P. See Briscoe et al. Fine, A. See Samuels et al. Hendriks, R. J. J. See van Groenendael et al. Finnie, N.J., Gottlieb, T. M., Blunt, T., Jeggo, P. A. & Hentschel, H. G. E. See Samuels et al. Jackson, S. P. DNA-dependent protein kinase defects Hill, C. See Price et al. are linked to deficiencies in DNA repair and V(D)J Ho, M.-W. See Knight et al. recombination, 173. Hoch, M. See Sauer et al. Fisher, H. C. See Boulter et al. Hochberg, M. E., Elmes, G. W., Thomas, J. A. & Clarke, R. Fitter, A. H. & Moyersoen, B. Evolutionary trends in root- T. Mechanisms of local persistence in coupled host- microbe symbioses, 1367. parasitoid associations: the case model of Maculinea rebeli Foulkes, N. S. See Lalli et al.; see also Lamas et al. and Ichneumon, 1713. Franco, M. & Silvertown, J. Life history variation in plants: Hodgson, A. N., Ridgway, S., Branch, G. M. & Hawkins, S. an exploration of the fast-slow continuum hypothesis, J. Spermatozoan morphology of 19 species of 1341. prosobranch limpets (Patellogastropoda) with a dis­ Frith, C. D. The role of the prefrontal cortex in self- cussion of patellid relationships, 339. consciousness: the case of auditory hallucinations, 1505. Hollocher, H. Island hopping in Drosophila: patterns and Fryer, G. The carapace of the branchiopod Crustacea, 1703. processes, 735. Futuyma, D. J. & Mitter, C. Insect-plant interactions: the Holmer, L. E. See Williams et al. evolution of component communities, 1361. Horn, F. See Briscoe et al. Hou, X., Siveter, D.J., Williams, M., Walossek, D. & Gaston, K. J. See Blackburn & Gaston. Bergstrom, J. Appendages of the arthropod Kunmingella Gatherole, L. J. See Knight et al. from the early Cambrian of China: its bearing on the Ge, Q.-Y. See Errede & Ge. systematic position of the Bradoriida and the fossil Gee, D. A. See Boulter et al. record of the Ostracoda, 1131. Gilligan, C. A. See Swinton & Gilligan. Houston, A. I. See Marrow et al. Godt, M. J. W. See Hamrick & Godt. Hu, X. W. See Knight et al. Goldberg, D. E. Competitive ability: definitions, con­ Humphrey, J. A. C. See Devarakondra et al. tingency and correlated traits, 1377. Goldman-Rakic, P. S. The prefrontal landscape: implica­ Ihle, J. N. Janus kinases in cytokine signalling, 159. tions of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive, 1445. Jablonski, D. See Roy et al. Gotmark, F. & Post, P. Prey selection by sparrowhawks, Jackie, H. See Sauer et al. Accipiter nisus: relative predation risk for breeding Jackson, S. P. See Finnie et al. passerine birds in relation to their size, ecology and Jeggo, P. A. See Finnie et al. behaviour, 1559. Jensen, K. R. Phylogenetic systematics and classification of Gottlieb, T. M. See Finnie et al. the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opistho- Gough, R. E. See Cunningham et al. branchia), 91. Gout, I. See Zvelebil et al. Johnson, M. S. See Clarke et al. Johnstone, R. A. Multiple displays in animal com­ Lindsay, R. M. Role of neurotrophins and trk receptors in munication: ‘backup signals’ and ‘multiple messages’, the development and maintenance of sensory neurons: 329. an overview, 365; see also Acheson & Lindsay. Jones, D. A. See Cook & Jones. Lonetto, M. A. See Gross et al. Lord, J. See Westoby et al. Lord, M. See Errington et al. Kalcheim, C. The role of neurotrophins in development of Losos, J. B. Ecological and evolutionary determinants of the neural-crest cells that become sensory ganglia, 375. species—area relation in Caribbean anoline lizards, 847. Karchewski, L. A. See Verge et Losson, R. See Le Douarin et al. Karin, M. The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen- Lydeard, C., Mulvey, M. & Davis, G. M. Molecular activated protein kinases, 127. systematics and evolution of reproductive traits of North Kelly, C. K. & Woodward, F. I. Ecological correlates of American freshwater unionacean mussels (Mollusca: plant range size: taxonomies and phylogenies in the Bivalvia) as inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences, study of plant commonness and rarity in Great Britain, 1593. 1261. Kerr, I. M. See Briscoe et Macdougall, al. L. See Zvelebil et al. Kitching, J. W. See Shishkin et al. Macgregor, S. K. See Cunningham et al. Klages, N. T. W. Cephalopods as prey. II. Seals, 1045. McNamara, J. M. See Marrow et al. Klimes, L. See van Groenendael al. Magnin, T. See Errington et al. Klimesova, J. See van Groenendael et al. Malhotra, A. See Thorpe & Malhotra. Knight, D. P., Hu, X. W., Gatherole, L.J., Rusaouen- Mallet, J. L. B. See Turner & Mallet. Innocent, M., Ho, M.-W. & Newton, R. Molecular Manley, J. L., Um, M., Li, C. & Ashali, H. Mechanisms of orientations in an extruded collagenous composite, the transcriptional activation and repression can both marginal rib of the egg capsule of the dogfish involve TFIID, 517. canicula; a novel lyotropic liquid crystalline arrangement Marrow, P., McNamara, J. M., Houston, A. I., Stevenson, I. and its origin in the spinnerets, 1205. R. & Clutton-Brock, T. H. State-dependent life history Koga, H. See Zvelebil et al. evolution in Soay sheep: dynamic modelling of Krakauer, D. C. & Pagel, M. Selection by somatic signals: reproductive scheduling, 17. the advertisement of phenotypic state through costly Marshall, T. C. See Pemberton et al. intercellular signals, 647. Marte, B. M. See Rodriguez-Viciana et al. Kyriakis, J. M. See Woodgett et al. Matsuno, A. See Tamori et al. Mawdsley, N. A. See Eggleton et al. Lacalli, T. C. Mesodermal pattern and pattern repeats in the Mazzucchelli, C. See Lamas et McMahon, S. B. NGF as a mediator of inflammatory pain, starfish bipinnaria larva, and related patterns in other deuterostome larvae and chordates, 1737. 431. Mendell, L. M. Neurotrophins and sensory neurons: role in Lacalli, T. C. Frontal eye circuitry, rostral sensory pathways development, maintenance and injury, 465. and brain organization in amphioxus larvae: evidence Meyer, A. See Verheyen et al. from 3D reconstructions, 243. Milner, A. R. See Evans & Milner. Lalli, E. See Lamas et al. Mitter, C. See Futuyma & Mitter. Lalli, E., Lee, J. S., Lamas, M., Tamai, K., Zazopoulos, E., Nantel, F., Penna, L., Foulkes, N. S. & Sassone-Corsi, Monaco, L. See Lamas et al. P. The nuclear response to cAMP: role of transcription Morgan, M. T. See Schoen et al. Morris, P. A. See Greenwood et al. factor CREM, 201. Moyersoen, B. See Fitter & Moyersoen. Lamas, M. See Lalli et al. Muller, M. A novel classification of planar four-bar linkages Lamas, M., Monaco, L., Zazopoulos, E., Lalli, E., Tamai, and its application to the mechanical analysis of animal K., Penna, L., Mazzucchelli, C., Nantel, F., Foulkes, N. S. & Sassone-Corsi, P. CREM: a master-switch in the systems, 689. Muller, M. See Briscoe et al. transcriptional response to cAMP, 561. Mulvey, M. See Lydeard et al. Langton, T. E. S. See Cunningham et al. Latchman, D. S. Activation and repression of gene expression Murray, J. See Clarke et al. by POU family transcription factors, 491. Najafi, S. M. A. See Errington et al. Lawton, J. H. See Eggleton et al.; see also Rivero-Lynch et al. Nantel, F. See Lalli et al.;see also Lamas et al. Le Douarin, B., vom Baur, E., Zechel, C., Heery, D., Heine, Newton, R. See Knight et al. M., Vivat, V. H., Gronemeyer, H., Losson, R. & Nigmatullin, Ch. M. See Rodhouse & Nigmatullin. Chambon, P. Ligand-dependent interaction of nuclear receptors with potential transcriptional intermediary Obeid, L. M. See Saba et al. factors (mediators), 569. O’Brien, R. M. See Sutherland et Lee, J. S. See Lalli et al. Ockel, M., von Schack, D., Schropel, A., Dechant, G., Lees, D. R. See Stewart & Lees. Lewin, G. R. & Barde, Y.-A. Roles of neurotrophin-3 Leevers, S. See Zvelebil et al. during early development of the peripheral nervous Leishman, M. See Westoby et al. Levin, S. A. & Durrett, R. From individuals to epidemics, system, 383. O’Reilly, R. C. See Cohen et al. 1615. Lewin, G. R. Neurotrophins and the specification of neuronal phenotype, 405; see also Ockel et al. Pagel, M. See Krakauer & Pagel. Lewin, J. F. See Cunningham et al. Pages, F. See Zvelebil et al. Lewis, P. J. SeeErrington et al. Panaretou, C. See Zvelebil et al. Lhotak, M. See Boulter et al. Panayotou, G. See Zvelebil et al. Li, C. See Manley et al. Pandya, D. N. & Yeterian, E. H. Comparison of prefrontal Linacre, J. See Zvelebil el al. architecture and connections, 1423. Lindahl, T. The Croonian Lecture, 1996: Endogenous Passingham, R. E. Attention to action, 1473. damage to DNA, 1529. Paterson, S. See Pemberton et al. 1786 Indexes to Volume 351

Peck, L. S. See Barnes & Peck. Salim, K. See Zvelebil et al. Pedley, T. J., Brook, B. S. & Seymour, R. S. Blood pressure Samuels, D. C., Hentschel, H. G. E. & Fine, A. The origin of and flow rate in the giraffe jugular vein, 855. neuronal polarization: a model of axon formation, 1147. Pemberton, J. M., Smith, J. A., Coulson, T. N., Marshall, T. Sands, W. A. See Eggleton et al. C., Slate, J., Paterson, S., Albon, S. D. & Glutton- Sassone-Corsi, P. See Lalli et al.; see also Lamas et al. Brock, T. H. The maintenance of genetic polymorphism Sauer, F., Rivera-Pomar, R., Hoch, M. & Jackie, H. Gene in small island populations: large mammals in the regulation in the Drosophila embryo, 579. Hebrides, 745. Savery, N., Rhodius, V. & Busby, S. Protein-protein Penna, L. See Lalli et al.; see also Lamas et al. interactions during transcription activation: the case of Petrides, M. Specialized systems for the processing of the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein, 543. mnemonic information within the primate frontal Savolainen, P. See Ellegren et al. cortex, 1455. Schluter, D. Ecological speciation in postglacial fishes, 807. Phillips, H. S. & Armanini, M. P. Expression of the trk Schoen, D. J., Morgan, M. T. & Bataillon, T. How does self- family of neurotrophin receptors in developing and pollination evolve? Inferences from floral ecology and adult dorsal root ganglion neurons, 413. molecular genetic variation, 1281. Phillips, S. E. V. & Stockley, P. G. Structure and function of Scholz, D. See Ebert et al. Escherichia coli met repressor: similarities and contrasts Schropel, A. See Ockel et al. with trp repressor, 527. Schwabe, J. W. R. See Rhodes et al. Popov, L. See Williams et at. Seymour, R. S. See Pedley et al. Post, P. See Gotmark & Post. Shallice, T. & Burgess, P. The domain of supervisory Prance, G. T. Islands in Amazonia, 823. processes and temporal organization of behaviour, 1405. Price, M. A., Hill, C. & Treisman, R. Integration of growth Shishkin, M. A., Rubidge, B. S. & Kitching, J. W. A new factor signals at the c-fos serum response element, 551. lydekkerinid (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the Prince, P. A. See Croxall & Prince. lower Triassic of South Africa: implications for evolution Purvis, A. See Crawley et al. of the early capitosauroid cranial pattern, 1635. Sibly, R. M. Life history evolution in heterogeneous environ­ Racey, P. A. See Entwistle et at. ments: a review of theory, 1349. Rainey, P. See Ebert et al. Silos-Santiago, I. See Snider & Silos-Santiago. Ratnieks, F. L. W. See Boomsma & Ratnieks. Silvertown, J. & Dodds, M. Comparing plants and con­ Rees, M. Evolutionary ecology of seed dormancy and seed necting traits, 1233; see also Franco & Silvertown. size, 1299. Siveter, D. J. See Hou et al. Reid, D. G., Rumbak, E. & Thomas, R. H. DNA, Slate, J. See Pemberton et al. morphology and fossils: phylogeny and evolutionary Smale, M. J. Cephalopods as prey. IV. Fishes, 1067. rates of the gastropod genus Littorina, 877. Smith, J. A. See Pemberton et al. Rhodes, C. J. & Anderson, R. M. A scaling analysis of Snider, W. D. & Silos-Santiago, I. Dorsal root ganglion measles epidemics in a small population, 1679. neurons require functional neurotrophin receptors for Rhodes, D., Schwabe, J. W. R., Fairall, L. & Chapman, L. survival during development, 395. Towards an understanding of protein DNA recognition, Snoeks, J. See Verheyen et al. 507. Southwood, T. R. E. The Croonian Lecture, 1995. Natural Rhodius, V. See Savery et al. communities: structure and dynamics, 1113. Richardson, P. M. See Verge et al. Speakman, J. R. See Entwistle et al. Ridgway, S. See Hodgson et al. Speed, M. P. See Turner & Speed. Rivera-Pomar, R. See Sauer et al. Stark, G. R. See Briscoe et al. Rivero-Lynch, A. P., Brown, V. K. & Lawton, J. H. The Stein, R. See Zvelebil et al. impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect Stenseth, N. Chr. See Bjornstad et al. herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella Stephens, L., Hawkins, P. T., Eguinoa, A. & Cooke, F. A and Phyllotreta, 1671. heterotrimeric GTPase-regulated isoform of PI3K and Robbins, T. W. Dissociating executive functions of the the regulation of its potential effectors, 211. prefrontal cortex, 1463. Stevenson, I. R. See Marrow et al. Rodhouse, P. G. & Nigmatullin, Ch. M. Role as consumers, Stewart, A.J. A. & Lees, D. R. The colour/pattern poly­ 1003. morphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera: Rodriguez-Viciana, P., Marte, B. M., Warne, P. H. & Cercopidae) in England and Wales, 69. Downward, J. Phosphatidylinositol 3" kinase: one of the Stockley, P. G. See Phillips & Stockley. effectors of Ras, 225. Sutherland, C., O’Brien, R. M. & Granner, D. K. New Rogers, N. C. See Briscoe et al. connections in the regulation of PEPCK gene expression Rolls, E. T. The orbitofrontal cortex, 1433. by insulin, 191. Rosen, B. See Ellegren et al. Swinton, J. & Gilligan, C. A. Dutch elm disease and the Roy, K., Jablonski, D. & Valentine, J. W. Higher taxa in future of the elm in the U .K .: a quantitative analysis, biodiversity studies: patterns from eastern Pacific 605. marine molluscs, 1605. Riiber, L. See Verheyen et al. Takahashi, K. See Tamori et al. Rubidge, B. S. See Shishkin et al. Tamai, K. See Lalli et al.; see also Lamas et al. Rumbak, E. See Reid et al. Tamori, M., Matsuno, A. & Takahashi, K. Structure and Rusaouen-Innocent, M. See Knight et al. function of the pore canals of the sea urchin madreporite, 659. Saba, J. D., Obeid, L. M. & Hannun, Y. A. Ceramide: an Templeton, D. J. See Woodgett et al. intracellular mediator of apoptosis and growth Thomas, J. A. See Hochberg et al. suppression, 233. Thomas, R. H. See Reid et al. Saitoh, T. See Bjornstad et al. Thorpe, R. S. & Malhotra, A. Molecular and morphological Saklatvala, J., Davis, W. & Guesdon, F. Interleukin 1 (IL1) evolution within small islands, 815. and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signal transduction, Tjian, R. The biochemistry of transcription in eukaryotes: a 151. paradigm for multisubunit regulatory complexes, 497. Indexes to Volume 351 1787

Tomlinson, D. R., Fernyhough, P. & Diemel, L. T. Neuro- Wetzker, R. See Zvelebil et al. trophins and peripheral neuropathy, 455. White, M. F. The IRS-signalling system in insulin and Treisman, R. See Price et al. cytokine action, 181. Turner, J. R. G. & Mallet, J. L. B. Did forest islands drive Whitmore, T. C. & Brown, N. D. Dipterocarp seedling the diversity of warningly coloured butterflies? Biotic growth in rain forest canopy gaps during six and a half drift and the shifting balance, 835. years, 1195. Turner, J. R. G. & Speed, M. P. Learning and memory in Wilkinson, J. F. See Errington et al. mimicry. Part 1. Simulations of laboratory experiments, Wilkinson, M. & Benton, M .J. Sphenodontid phylogeny 1157. and the problems of multiple trees, 1. Williams, A., Carlson, S. J., Brunton, C. H. C., Holmer, L. Um, M. See Manley et al. E. & Popov, L. A supra-ordinal classification of the Brachiopoda, 1171; see also Cusack & Williams. Valentine, J. W. See Roy et al. Williams, D. M. Fossil species of the diatom genus Tetracyclus van Groenendael, J. M., Klimes, L., Klimesova, J. & (Bacillariophyta, ‘ellipticus’ species group): Hendriks, R. J. J.' Comparative ecology of clonal plants, morphology, interrelationships and the relevance of 1331. ontogeny, 1759. Vanhaesebroeck, B. See Zvelebil et al. Williams, M. See Hou et al. Venable, D. L. Packaging and provisioning in plant Wood, T. G. See Eggleton et al. reproduction, 1319. Woodgett, J. R., Kyriakis, J. M., Avruch, J., Zon, L. I., Verge, V. M. K., Gratto, K. A., Karchewski, L. A. & Zanke, B. & Templeton, D. J. Reconstitution of novel Richardson, P. M. Neurotrophins and nerve injury in signalling cascades responding to cellular stresses, 135. the adult, 423. Woodward, F. I. See Kelly & Woodward. Verheyen, E., Ruber, L., Snoeks, J. & Meyer, A. Mito­ Woolf, C.J. Phenotypic modification of primary sensory chondrial phylogeography of rock-dwelling cichlid fishes neurons: the role of nerve growth factor in the reveals evolutionary influence of historical lake level production of persistent pain, 441. fluctuations of Lake Tanganyika, Africa, 797. Worley, A. C. See Barrett et al. Vivat, V. H. See Le Douarin et al. Volinia, S. See Zvelebil et al. Yalden, D. W. See Greenwood et al. vom Baur, E. See Le Douarin et al. Yeterian, E. H. See Pandya & Yeterian. von Schack, D. See Ockel et al. Yudkin, M. D. See Errington et al. Walossek, D. See Hou et al. Warne, P. H. See Rodriguez-Viciana et al. Zanke, B. See Woodgett et al. Warzecha, A.-K. & Egelhaaf, M. Intrinsic properties of Zanker, J. M. On the elementary mechanism underlying biological motion detectors prevent the optomotor secondary motion processing, 1725. control system from getting unstable, 1579. Zazopoulos, E. See Lalli et al.; see also Lamas et al. Waterfield, M. See Zvelebil et al. Zechel, C. See Le Douarin et al. Watling, D. See Briscoe et al. Zon, L. I. See Woodgett et al. Weinberger, D. F. & Berman, K. F. Prefrontal function in Zvelebil, M .J., Macdougall, L., Leevers, S., Volinia, S., schizophrenia: confounds and controversies, 1495. Vanhaesebroeck, B., Gout, I., Panayotou, G., Domin, Wells, M. J. & Clarke, A. Energetics: the costs of living and J., Stein, R., Pages, F., Koga, H., Salim, K., Linacre, J., reproducing for an individual cephalopod, 1083. Das, P., Panaretou, C., Wetzker, R. & Waterfield, M. Westoby, M., Leishman, M. & Lord, J. Comparative ecology Structural and functional diversity of phosphoinositide of seed size and dispersal, 1309. 3-kinases, 217. 1788 Indexes to Volume 351

Subject index abundance, 265. Britain, 69. Ctenophora, 279. Acer database, 589. Burgess Shale, 279. cyclic AMP, 201, 561. Aceraceae, 589. cyclic AMP receptor, 543. activating regions, 543. caatingas, 823. cytoarchitectonics, 1423. activators, 497. Cambrian, 279, 1 131. cytokine, 151, 181, 465. active memory, 1515. cAMP dependent protein kinase, 217. cytokine receptors, 159. activity patterns, 921. Canada, 279. adaptation, 735. Capsella, 1671. Daphnia, 349, 1689. adaptive radiation, 797, 807. /?-casein kinase, 151. adult mortality, 1341. decision-making, 1413. cell cycle, 233. declining amphibian populations, Aeromonas hydrophila, 1539. cell death, 383, 389. allometry of reproduction, 1319. 1539. cell proliferation, 383. deep water, 677. allopatric divergence, 309, 765. cell specificity, 537. degraded lingulid shell, 33. allozymes, 947, 1291. cellular automata, 1615. delayed response, 1445. Alzheimer’s disease, 1397. centrode, 689. development, 365. Amazonian vegetation, 823. cephalopod beaks, 1045. diabetes, 455. Amphibia, 627, 1635. cephalopods, 985, 1045. diatoms, 1759. amphibian, 1539. cephalopods as food, 1053. diet and feeding ecology, 1023. amphioxus cns, 243. cephalopods as predators, 1003. dietary analysis, 1003. ancient DNA, 1529. cetacean food, 1053. differentiation, 1147. animal disease, 913. character evolution, 1241. Dipterocarpaceae, 1195. anoline lizards, 847. children, 1483. distance between ramets, 1331. Antarctica, 677. China, 1131. diversity, 1113. anterior cingulate cortex, 1473. chordate brain, 243. DNA repair, 173, 1529. AP-1, 127. ^ chordate origins and evolution, 1737. DNA structure, 507. Apis mellifera capensis, 617. Cichlidae, 797. DNA-PK, 173. apparency hypothesis, 1233. ciliary current, 659. dolphin food, 1053. appendages, 1131. Cladocera, 1689. arthropods, 933. dopamine, 1515. classification, 91. assembly rules, 1251. dormancy, 1299. clinal variation, 773. attention, 1397, 1473, 1515. dorsal root ganglia, 375, 441. clinical trials, 365. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 1463. attentional set-shifting, 1463. cloning, 1261. Drosophila, 579, 735. autocrine, 365. clumped distributions, 51. autocrine loops, 389, 417. Dutch elm disease, 605. cns organization, 243. axon, 1147. coactivators, 497. axotomy, 423. coalescent, 1281. eastern Pacific, 1605. coevolution, 1361. echinoderm, 659. Bacillus subtilis, 537. cognition, 1445. echinoderm larvae, 1737. bacteria, 1689. colour/pattern polymorphism, 69. ecological adaptation, 765. bats, 265. communication, 329. ecological determinants, 847. BDNF, 405, 405, 417. community module, 1713. ecology, 985. Beaufort Group, 1635. comparative biology, 1241. ecology and evolution of reproductive bet hedging, 1299. comparative demography, 1341. isolation, 807. biodiversity, 1605. comparative methods, 1299. effective population size, 745. biological clock, 201, 561. comparative neuroanatomy, 1423. elasticity, 855. biological regulation, 1413. comparative population dynamics, elm, 605. biotic drift, 835. 867. emotion, 1433. birds, 265. compatibility, 1. emotion and feeling, 1413. birds of prey, 1559. competitive ability, 1377. energy budget, 1083. bivalves, 1593. competitive effect, 1377. environment, 985. body size, 265, 897. competitive exclusion, 1261. environmental factors, 913. body-plan evolution, 1737. competitive hierarchies, 1377. epibiota, 677. bottleneck, 1661. competitive interaction, 309. epidemiology, 605, 1615. bottom-up control, 1713. competitive response, 1377. episodic memory, 1405. bovine spongiform encephalopathy, conflict, 617. Eretmodini, 797. 913. consensus, 1. ERK, 127. brachiopod classification, 1171. conservation genetics, 1661. Escherichia coli, 475, 527. brachiopod (lingulid) taphonomy, 33. conserved host associations, 1361. eusocial, 617. brachiopod phylogeny, 1171. constraints, 1361. evolution, 279, 589. brachiopod supraordinal classification, consumption estimates, 1067. evolution of carapaces, 1703. 1171. contact sites, 543. evolution of development, 647. brachiopods, 677. continuous performance test, 1515. evolution on islands, 309. Bradoriida, 1131. contrast sensitivity, 1483. evolutionary comparative methods, brain evolution, 243. control system, 1579. 1261. brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 375, cortex, 1495. evolutionary determinants, 847. 413, 423. corticocortical, 1423. evolutionary relationships, 339. branchiopod carapace development, cost of mutualism, 1261. evolutionary stable strategy, 1319. 1703. cost of reproduction, 17. executive control, 1397. branchiopod carapaces, 1703. c-Raf, 151. extrusion, 1205. breeding system, 1291. crystallography, 507. eye evolution, 243. Indexes to Volume 351 1789 fast-slow continuum, 1341. inbreeding, 1661. mate choice, 329. feedback phosphorylation, 143. independent contrasts, 1341. mating, 947. feeding groups, 51. infectious diseases, 605. mating systems, 1271, 1281. feeding preference, 1671. inflammation, 431, 441. matrix correspondence Mantel tests, fibril, 1205. inflammatory cytokine, 135. 815. fibroblast growth factor, 375. inflammatory hyperalgesia, 465. measles, 1679. fish feeding, 689. inflorescence design, 1319. mechanoreception, 933. fisheries, 985. inhibition inhibitory control, 1483. mediators, 569. fitness, definition of, 1349. inhibitory response control, 1463. medionigra gene, 1623. floral biology, 1281. initiation factors, 483. medium flow detection, 933. flow limitation, 855. insect diversity, 51. MEK, 191. fluid mechanics, 933. insect herbivores, 1671. MEK regulation, 143. food webs, 1067. inselbergs, 823. MEKK, 135. foraging, predation risk, 1559. insemination, 947. melanism, 69. forest canopy gaps, 11'95. insulin, 181, 191. membrane ruffling, 211. forest refugia, 823. interacting particle systems, 1615. memory, 1455. forgetting by predators, 1157. intercellular signal, 647. memory in predators, 1157. forward model, 1505. interferons, 167. mesoderm patterning, 1737. fossil amino acids, 33. interleukin 1, 151. mesophase, 1205. fossil vertebrates, 627. introgressive hybridization, 765. met repressor, 527. fossilized brachiopod degradation, 33. invasion, 1251. Metazoa, 279. fossils, 1759. iridovirus, 1539. methodology, 1. founder effect, 753. IRS-signalling system, 181. microgeographic variation, 815. founder effect speciation, 785. island evolution, 807. microsatellites, 1661. founder effects, 735. island plants, 725. migration, 897. founder events, 765. islands, 753, 815, 1679. mimicry, 835. four-bar, 689. mimicry: predator behaviour, 1157. frontal context, 1455. JAKs, 167. mitochondrial DNA, 1593, 1661. frontal lobes, 1397, 1495. Janus kinases (Jak), 159. model, 1725. functional imaging, 1405. JNK, 127. molecular leakage, 773. Jun, 127. molecular phylogeny, 815. just-so stories, 753. molecular systematics, 1593. game-theoretic, 1309. Mollusca, 91. gangliogenesis, 383. kinematic linkage, 689. molluscan diversity, 309. gene expression, 455, 491. kinetic skull, 689. molluscs, 1593. gene frequency change, 1623. knee joint, 689. monkey, 1455. gene regulation, 579. knockouts, 465. morphogenesis, 1147. genetic distance, 773. Ku, 173. morphological and behavioural genetic diversity, 1291. Kunmingella, 1131. adaptations, 1003. genetic drift, 753, 1623. motion, 1725. genetic factors, 913. latitude, 897. motion detection, 1579. genetic variation, 745, 1361. lattice models, 1679. motor learning, 1473. genetics, island plants, 725. leaf shape, 1671. mouse, 413. geographic range, 897. learning, 1433. 16S mRNA gene, 1593. geographic variation, 69. learning by predators, 1157. mtDNA, 797, 815. global cephalopods, 1105. lesion studies, 1455. mtDNA sequences, 349. global migration, 589. life cycle, 985. multivariate analysis, 867. Gondwana, 1635. life forms, 1291. mutagenesis, 1529. gravitational effect, 855. life history traits, 1291. mycorrhiza, 1367. grey wolf, 1661. ligands, 569. growth, 1083. limpets, 339. natural selection, 785, 807. growth factor, 225. linguid chemico-structural growth form, 1309. nematic, 1205. degradation, 33. nerve growth factor, 413, 423, 449, guild structure, 1113. lipases, 233. 455. lipids, 233. neural tube, 375. habitat preference, 1331. lithographic limestones, 627. neurite, 1147. habitat use, 921. Littorina, 877. neuropathy, 449, 455. hair sensilla, 933. Littorina biogeography, 877. neuropeptides, 441. handicap, 647. Littorina evolution, 877. neuropsychology, 1495. handicap principle, 329. Littorina mitochondrial DNA, 877. neurotrophic factors, 389. Helcion, 339. Littorina phylogeny, 877. neurotrophic hypothesis, 465. Heliconius, 835. lizards, 815. neurotrophin 4/5, 413. heterogeneous mixing, 1615. locomotion, 1083. neurotrophin-3, 375, 413, 423, 455. heterostyly, evolution of, 1271. longevity of connection, 1331. neurotrophins, 365, 383, 395, 417, heterotrimeric GTPase, 211. Lydekkerinidae, 1635. 431, 441. higher taxa, 1605. neutral theory, 1281. honest signalling, 329. madreporite, 659. new genus, 627. human disturbance, 51. male mating success, 745. New Zealand, 677. human peripheral neuropathies, 449. mammals, 265. NGF, 395, 405, 441. hybridization, 349. MAP kinase, 127, 151, 191, 551. niche structure, 1113. hyperalgesia, 431. MAP kinase activation pathways, 143. nociception, 431. hypothesis, 647. marine Mollusca, 1605. nociceptors, 395. 1790 Indexes to Volume 351

NT-3, 395, 405, 417. populations, 985. seedling establishment, 1309. nuclear factors, 201, 561. postglacial fishes, 807. seedling growth, 1195. nuclear receptors, 569. POU, 491. selection, 745, 753, 1623. predation, 1067. selling and growth form, 1271. object cognition, 1445. predation on songbirds, 1559. self-monitoring, 1505. octopus, 1083. predation: psychology, 1157. sensitivity analyses, 1241. odontocete food, 1053. predator prey dynamics, 1023. sensory ganglia, 383. oestrogen receptor, 507. predator/prey behaviour, 1067. sensory neuron development, 389, 465. offspring size-number, 1319. prefrontal, 1495. sensory neurons, 365, 405, 413, 417. olfaction, 1433. prefrontal cortex, 1405, 1433, 1473. sensory-motor integration, 1579. ontogeny and interrelationships, 1759. prey ecology, behaviour, 1559. sequence specific, 507. Opisthobranhia, 91. prey identification, 1045. serum response element, 551. optimal foraging, 1067. prey of seals, 1045. sex allocation, 1271, 1319. optimal life history, 1349. prey switching, 1067. sexual selection, 329. optomotor response, 1579. processing of context, 1515. crF activity, 537. orbitofrontal cortex, 1463. promoters, 543. shifting balance, 835. origin of clonality, 1331. proprioceptors, 395. sib competition, 1299. Ostracoda, 1131. protein modelling, 217. signal evolution, 647. Ovis aries, 17. protein-protein contacts, 543. signal transducers and activators of psychology of predation, 1157. transcription (Stat), 159. pi 10 alpha, 217. psychophysics, 1725. signal transduction, 127, 135, 159, p75, 423. 167. pain, 441. quantifying predation, 1003. small mammals, 753. palaeontology, 627. smell, 1433. Panaxia dominula, 1623. rac, 211. social insects, 947. parabolic, 1205. random genetic drift, 785. somatic markers, 1413. parocrine interactions, 465. random-labelling methods, 913. somatic selection, 647. parsimony, 1. rarity, 1261. somitic mesoderm, 375. Par tula suturalis, 773. Ras, 225. song, predation risk, 1559. Partula taebiata, 773. Raunkiaer life form, 1251. spatial heterogeneity, 1713. Pasteuria ramosa, 1689. reasoning, 1413. spatial models, 1615. Patella, 339. recognition code, 507. spatio-temporal pattern, 867. paternity analysis, 745. red-leg, 1539. speciation, 309, 349, 735, 773, 807. pattern formation, 579. refuge theory, 835. species flock, 797. pelagic marine ecology, 1023. regulation, 497. species richness, 1113. PEPCK, 191. reinforcement hypothesis, 765. species-area relations, 847. perception, 1725. relatedness, 947. specific leaf area, 1309. sperm, 947. pet, 1473, 1495. reproduction, 1083. phenotypic plasticity, 1349. reproduction, island plants, 725. spermatogenesis, 201, 561. phenotypic selection models, 1281. reproductive adaptations, 1271. Sphenodon, 1. phenylketonuria (PKU), 1483. reproductive allocation, 1233. sphingolids, 233. Philaenus, 69. reproductive effort, 1349. squid, 1083. phorbol ester, 191. reproductive isolation, 785. SRF, 551. phosphatidylinositol 3" kinase, 225. reproductive traits, evolution, 1271. stabilization of gaze, 1579. phosphorylation, 201, 561. reproductive value, 1349. starfish development, 1737. photosynthetically active radiation, retinoblastoma gene production, 233. STATs, 167. 1195. rheology, 1205. stimulus transformation, 933. Phyllotreta, 1671. rhesus monkeys, 1445. stochastic dynamic programming, 17. phylogenetic comparisons, 1341. Rho, 551. strategy selection, 1405. phylogenetic correction, 1331. RNA pol II, 497. stress activated kinase, 135. phylogenetically independent RNA polymerase, 475, 543. structure/function analysis, 475. contrasts, 1233, 1261. rodent abundance, 867. succession, 1113. phylogenetics, 349. role in marine ecosystems, 1003. supervisory system, 1405. phylogeny, 1, 91, 897, 1241, 1361, role of cephalopods, 979, 1105. supraordinal brachiopod classification, 1367. root nodules, 1367. 1171. PI3K, 211. root-microbe symbiosis, 1367. sympathetic ganglia, 383. Pi-kinase, 217. rule attainment, 1405. systematics, 91, 349. Pi-kinase isotypes, 217. pinnipeds, 1045. Sacoglossa, 91. TAF, 517. plankton parasite, 1689. St Kilda, 17. TAFs, 497. planning, 1463. sampling protocols, 51. taste, 1433. plant communities, 1377. savannas, 823. TBP, 517. plant height, 1251, 1309. scaling, 1615, 1679. TCF, 551. plant life history, 1233. schizophrenia, 1495, 1505. Temnospondyti, 1635. plant life-history evolution, 1341. Scid, 173. templet theory, 1113. plant secondary chemistry, 1233. seabird fishery interactions, 1023. tepuis, 823. plant herbivore associations, 1361. seabirds as squid samplers, 1023. Tetracylus (Bacillariophyta), 1759. Plecotus auritus, 921. second-order, 1725. TFIID, 517. polarity, 1147. seed mass, 1299, 1309. thelytoky, 617. pollen packaging strategies, 1319. seed plants, 1291. time series, 867. population dynamics, 1713, 1713. seed size, 1349. toothed whale food, 1053. population fluctuation, 745. seed weight, 1251. Tramtrack, 507. Indexes to Volume 351 1791 transcription, 201, 483, 497, 551, 561. tyrosine, 1483. vision, 1579, 1725. transcription factors, 135, 491, 579. tyrosine kinase, 225. visuospatial sketchpad, 1445. transcriptional activation, 517. tyrosine kinases, 159. VPS34, 217. transcriptional repression, 517. tyrosine phosphorylation, 159. transitivity, 1377. warning coloration, 835. tree infections, 605. ultrastructure, 1689. water-vascular system, 659. Triassic, 1635. unionid mussels, 1593. weighting, 1. trk, 431. unstable population dynamics, 17. whale food, 1053. trk receptors, 365, 423. wildlife disease, 1539. trk A, 455. vacant niche, 1251. worker reproduction, 617. Trks, 395. vascular siphon, 855. working memory, 1397, 1445, 1463, trophic niche, 1003. vascular waterfall, 855. 1483, 1515. tropical rain forest, 1195. V(D)J recombination, 173. wortmannin, 191. trp repressor, 527. vein collapse, 855. tumour necrosis factor, 151. ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 1413. X-ray crystallography, 483.

End of the three hundred and fifty-first volume (Series B ) Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences

VOLUME 351 1996

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Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge Contents

Philosophical : Transactions Biological Sciences. Volume 351

NO. 1335 29 JANUARY 1996 Sphenodontid phylogeny and the problems of multiple trees By M. Wilkinson Sc M. J. Benton 1 State-dependent life history evolution in Soay sheep: dynamic modelling of reproductive scheduling By R Marrow, J. M. McNamara, A. I. Houston, I. R. Stevenson Sc T. H. Clutton-Brock 17 Chemico structural degradation of Carboniferous lingulid shells By M. Cusack Sc A. Williams 33 The diversity, abundance and biomass of termites under differing levels of disturbance in the Mbalrnayo Forest Reserve, southern Camaroon By P. Eggleton D. E. Bignell, W. A. Sands, N. A. Mawdsley, J. H. Lawton, T. G. Wood Sc N. C. Bignell 51 The colour/pattern polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in England and Wales By A. J. A. Stewart Sc D. R. Lees 69 Phylogenetic systematics and classification of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) By K. R. Jensen 91

NO. 1336 29 FEBRUARY 1996 Current understanding of intracellular signalling pathways A Discussion organized and edited by R. F. Irvine, R. H. Michell and C. J. Marshall 127

NO. 1337 29 MARCH 1996 Frontal eye circuitry, rostral sensory pathways and brain organization in amphioxus larvae: evidence from 3D reconstructions By T. C. Lacalli 243 Relations between abundance, body size and species number in British birds and mammals ByJ. J. D. Greenwood, R. D. Gregory, S. Harris, P. A. Morris Sc D. W. Yalden 265 Middle Cambrian ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, Canada By S. Conway-Morris Sc D. H. Collins 279 Land snails on Porto Santo: adaptive and non-adaptive radiation By R. A. D. Cameron, L. M. Cook & J. D. Hallows 309 Multiple displays in animal communication: backup signals and multiple messages By R. A. Johnstone 329 Spermatozoan morphology of 19 species of prosobranch limpets (Patellogastropoda) with a discussion of patellid relationships By A. N. Hodgson, S. Ridgeway, G. M. Branch Sc S. J. Hawkins 339 The systematics of North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Anomopoda): a molecular phylogenetic approach ByJ. K. Colbourne Sc P. D. N. Hebert 349

NO. 1338 29 MARCH 1996 Neurotrophins and sensory neurons: role in development, maintenance and injury A Discussion organized and edited by S. B. McMahon, L. M. Mendell, H. S. Phillips and P. D. Wall 365 NO. 1339 29 APRIL 1996 Transcription factors A Discussion organized and edited by S. Busby, F. G. Grosvelcl and D. S. Latchman 475

NO. 1340 29 MAY 1996 The evolution and global migration of the Aceraceae By M. C. Boulter, J. N. Benfield, H. C. Fisher, D. A. Gee M. Lhotak 589 Dutch elm disease and the future of the elm in the U.K.: a quantitative analysis ByJ. Swinton 8c C. A. Gilligan 605 Effects of thelytokous worker reproduction on kin-selection and conflict in the Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis ByJ. M. Greeff 617 A metamorphosed salamander from the early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain By S. E. Evans & A. R. Milner 627 Selection by somatic signals: the advertisement of phenotypic state through costly intercellular signals By D. C. Krakauer 8c M. Pagel 647 Structure and function of the pore canals of the sea urchin madreporite By M. Tamori, A. Matsuno 8c K. Takahashi 659 Epibiota and attachment substrata of deep-water brachiopods from Antarctica and New Zealand By D. K. Barnes 8c L. S. Peck 677 A novel classification of planar four-bar linkages and its application to the mechanical analysis of animal systems By M. Muller 689

NO. 1341 29 JUNE 1996 Evolution on islands A Discussion organized and edited by B. C. Clarke and P. R. Grant 725

NO. 1342 29 JULY 1996 Blood pressure and flow rate in the giraffe jugular vein By T. J. Pedley, B. S. Brook 8c R. S. Seymour 855 Cyclicity and stability of grey-sided voles, Clethrionomys rufocanus, of Hokkaido: spectral and principal components analyses By O. N. Bj0rnstad, S. Champely, N. Chr. Stenseth 8c T. Saitoh 867 DNA, morphology and fossils: phylogeny and evolutionary rates of the gastropod genus Littorina By D. G. Reid, E. Rumbak 8c R. H. Thomas 877 Spatial patterns in the geographic range sizes of bird species in the New World By T. M. Blackburn 8c K. J. Gaston 897 Separating the environmental and genetic factors that may be causes of bovine spongiform encephalopathy By C. M. Hau 8c R. N. Curnow 913 Habitat exploitation by a gleaning bat, Plecotus auritus By A. C. Entwistle, P. A. Racey 8cJ. R. Speakman 921 Dynamics of arthropod filiform hairs. IV. Hair motion in air and water By R. Devarakonda, F. G. Barth & J. A. C. Humphrey 933 Paternity in eusocial Hymenoptera ByJ. J. Boomsma & F. L. W. Ratnieks 947 NO. 1343 29 AUGUST 1996 The role of cephalopods in the worlds oceans A Theme edited by M. R. Clarke 979

NO. 1344 30 SEPTEMBER 1996 The Croonian Lecture, 1995. Natural communities: structure and dynamics By T. R. E. Southwood 1113 Appendages of the arthropod Kunmingella from the early Cambrian of China: its bearing on the systematic position of the Bradoriida and the fossil record of the Ostracoda By X. Hou, D. J. Siveter. M. Williams, D. Walossek &J. Bergstrom 1131 The origin of neuronal polarization: a model of axon formation By D. C. Samuels, H. G. E. Hentschel & A. Fine 1147 Learning and memory in mimicry. I. Simulations of laboratory experiments By J. R. G. Turner Sc M. P. Speed 1157 A supra-ordinal classification of the Brachiopoda By A. Williams, S. J. Carlson, C. Howard, C. Brunton, L. E. Holmer Sc L. Popov 1171 Dipterocarp seedling growth in rain forest canopy gaps during six and a half years By T. C. Whitmore Sc N. D. Brown 1195 Molecular orientations in an extruded collagenous composite, the marginal rib of the egg capsule of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula; a novel lyotropic liquid crystalline arrangement and its origin in the spinnerets By D. P. Knight, X. W. Hu, L. J. Gathercole, M. Rusaouen-Innocent, M.-W. Ho Sc R. Newton 1205 Erratum 1223

NO. 1345 30 SEPTEMBER 1996 Plant life histories: ecological correlates and phylogenetic constraints A Discussion organized and edited byj. Silvertown, M. Franco and J. L. Harper 1233

NO. 1346 29 OCTOBER 1996 Executive and cognitive functions of the prefrontal cortex A Discussion organized and edited by A. C. Roberts, T. W. Robbins and L. Weiskrantz 1397

NO. 1347 29 NOVEMBER 1996 The Croonian Lecture, 1996. Endogenous damage to DNA By T. Lindahl 1529 Pathological and microbiological findings from incidents of unusual mortality of the common frog ( Ranatemporaria) By A. A. Cunningham, T. E. S. Langton, P. M. Bennett, J. F. Lewin, S. E. N. Drury, R. E. Gough Sc S. K. Macgregor 1539 Prey selection by sparrowhawks, Accipter nisus: relative predation risk for breeding passerine birds in relation to their size, ecology and behaviour By F. Gotmark Sc P. Post 1559 Intrinsic properties of biological motion detectors prevent the optomotor control system from getting unstable By A.-K. Warzecha Sc M. Egelhaaf 1579 Molecular systematics and evolution of reproductive traits of North American freshwater unionacean mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences By C. Lydeard, M. Mulvey Sc G. M. Davis 1593 Higher taxa in biodiversity studies: patterns from eastern Pacific marine molluscs By K. Roy, D. Jablonski & J. W. Valentine 1605 From individuals to epidemics By S. A. Levin & R. Durrett 1615 The medionigragene in the moth Panaxia dominula: the case for selection By L. M. Cook 8cD. A. Jones 1623 A new lydekkerinid (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the lower Triassic of South Africa: implications for evolution of the early capitosauroid cranial pattern By M. A. Shishkin, B. S. Rubidge 8cJ. W. Kitching 1635

NO. 1348 29 DECEMBER 1996 The genetical history of an isolated population of the endangered grey wolf : a study of nuclear and mitochondrial polymorphisms By H. Ellegren, R Savolainen 8c B. Rosn 1661 The impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella and Phyllotreta By A. R Rivero-Lynch, V. K. Brown &J. H. Lawton 1671 A scaling analysis of measles epidemics in a small population By C. J. Rhodes 8c R. M. Anderson 1679 Development, life cycle, ultrastructure and phylogenetic position of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888: rediscovery of an obligate endoparasite of Daphnia Straus By D. Ebert, R Rainey, T. M. Embley 8c D. Scholz 1689 The carapace of the branchiopod Crustacea By G. Fryer 1703 Mechanisms of local persistence in coupled host-parasitoid associations: the case model of Maculinea rebeli and Ichneumon eumerus By M. E. Flochberg, G. W. Elmes, J. A. Thomas 8c R. T. Clarke 1713 On the elementary mechanism underlying secondary motion processing ByJ. M. Zanker 1725 Mesodermal pattern and pattern repeats in the starfish bipinnaria larva, and related patterns in other deuterostome larvae and chordates By T. C. Lacalli 1737 Fossil species of the diatom genus Tetracyclus ( Bacillari , ellipticus species group): morphology, interrelationships and the relevance of ontogeny By D. M. Williams 1759

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M. S. Y. Lee The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes

H. -C. Spatz, H. Beismann, F. Bruchert, A. Emanns & T. Speck Biomechanics of the giant reed Arundo donax

V. Ph. Pastushenko & H. Schindler Level detection in ion channel records via idealization by statistical filtering and likelihood optimization

Y. Haraguchi & A. Sasaki Evolutionary pattern of intra-host pathogen antigenic drift: effect of cross­ reactivity in immune response

H. G. Othmer & J. C. Dallon A discrete cell model with adaptive signalling for aggregation of dictyostelium discoideum

J. A. Sherratt, B. T. Eagan & M. A. Lewis Oscillations and chaos behind predator-prey invasion: mathematical artifact or ecological reality? FUTURE PAPERS IN PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS SERIES B

Philosophical Transactions: series B publishes original papers in all aspects of the biological sciences, including clinical science. Papers up to 25 000 words long are welcomed, particularly those of an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary nature. Longer papers and reviews are also invited; authors intending to submit these should consult with the Editor at an early stage in preparation. Papers will be published rapidly (normally within six months of receipt).

The Proceedings of the Royal Society's Discussion Meeting on Atmospheric chemistry of sulphur in relation to aerosols, clouds and cl, held on 3 and 4 July 1996, will be published in the February issue of the journal and will include the papers listed below.

J. E. Lovelock Atmospheric sulphur and climate

J. Lelieveld Terrestrial sources and atmospheric distribution of sulphur

P. S. Liss Marine sulphur emissions

A. R. Ravishankara Laboratory studies of oxidation of sulphur compounds

C. N. Hewitt Field measurements of dimethyl sulphide and its oxidation products in the atmosphere

L. R. Poole Observations of stratospheric aerosols

F. L. Eisele Particle nucleation and growth in the troposphere

G. P. Ayers Atmospheric sulphur and CCN in marine air in the Southern Hemisphere

T. W. Choularton Effect of atmospheric chemistry on the scattering properties of particles

A. Slingo Climate model studies of sulphate aerosols and clouds

J. E. Hansen Climate responses to aerosols and gases

M. Legrand The ice-core record of atmospheric sulphur T H E ROYAL SOCIETY Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 0962-8436(199612)351:1348

Series B Volume 351 Number 1348 29 December 1996

CONTENTS

H. Ellegren, P. Savolainen & B. Rosen pages 1661-1669 The genetical history of an isolated population of the endangered grey wolf Canis : a study of nuclear and mitochondrial polymorphisms

A. P. Rivero-Lynch, V. K. Brown & J. H. Lawton 1671-1677 The impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella and Phyllotreta

C. J. Rhodes & R. M. Anderson 1679-1688 A scaling analysis of measles epidemics in a small population

D. Ebert, P. Rainey, T. M. Embley & D. Scholz 1689-1701 Development, life cycle, ultrastructure and phylogenetic position of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888: rediscovery of an obligate endoparasite of Daphnia magna Straus

G. Fryer 1703-1712 The carapace of the branchiopod Crustacea

M. E. Hochberg, G. W. Elmes, J. A. Thomas & R. T. Clarke 1713-1724 Mechanisms of local persistence in coupled host-parasitoid associations: the case model of Maculinea rebeli and Ichneumon eumerus

J. M. Zanker 1725-1736 On the elementary mechanism underlying secondary motion processing

T. C. Lacalli 1737-1758 Mesodermal pattern and pattern repeats in the starfish bipinnaria larva, and related patterns in other deuterostome larvae and chordates

D. M. Williams 1759-1782 Fossil species of the diatom genus Tetracyclus ( Bacillar ,iophyta ‘ellipticus’ species group): morphology, interrelationships and the relevance of ontogeny

Indexes 1783-1791 * * *

Volume Title Page and Contents

Instructions to Authors

Published in Great Britain by the Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG Printed in Great Britain for the Royal Society hv the l Iniversitv Press f^mhriHcFe