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Acanthosis Nigricans 4 (Table) Benign Type 5 (Table) Acne Rosacea 40--3

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Index acanthosis nigricans 4 (table) benign migratory glossitis (erythema benign type 5 (table) migrans; geographic tongue) 2 acne rosacea 40--3 blastomycosis 7 (table) sclerokeratitis 41 blepharitis 35--40 treatment 42-3 anergic 43 acrodermatitis enteropathica (Danbolt- classification 35 (table) Closs syndrome) 5 (table) rosacea 40--3 acromegaly 55 treatment 42-3 actinic granuloma of O'Brien 75 seborrhoeic 36 Addison's disease 4 (table) staphylococcal 36 agammaglobulinaemia, sex-linked 24 treatment 39--40 (table) Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome allergic eye disease 43-9 (il1lcontinentia pigmenti) 5 (table), hypertrophic papillae 54 (table) (cobblestones) 45-6 Bloom syndrome 4 alopecia, granulomatous 72 bull om. dermatoses 49-53 5-amino-laevulinate synthase 87 bullou~. disease of childhood, amyloidosis 4 (table) chronic 50 anaemia 7 (table) bullous pemphigoid 15 angioedema of lips 25 (table) angioid streaks 55-6 calcinosis cutis 75 angular cheilitis (angular cheilosis; candidosis, chronic mucocutaneous angular stomatitis; perleche) 26- candidosis endocrinopathy 8 syndrome 24 (table) ataxia telangiectasia 24 (table) cataract 54 atopic dermatitis 54 (table) steroid 56 atypical facial necrobiosis of Dowling chalazion (meibomian cyst) 37,38 and Wilson-Jones 75, 76-7 (fig.), 40 chalazoderma 72 Chediak-Higashi syndrome 25 (table) Beh~et's syndrome 4 (table), 7 cheilitis glandularis 25 (table) (table), 21-3 cheilitis granulomatosa 25 (table), 29 109 INDEX chickenpox 4 (table) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome chloroquine 58-9 (fibrodysplasia hyperelastica) 5 chondroectocermal dysplasia (Ellis-van (table), 55 Creveld syndrome) 5 (table) Ellis-van Creveld syndrome coeliac disease 7 (table) (chondroectodermal dysplasia) 5 congenital dyskeratosis (Schiifer's (table) syndrome) 54 (table) epidermolysis bullosa 5 (table), 7 congenital ichthyosiform (table) erythroderma 54 (table) erythema migrans (benign migrator)' congenital skin atrophy (Siemen's glossitis; geographic tongue) 2 syndrome) 54 (table) erythema multiforme 7 (table), 13-15, conjunctivitis 23 (table), 72 allergic, acute/chronic 44 erythema multi forme-like lesions 72 vernal 44-5 erythema nodosum 62-3, 64 (fig.) bulbar 46 erythroplasia 9 limbal 46-7 eyelids, contact sensitivity 53--4 palpebral 46-7 treatment 47-8 contact sensitivity 53--4 Fabry syndrome 5 (table) Cowden syndrome (multiple hamartoma Felty's syndrome 7 (table) and neoplasia syndrome) 5 (table) fibrodysplasia hyperelastica (Ehlers- Coxsackie viruses 7 (table) Danlos syndrome) 5 (table), 55 Crohn's disease focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz cutaneous 77 syndrome) 5 (table) lips 25 (table) Fordyce spots (ectopic sebaceous oral 7 (table), 29-31 glands) 2 cytotoxic agents 7 (table) Danbolt--Closs syndrome Gardner's syndrome 5 (table) (acrodermatitis enteropathica) 5 geographic tongue (erythema migrans; (table) benign migratory glossitis) 2 Darier-Roussy sarcoids (subcutaneous gingivitis sarcoidosis) 68,69 (fig.) acute ulcerative 7 (table) Darier-White disease 5 (table) desquamative 9 (fig.) deficiency states 7 ( table) Goltz syndrome (focal dermal dermatitis herpetiformis 7 (table), 16, hypoplasia) 5 (table) 23 (table) Gorlin-Goltt syndrome (multiple basal desquamative gingivitis 9 (fig.) cell naevi syndrome) 5 Di George syndrome 24 (table) graft-versus-host disease 24 (table) Dowling-Wilson Jones syndrome 75, granuloma annulare 75, 77 (fig.) 76-7 granulomatosis 25 (table), 29 dyskeratosis congenita (Zinsser­ granulomatous disease, chronic 25 Engmann--Cole syndrome) 5 (table) (table) Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome (pseudoxanthoma e1asticum) 6 ectodermal dysplasia 5 (table), 54 (table), 55 (table) Gunther's disease (congenital ectopic sebaceous glands (Fordyce erythropoietic porphyria) 86 spots) 2 (table), 88 (table), 89 (table), 96-7 110 INDEX harderoporphyria 90 (table) lead poisoning 55 haem leukoedema 2 biosynthesis 84 (fig.), 87 leukopenia 7 (table) precursor overproduction 84 (fig.), leukaemia 7 (table) 87 Jichen planus 6-11,23 (table) hairy tongue 2 aetiology 9-10 hand, foot and mouth disease 4 (table) clinical appearance 8-9 hereditary angioedema 24 (table) diagnosis 10-11 hereditary benign intraepithelial management 11 dyskeratosis 5 (table) prognosis 9 hereditary coproporphyria 86 (table), linear 19A disease 88 (table), 100 ocular lesions 50, 52 homozygous 90 oral lesions 7 (table), 16,23 (table) inheritance 89 (table) lip hereditary haemorrhagic diseases involving 23-31 telangiectasia 5 (table) swellings 25 (table) herpes labialis, recurrent 28-9 tumours 25 (table) herpesviruses 7 (table) lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis et histoplasmosis 7 (table) mucosae; Urbach-Wiethe human immune deficiency virus 7 syndrome) 5 (table) (table), 24 (table) Lofgren's syndrome 63 hyalinosis cutis et mucosae (lipoid lupus erythematosis 4 (table), 7 (table). proteinosis; Urbach-Wiethe 19-21,23 (table) syndrome) 5 (table) lupus pernio 62, 69-70 hydroxychloroquine 58 lupus vulgaris 65, 66 (fig.) hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome) 25 hypertrichosis McCune-Albright syndrome 4 (table) gingival hyperplasia associated Maffucci syndrome 6 (table) porphyrial 92 measles 4 (table) meibomian cyst (chalazion) 37,38 immunodeficiency, common (fig.),40 variable 24 (table) meibomian gland disease 36-9 incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch­ meibomian keratoconjunctivitis 37-8, Sulzberger syndrome) 5 (table), 40 54 (table) meibomian seborrhoea 39 infantile poikiloderma (Rothmund's meibomitis 37-9 syndrome) 54 treatment 39-40 Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome 25 (pachyonychia congenital 5 (table), 29, 77 (table) mepacrine 59 Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE 8-metboxypsoralen 57 syndrome 25 (table) Mibelli's disease (porokeratosis) 6 (table) Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous Miescher's granulomatous cheilitis 77, lymph node syndroine) 4 (table) 78 kerato-conjunctivitis, adult atopic 48- mouth 9 disease relationships 3--6 K viem-Siltzbach test 70-1 normal/benign variants 2 111 INDEX mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome porphobilinogen synthase (Kawasaki's disease) 4 (table) deficiency 85, 86 (table), 88 (table) mucous membrane pemphigoid 11-13 porphyria 83-107 multiple basal cell naevi syndrome acute hepatic 86 (table), 88, 99-100 (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) 5 management 107 (table) acute intermittent 85, 86 (table), 88 multiple hamartoma and neoplasia (table) syndrome (Cowden syndrome) 5 inheritance 89 (table) (table) autosomal dominant homozygous mycobacterial infection 7 (table) forms 90 (table) myeloperoxidase deficiency 25 (table) biochemical genetics 89-90 classification 85 necrobiosis lipoidica 75 congenital (Gunther's disease) 4 neurofibromatosis 6 (table) (table), 86 (table), 89 (table), 96-7 neutropenia diagnosis 101-4 chronic benign 25 (table) latent porphyria 104-5 cyclic 24 (table) hepatoerythropoietic 90 (table) hereditary coproporphyria 86 (table) histopathology 94 oral mucosa I hypertrichosis 92 oral ulceration 7 (table) inherited 89 (table) management 105-7 pachyonychia congenita (Jadassohn­ metabolic abnormalities 86-8 Lewandowski syndrome) 5 porphobilinogen (PBG)-synthase (table) deficiency 85 Paget's disease 55 prevalence 85-6 papillomavirus infections 4 (table) prevention of light-induced skin Papillon-Lefevre syndrome 6 (table) damage 105 pemphigoid types 86 (table) bullous 23 (table) variegate 86 (table), 88 (table), 100 mucous membrane 23 (table), 50,52 homozygous 90 ocular lesions 50-3 inheritance 89 (table) oral ulceration 7 (table) porphyria cutanea tarda 86,87,88 pemphigus foliaceus 50 (table), 93 (fig.), 97-9 pemphigus vulgaris inheritance 89 (table) conjunctivitis 49-50 treatment 106-7 oral lesions 7 (table), 17-19,23 porphyria cutanea tarda-type skin (table) lesions perleche (angular cheilitis) 26-8 adults 102-4 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 6 (table) children 104 phenytoin 7 (table) porphyrins photo-onycholysis 91 mechanism of skin damage 95-6 pityriasis rosea 4 (table) photosensitization 87 pityriasis rubra pilaris 6 (table) clinical features 90-4 poliosis 56 protoporphyria (erythropoietic polyarteritis nodosa 4 (table), 23 protoporphyria; erythrohepatic (table) protoporphyria) 86 (table), 89, 91 porokeratosis (Mibelli's disease) 6 100-1 (table) homozygous 90 112 INDEX inheritance 89 (table) reactive lesions 62-3 liver disease 106 scar 68 prurigo 72 subcutaneous (Darier-Roussy nodular 72 sarcoids) 68,69 (fig.) pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Gronblad­ thrombophlebitis 72, 73 (fig.) Strandberg syndrome) 6 (table), vasculitis 72 55 vulval 75 psoralen/UVA (PUV A) therapy 57-8 Schafer's syndrome (congenital psoriasiform lesions 78 dyskeratosis) 54 (table) psoriasis 23 (table) scleroderma 4 (table) scleropoikiloderma (Werner's Reiter's syndrome 4 (table), 7 (table) syndrome) 54 (table) retinal disorders 54-6 selective IgA deficiency 24 (table) angioid streaks 55--6 severe combined immunodeficiency 24 rheumatoid nodules 77 (table) Rothmund's syndrome (infantile sicca syndrome 72 poikiloderma) 54 (table) sickle cell anaemia 55 Siemen's syndrome (congenital skin atrophy) 54 (table) sarcoidosis 61-2 Sjogren-Larsson syndrome 6 (table) actinic 75 staphylococcal hypersensitivity aestival 75 syndrome 40 alopecia 72 steroids 56 angiolupoid nodules 68 Sturge---Weber syndrome 6 (table) associated diseases 78--9 syphilis 7 (table) autoimmune disease? 78-9 conjunctival 72 dactylitis 74 teeth 1 elephantine 73 thiomersal 53 eruptive 74-5 tongue erythema multiforme see erythema fissured (scrotal) 2 multi forme geographic (erythema migrans; benign migratory glossitis) 2 formes sphace/iques 73 fulminant 72 hairy 2 granulomatous lesions 63-71 tuberose sclerosis 6 (table) hypopigmented 72-3, 74 (fig.) Trantas' spots 46 ichthyosis 72 tylosis 6 (table) K viem-Siltzbach test 70--1 lips 25 (table) ulcerative colitis 7 (table) micropapular 67,68 (fig.) Urbach-Wiethe syndrome (lipoid mucosal 72 proteinosis; hyalinosis cutis et nail 74 mucosae) 5 (table) 'naked granulomas' 65 uroporphyrin 96 nodules 67 oral lesions 4 (table) palmoplantar 74 Werner's syndrome papules 67 (scleropoikiloderma) 54 (table) perianal 75 white sponge naevus 6 (table) plaques 69--70 Wickham's striae 8 113 INDEX Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 24 (table) Zinsser-Engmann-Cole syndrome (dyskeratosis congenita) 5 (table) xanthomatosis 6 (table) zoster 4 (table) xeroderma pigmentosum 6 (table) 114 .
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  • Hereditary Palmoplantar Keratoderma "Clinical and Genetic Differential Diagnosis"

    Hereditary Palmoplantar Keratoderma "Clinical and Genetic Differential Diagnosis"

    doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13219 Journal of Dermatology 2016; 43: 264–274 REVIEW ARTICLE Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma “clinical and genetic differential diagnosis” Tomo SAKIYAMA, Akiharu KUBO Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperkerato- sis of the palm and the sole skin. Hereditary PPK are divided into four groups – diffuse, focal, striate and punctate PPK – according to the clinical patterns of the hyperkeratotic lesions. Each group includes simple PPK, without associated features, and PPK with associated features, such as involvement of nails, teeth and other organs. PPK have been classified by a clinically based descriptive system. In recent years, many causative genes of PPK have been identified, which has confirmed and/or rearranged the traditional classifications. It is now important to diag- nose PPK by a combination of the traditional morphological classification and genetic testing. In this review, we focus on PPK without associated features and introduce their morphological features, genetic backgrounds and new findings from the last decade. Key words: diffuse, focal, punctate, striate, transgrediens. INTRODUCTION psoriasis vulgaris confined to the palmoplantar area (Fig. 1b) are comparatively common and are sometimes difficult to Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heritable or acquired dis- distinguish from hereditary PPK. A skin biopsy is essential in order characterized by abnormal hyperkeratotic thickening of diagnosing these cases. Lack of a family history is not neces- the palm and sole skin. In a narrow sense, PPK implies heredi- sarily evidence of an acquired PPK, because autosomal reces- tary PPK, the phenotype of which usually appears at an early sive PPK can appear sporadically from parent carriers and age.