Manual of Stormwater Quality Control Standards for New Development and Redevelopment
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JUNE 2008 CITY OF DAVIS Manual of Stormwater Quality Control Standards for New Development and Redevelopment prepared by LARRY WALKER ASSOCIATES Table of Contents 1.0 Background, Goals, and Subject Projects .................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Goals ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Project Categories Subject to Standards ................................................. 1-2 2.0 Overview and Use of the Manual ................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Summary of Stormwater Pollution Control Measures ............................ 2-2 2.3 Control Measure Requirements and Selection ....................................... 2-3 2.4 Project Stormwater Quality Control Plan and Project Review Process . 2-6 3.0 Site Design Control Measures ........................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Site Design Control Measures ................................................................ 3-2 D-1: Conserve Natural Areas ............................................................ 3-3 D-2: Protect Slopes and Channels .................................................... 3-4 D-3: Minimize Impervious Area ...................................................... 3-5 D-4: Reduce Effective Imperviousness ............................................ 3-6 D-4.1: LID Grass Swale/Channel ..................................................... 3-8 D-4.2: LID Grass Filter Strip ............................................................ 3-12 D-4.3: LID Stormwater Planter ........................................................ 3-15 D-4.4: LID Porous Pavement Filter .................................................. 3-18 D-4.5: LID Vegetated Swale ............................................................ 3-21 D-4.6: LID Infiltration Trench/Vault ................................................ 3-24 4.0 Site-Specific Source Control Measures .......................................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Source Control Measures ........................................................................ 4-1 S-1: Storm Drain Stenciling and Signage ......................................... 4-2 S-2: Outdoor Material Storage Area Design .................................... 4-4 S-3: Outdoor Trash Storage Area Design ......................................... 4-7 S-4: Loading/Unloading Area Design .............................................. 4-9 S-5: Outdoor Vehicle/Equipment/Accessory Wash Area Design .... 4-11 S-6: Fuel Dispensing Area and Maintenance Area Design .............. 4-13 Davis Stormwater Quality Control Standards i June 2008 5.0 Treatment Control Measures ......................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Selection of Treatment Controls ............................................................. 5-3 5.3 Design and Implementation of Treatment Controls ............................... 5-3 T-0: Calculation of Stormwater Quality Design Flow and Volume . 5-5 T-1: Grass Swale ............................................................................... 5-11 T-2: Grass Filter Strip ....................................................................... 5-19 T-3: Wet Pond ................................................................................... 5-25 T-4: Constructed Wetland Basin ...................................................... 5-36 T-5: Extended Detention Basin ........................................................ 5-45 T-6: Infiltration Trench/Vault ........................................................... 5-57 T-7: Infiltration Basin ....................................................................... 5-64 T-8: Vegetated Swale ....................................................................... 5-71 T-9: Stormwater Planter ................................................................... 5-79 T-10: Media Filter ............................................................................. 5-86 T-11: Porous Pavement Filter ........................................................... 5-99 5.4 Proprietary and Alternative Treatment Control Measures ...................... 5-104 5.4.1 Proprietary Treatment Control Measures ..................................... 5-104 5.4.2 Alternative Treatment Control Measures ..................................... 5-104 6.0 Control Measure Maintenance ....................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Maintenance Plan .................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Maintenance Agreement ......................................................................... 6-4 Appendices A: Glossary of Terms and List of Acronyms B: Standard Calculations for Diversion Structure Design C-1: Stormwater Treatment Device Access and Maintenance Agreement C-2: Owner’s Certification Statement D-1: Project Stormwater Quality Control Plan Guidance D-2: Maintenance Plan Guidance E: Hydrologic Soil Groups F: Plants Suitable for Vegetative Control Measures G: References H: Approved Proprietary Control Measures Davis Stormwater Quality Control Standards ii June 2008 1.0 Background, Goals, and Subject Projects 1.1 BACKGROUND In 1972, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (also referred to as the Clean Water Act (CWA)) was amended to provide that the discharge of pollutants to Waters of the United States from any point source be prohibited unless the discharge is in compliance with a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. In 1987, further amendments to the CWA added Section 402(p), which established a framework for regulating municipal and industrial stormwater discharges under the NPDES program through a two-phase implementation plan. Phase I regulations promulgated in 1990 require metropolitan areas with a population greater than 100,000 (medium and large municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s)) and specific categories of industrial facilities to obtain an NPDES permit for stormwater discharges. Phase II regulations promulgated in 1999 require permits for stormwater discharges from small MS4s (population less than 100,000) and from construction sites disturbing between one and five acres of land. The City of Davis (City) has a population of 64,401 (as of January 1, 2005), so it is subject to Phase II stormwater regulations under NPDES General Permit No. CAS000004, also known as the Phase II General Permit (Permit). The City’s storm drain system serves the entire City – but not the unincorporated area of El Macero – and is divided into 11 basins. Rainfall runoff flows by gravity into the City’s wet pond and five flood control facilities.1 Pump stations lift water from these areas into main drainage channels: the Covell Drainage Channel, Channel A, Mace Ranch Park Drainage Channel, and the El Macero Drainage Channel. These channels ultimately drain to Willow Slough Bypass or the Yolo Basin Wetlands, Davis Site, east of the City. Under provision D.2.e. of the Permit, the City is required to develop, implement, and enforce a Post-Construction Stormwater Management in New Development2 and Redevelopment3 Program to address stormwater runoff from new development and redevelopment projects by ensuring that controls are in place to prevent or minimize water quality impacts. The program emphasizes all aspects of pollution control including, but not limited to, regulatory mechanisms, public education, low impact design strategies, source controls, treatment controls, and adequate long- term operation and maintenance of these controls. The program also requires the City to specify controls for post-construction runoff from new development and redeveloped areas. This Manual of Stormwater Quality Control Standards for New Development and Redevelopment (Manual) establishes standards for stormwater quality 1 The City’s flood control facilities do not currently meet the retention time specifications for Extended Detention Basins (T-5), but they provide some degree of pollutant removal. 2 New Development – Land-disturbing activities; structural development, including construction or installation of a building or structure, creation of impervious surfaces; and land subdivision (as defined in Permit). 3 Redevelopment – Under Attachment 4 and City of Davis policy, redevelopment is defined as a net increase in impervious area of 5,000 square feet or more on an already-developed site. Redevelopment includes, but is not limited to: the expansion of a building footprint or addition of a structure; structural development including an increase in gross floor area and/ or exterior construction or remodeling; and land disturbing activities related with structural or impervious surfaces. Where redevelopment results in an increase of less than fifty percent of the impervious surfaces of a previously existing development, and the existing development was not subject to these Design Standards,