Scandinavian Studies Spring 2012
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In Shackleton's Footsteps
In Shackleton’s Footsteps 20 March – 06 April 2019 | Polar Pioneer About Us Aurora Expeditions embodies the spirit of adventure, travelling to some of the most wild and adventure and discovery. Our highly experienced expedition team of naturalists, historians and remote places on our planet. With over 27 years’ experience, our small group voyages allow for destination specialists are passionate and knowledgeable – they are the secret to a fulfilling a truly intimate experience with nature. and successful voyage. Our expeditions push the boundaries with flexible and innovative itineraries, exciting wildlife Whilst we are dedicated to providing a ‘trip of a lifetime’, we are also deeply committed to experiences and fascinating lectures. You’ll share your adventure with a group of like-minded education and preservation of the environment. Our aim is to travel respectfully, creating souls in a relaxed, casual atmosphere while making the most of every opportunity for lifelong ambassadors for the protection of our destinations. DAY 1 | Wednesday 20 March 2019 Ushuaia, Beagle Channel Position: 21:50 hours Course: 84° Wind Speed: 5 knots Barometer: 1007.9 hPa & falling Latitude: 54°55’ S Speed: 9.4 knots Wind Direction: E Air Temp: 11°C Longitude: 67°26’ W Sea Temp: 9°C Finally, we were here, in Ushuaia aboard a sturdy ice-strengthened vessel. At the wharf Gary Our Argentinian pilot climbed aboard and at 1900 we cast off lines and eased away from the and Robyn ticked off names, nabbed our passports and sent us off to Kathrine and Scott for a wharf. What a feeling! The thriving city of Ushuaia receded as we motored eastward down the quick photo before boarding Polar Pioneer. -
Biting Adventures of Polar Exploration Captivating Reads from the World's Leading Polar Bookstore the World's
The World’s Coolest Stories Biting Adventures of polar exploration Captivating reads from THe World’s leading polar bookstore ‘He was lucky.’ Roald Amundsen: The Northwest Passage ‘They found the easy route to the Pole.’ His personal diaries from the Gjøa expedition, 1900–1905 in two volumes ‘Amundsen’s claim might be fraudulent.’ t the turn of a new century Roald Amundsen diaries Roald Amundsen’s n presenting with great pleasure Roald Amundsen’s personal THE FRAM MUSEUM PRESENTS Idiaries from the Gjøa Expedition this is not just a big moment Geir O. Kløver: beganfor histhe Fram preparationsMuseum, but also an important contribution for to thethe conquest of the A dissemination of Norwegian and Canadian polar history. Roald Amundsen’s Roald Amundsen writes with great enthusiasm about the enormous Lessons from the Arctic Northwest effortsPassage, he and his crew are making which in dealing with scientifichad research eluded sailors for and Amundsen’s own studies of the Inuit and their way of life around diaries Gjoa Haven, Nunavut. After reading the diaries we know so much about the expedition, about life aboard Gjøa and among the Inuit centuries. Name: Roald Amundsen that it feels as if we have partaken in the expedition ourselves. Age: 34 Position: Captain, Amundsen is generous in his descriptions of his comrades and treats How Roald Amundsen won the race Expedition Leader all contact with, and all the information from, the Inuit with great respect. In addition, he emerges as an unprecedented planner of When: 1903 – 1905 an expedition through the Northwest Passage. After four hundred Where: The Northwest The Northwest Passage 190 to the South Pole through meticulous These unabridgedyears of attempts to solve thediaries puzzle of the Passage, are his expedition the Passage thoughts of the took place exactly as he presented his plan to the Norwegian planning and preparations over world’s mostGeographical successful Society in 1901, more than 18polar months before theexplorer departure with Gjøa. -
A NTARCTIC Southpole-Sium
N ORWAY A N D THE A N TARCTIC SouthPole-sium v.3 Oslo, Norway • 12-14 May 2017 Compiled and produced by Robert B. Stephenson. E & TP-32 2 Norway and the Antarctic 3 This edition of 100 copies was issued by The Erebus & Terror Press, Jaffrey, New Hampshire, for those attending the SouthPole-sium v.3 Oslo, Norway 12-14 May 2017. Printed at Savron Graphics Jaffrey, New Hampshire May 2017 ❦ 4 Norway and the Antarctic A Timeline to 2006 • Late 18th Vessels from several nations explore around the unknown century continent in the south, and seal hunting began on the islands around the Antarctic. • 1820 Probably the first sighting of land in Antarctica. The British Williams exploration party led by Captain William Smith discovered the northwest coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Russian Vostok and Mirnyy expedition led by Thaddeus Thadevich Bellingshausen sighted parts of the continental coast (Dronning Maud Land) without recognizing what they had seen. They discovered Peter I Island in January of 1821. • 1841 James Clark Ross sailed with the Erebus and the Terror through the ice in the Ross Sea, and mapped 900 kilometres of the coast. He discovered Ross Island and Mount Erebus. • 1892-93 Financed by Chr. Christensen from Sandefjord, C. A. Larsen sailed the Jason in search of new whaling grounds. The first fossils in Antarctica were discovered on Seymour Island, and the eastern part of the Antarctic Peninsula was explored to 68° 10’ S. Large stocks of whale were reported in the Antarctic and near South Georgia, and this discovery paved the way for the large-scale whaling industry and activity in the south. -
Sea-Floor and Sea-Ice Conditions in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Around the Wreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton’S Endurance
Sea-floor and sea-ice conditions in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica, around the wreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Endurance J.A. Dowdeswell a, C.L. Batchelor a,b, B. Dorschel c, T.J. Benham a, F.D.W. Christie a, E.K. Dowdeswell a, A. Montelli a, J.E. Arndt c, C. Gebhardt c a Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK b Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway c Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract: Marine-geophysical evidence on sea-floor morphology and shallow acoustic stratigraphy is used to examine the substrate around the location at which Sir Ernest Shackleton’s ship Endurance sank in 1915 and on the continental slope-shelf sedimentary system above this site in the western Weddell Sea. Few signs of turbidity-current and mass- wasting activity are found near or upslope of the wreck site, and any such activity was probably linked to full-glacial higher-energy conditions when ice last advanced across the continental shelf. The wreck is well below the maximum depth of iceberg keels and will not have been damaged by ice-keel ploughing. The wreck has probably been draped by only a few centimetres of fine-grained sediment since it sank in 1915. Severe modern sea-ice conditions hamper access to the wreck site. Accessing and investigating the wreck of Endurance in the Weddell Sea therefore represents a significant challenge. An ice-breaking research vessel is required and even this would not guarantee that the site could be reached. -
NPRC) VIP List, 2009
Description of document: National Archives National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) VIP list, 2009 Requested date: December 2007 Released date: March 2008 Posted date: 04-January-2010 Source of document: National Personnel Records Center Military Personnel Records 9700 Page Avenue St. Louis, MO 63132-5100 Note: NPRC staff has compiled a list of prominent persons whose military records files they hold. They call this their VIP Listing. You can ask for a copy of any of these files simply by submitting a Freedom of Information Act request to the address above. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. -
Platonic Solids
IN THEATERS EARTH DAY 2019 Educator’s Guide | Grades 2-6 Disneynature’s all-new feature filmPenguins is a coming-of-age story about an Adélie penguin named Steve who joins millions of fellow males in the icy Antarctic spring on a quest to build a suitable nest, find a life partner and start a family. None of it comes easily for him, especially considering he’s targeted by everything from killer whales to leopard seals, who unapologetically threaten his happily ever after. From the filmmaking team behindBears and Chimpanzee, Disneynature’s Penguins opens in theaters nationwide in time for Earth Day 2019. Further Explore the World of Penguins The Disneynature Penguins Educator’s Guide includes multiple standards-aligned lessons and activities targeted to grades 2 through 6. The guide introduces students to a variety of topics, including: • Animal Behavior • Biodiversity • Making a Positive and Natural History • Earth’s Systems Difference for Wildlife Worldwide • Habitat and Ecosystems • Culture and the Arts EDUCATOR’S GUIDE OBJECTIVES 3 Increase students’ 3 Enhance students’ 3 Promote life-long 3 Empower you and knowledge of the viewing of the conservation values your students to create amazing animals and Disneynature film and STEAM-based positive changes for habitats of Antarctica Penguins and inspire skills through outdoor wildlife in your school, through interactive, an appreciation for the natural exploration and community and world. interdisciplinary and wildlife and wild places discovery. inquiry-based lessons. featured in the film. Disney.com/nature Content provided by education experts at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment 2 © 2019 Disney Enterprises, Inc. -
Outer Space the Moon Mars Earth Gravity Radiation Primary Atmosphere Temperature
Introduction Abstract Introduction Isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments exist as the inhabited areas of the Isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments are the most universally challenging Earth or the space above it that pose the greatest challenges to human health. Individuals places in which anyone could attempt to survive, but can provide enormous scientific and can survive in these places, but the environments present inherently challenging conditions economic benefits for those who do live and work within them. The harsh environmental that make survival difficult or even dangerous. The most familiar extreme environments are conditions and psychological difficulties experienced within ICE environments currently limits considered the open desert, the ocean, and the poles. These are areas with harsh weather the amount of time individuals can spend at Earth’s poles, at sea, or in space to roughly and almost no potable water, and they offer very little in terms of shelter. a year. Enabling humans to survive for a longer duration while remaining physically and The most immediate threats are physical in the form of environmental conditions psychologically healthy is the central goal of architecture for ICE environments. or the vacuum of space, which could prove lethal. Drilling platforms must deal with high These environments offer access to resources such as oil and gas and enable seas and polar research stations must allow for survival through long winters without unique scientific exploration and discovery. Addressing the difficulties those living in outside assistance. The necessity of dealing with one’s physical environment is paramount; ICE environments face will increase overall productivity and health. -
Wilhelm Filchner and Antarctica Helmut Hornik and Cornelia Lüdecke
Berichte ??? / 2007 zur Polar- und Meeresforschung Reports on Polar and Marine Research Steps of Foundation of Institutionalized Antarctic Research Proceedings of the 1 st SCAR Workshop on the History of Antarctic Research Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich (Germany), 2-3 June, 2005 Edited by Cornelia Lüdecke Rückseite Titelblatt Steps of Foundation of Institutionalized Antarctic Research Proceedings of the 1 st SCAR Workshop on the History of Antarctic Research Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich (Germany) 2-3 June, 2005 Edited by Cornelia Lüdecke Ber. Polarforsch. Meeresfor. Xxx (2007) ISSN 1618-3193 Cornelia Lüdecke, SCAR History Action Group, Valleystrasse 40, D- 81371 Munich, Germany Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents .......... ................................................................................................I Figures List ....................................................................................................................V List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................VI Preface .................................................................................................................iX Introduction ........................................................................................................1 1 The Dawn of Antarctic Consciousnes J. Berguño ............................................................................................................3 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................3 -
Tourism in Antarctica – Some Background
Tourism in Antarctica – Some Background Highlights in a Timeline of Human Activity and Tourism in Antarctica Day Month Year Event 30 January 1774 Captain James Cook sails the HMS Resolution to 71°10’ S, coming within about 75 miles of the Antarctic mainland without seeing it. Many explorers before James Cook had ventured in search of a southern ice cap, the existence of which had been the subject of speculation as early as 600BC. 19 February 1819 Englishman William Smith becomes the first person to sight land south of 60oS when he sets eyes on Livingston Island in the South Shetlands. September 1819 Spanish Navy ship San Telmo sinks when trying to cross Cape Horn. She has 644 people on board. The wreckage is found on the northern coast of Livingston Island, but it is unknown if any survivors managed to be the first to set foot on Antarctic soil. This disaster remains the biggest single loss-of-life accident in the Antarctic. 27 January 1820 Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen discovers mainland Antarctica. 1839-43 James Clark Ross discovers the Ross Ice Shelf, Ross Sea, Mount Erebus, Mount Terror and Victoria Land. 1892-93 During the Jason expedition, Carl Anton Larsen becomes the first person to ski in Antarctica 4 February 1902 Captain Robert Falcon Scott ascends to 244m in a tethered, hydrogen-filled balloon when his vessel anchors off the Ross Ice Shelf. 1901-03 Professor Erich von Drygalski uses a balloon to survey the coastal terrain of Wilhelm II Land. 16 January 1909 A member of Shackleton’s expedition, Professor Edgeworth David, becomes the first person to reach the South Magnetic Pole. -
The Importance of Eating Local: Slaughter and Scurvy in Antarctic
Feature Endeavour Vol. 35 No. 4 The importance of eating local: slaughter and scurvy in Antarctic cuisine Jason C. Anthony P.O. Box 165, Damariscotta, Maine 04543, United States A number of royal and small penguins and some seals Every expedition that brought dogs fed them on seals, were led by curiousity to visit us. They called, and just as each group of men that suffered a catastrophe cried, and talked, and grunted, as they walked over survived on whatever they could kill. But there were other the ice about the ship. And were finally captured by key logistical reasons for the slaughter: To secure large the naturalist and the cook, who had an equal inter- amounts of local food, to provide fresh variety amid a bland est. in their future destiny. litany of canned meat, and to fend off scurvy. I will briefly 1 outline the issues behind these first two reasons – local – Frederick Cook, Through the First Antarctic Night availability and variety – and then explain in detail the problem of scurvy. Unsafe for any living thing Food awaiting Antarctic explorers was food they did not A quick course in Antarctic ‘heroic age’ cuisine shows that have to purchase or transport. This was helpful, as often living off the land was de rigueur in Antarctic exploration. these expeditions departed under a cloud of debt. Explora- Untold thousands of seals, penguins and penguin eggs, tion is a gamble, after all, and who likes to throw good with more than a few sea birds thrown in for good measure, money at eccentric men gambling with their lives for often were consumed by expeditions scattered along the Antarc- rarified goals? Expedition leaders thus begged, cajoled, tic coast. -
Fridtjof Nansen, Scientist and Explorer. Fridtjof Nansen
FRIDTJOF NANSEN, SCIENTIST AND EXPLORER. FRIDTJOF NANSEN bis 'JLife ant, JEJ;plorations. EY J. AR THUR BAIN, AUTHOR OF "THE NANSENS" (" IDLER," MARCH, 1896); "FRU NANSEN" (" STRAND MAGAZINE," NOVEMBRR, 1896); "A TALK WITH DR, NANSEN" (" STRAND MAGAZINE," CHRISTMAS, 1896), ~brilJgrlJ from tbr 1-argrr Mork. SECOND EDITION. TENTH THOUSAND. LONDON S. W. PA R T R I D G E & C 0. 8 & 9 PATERNa°STER Row I 89 7. CHRISTIANIA, PREFACE. HE only cure for the Arctic fever is the discovery of the North Pole. A goal at T once so definite and so encompassed with mystery is sure to command human effort until it shall be reached, and never was man kind nearer to this consummation than at the present time. The operations of Arctic heroes, beginning with Sebastian Cabot and ending with Fridtjof Nansen, have gradually broken down the barriers that have stood for ages between restless man and his ambition. For many years Great Britain has stood foremost in the history of Arctic exploration, but Norway has lately proved a formidable rival in the person of Fridtjof Nansen, whose crossing of the great Greenland plateau in 1888 drew attention for the first time to the fertility of resource possessed by this strong-nerved Scandinavian. V vi PREFACE. Only the Arctic explorer himself is able to explain the source of the attraction that lures men to the icy north. However greatly opinions may differ as to the feasibility of the plans of the majority of the explorers; as to the practical results which may accrue to navigation or commerce; or as to the benefits to be derived by science from their observa tions in these regions, it will not be denied that the men who, in face of a terribly rigorous climate and of fearful bodily risks, sail northward with a fixed determination to wrest from Nature her most closely guarded secret, are worthy of admiration. -
ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY LONDON Polar Group Display 31 May 2018
ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY LONDON Polar Group Display 31 May 2018 ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY LONDON Page 1 Dear Collectors of Polar Philately, It seemed only natural for me to invite you to the Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL). After all, for many years, you have proved - as if there were any need - that this branch of philately fully deserves its place among the other disciplines. Through the various exhibitions organised at international level, including the very successful one at MonacoPhil 2015, Polar Philately has certainly earned its stripes. All of this convinced me, once and for all, that a polar exhibition should be dedicated to it here - under this same roof. I have to admit though that my personal strong interest in the Belgian presence in Antarctica influenced this decision too… I greatly look forward to seeing your collections from all over the world in London and the RPSL will once again try to prove that it is the ideal place to promote lesser known aspects of our hobby. Patrick Maselis RDP FRPSL President of the RPSL To Max, Fred and Hans Werner * * Max Koesling, Fred Goldberg and Hans Werner Helfenbein were three great polar collectors and real friends. They had displayed during the International Polar Philatelic Exhibition in Monaco in December 2015. They would have liked to be present today to exhibit but life decided otherwise. Today, this polar group display at the Royal Philatelic Society London is dedicated to them. Page 2 ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY LONDON What is Polar Philately? Polar Philately Polar philately focuses on materials related to the Arctic (North Polar) and Antarctic (South Polar) and those adjacent places defined as polar philatelic like sub-Arctic and sub-Antarctic.