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ENCU Bulletin 2Nd Quarter 06.Qxd EMERGENCY NUTRITION QUARTERLY BULLETIN (April - June 2006) Emergency Nutrition Coordination Unit Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency This bulletin presents the summary findings of standard nutrition surveys carried out by GOAL, Action Contre La Faim, World Vision-Ethiopia, Save the Children- USA and DPPA/B during the second quarter of 2006. SNNP REGION As a result of early warning reports of present bulletin, as relevant food deteriorating food security in March security indicators to allow compari- 06 confirmed by rapid assessments son with the baseline year were not in April 06 the Regional Food systematically collected in the nutri- Security, Disaster Prevention and tion surveys. ENCU Preparedness Bureau and the Regional Health Bureau of SNNPR A survey was also conducted in the requested partners to conduct nutri- lowlands of Tocha and Mareka INSIDE tion surveys in the most affected woredas of Dawro zone during the areas of the region. This included Silti second quarter of 2006. However, a SNNP REGION and Sankura woredas of Silti zone, bias was introduced in the selection SILTI ZONE (SILTI AND SANKURA WOREDAS) Hulla (Midlands), Boricha and of the children, which affected the Page 2 Shebedino woredas of Sidama zone, representativeness of the sample. Mareko and Meskan (Lowlands) SIDAMA ZONE (HULLA, BORICHA AND SHEBEDINO Thus the results were not consid- WOREDAS) woredas of Gurage zone, and Kedida ered to be reliable and were reject- Page 3 Gamela of KT zone. ed. GURAGE ZONE (MAREKO AND MESKAN WOREDAS) The survey findings from SNNPR are Finally a nutrition assessment using Page 5 presented below, summarized in MUAC was undertaken in Angacha KT ZONE (KEDIDA GAMELA WOREDA) table 1 and displayed on map 1 (in and Shashego woredas of KT and Page 5 annex) with the existing food/nutrition Hadiya zones; results are presented interventions. separately. HADIYA ZONES (ANGACHA AND SHASHEGO WOREDAS) Page 6 Most of the baseline information on livelihood and food security incorpo- OROMIA REGION rated in this bulletin has been extract- ed from the SNNPR Livelihood EAST HARARGHE ZONE (KOMBOLCHA WOREDA) Page 8 Profiles, FewsNet/USAID, January 06. The profiles describe the major characteristics of each livelihood EAST SHEWA ZONE (BOSSET WOREDA) Page 9 zone and how households from differ- ENC ent wealth groups make ends meet SURVEY DATA QUALITY for a reference or baseline year. The ENCU/DPPA Page 11 household economy baseline can Addis Ababa then be used to understand the Tel. (011) 5 523556 impact of a hazard on food security. e-mail:[email protected] NUTRITION SURVEY DATABASE http://www.dppc.gov.et Page 12 Such analysis remained limited in the ENCU June 30, 2006 1 SILTI ZONE Silti and Sankura Woredas reduces food and cash incomes. Maize is Nutrition: The prevalence of global acute the main staple and the consumption of malnutrition was estimated at 12% in both green maize in August/September miti- woredas with severe acute malnutrition of gates the hungry season, which typically 2% and 2.4% in Silti and Sankura respec- occurs from May to July. Pepper is the tively. Baseline for comparison of the cur- main cash crop and income generating rent findings to a "normal" year was not activity, which is complemented by small available neither for Silti nor for Sankura. livestock holding. The Midland Enset and Chat LZ is a relatively food secure area Health: Crude and Under Five mortality that has rarely experienced drought and rates were below the emergency thresh- has no history of food aid while the olds of 1 and 2 deaths/10,000/day, with Highland Enset and Barley LZ has been CMR of 0.46 and U5MR of 0.94 for Silti historically self-sufficient in crop produc- and CMR of 0.45 and U5MR of 1.41 for tion and households remain generally Sankura. Morbidity in children in the 2 food secure. At the time of the survey weeks prior to surveys was high, 34% in 77% and 50% of the households inter- Silti and 44% in Sankura with diarrhea, viewed in Silti and Sankura respectively fever and malaria being reported as the stated relying on their own production as main causes of morbidity. Health care uti- a main source of food. Livestock condi- lization was average, as indicated by BCG tion was generally rated as good though coverage of 59% in Silti and 47% in in some areas it was reported to be poor Sankura. Measles vaccination coverage as a result of insufficient water and pas- (by card and recall) remained below the ture, and diseases. No unusual coping recommended 90% coverage level both in strategies were recorded during the sur- Silti (65%) and Sankura (66%) while vita- veys. It was mentioned that some parts of min A supplementation was around 83% Silti and Sankura had experienced flood in both woredas. The availability of health earlier in 2006 with 15 affected kebeles in facilities was reported to be low in both Sankura. Flooding is a recurrent hazard woredas, not meeting the government occurring each year caused by rains in policies on service provision requiring 1 neighboring highlands. Land preparation health post per 5,000 people and 1 health was going on while in some areas maize centre per 10,000 people. This was com- was already in its early stage of develop- ENCU pounded by a lack of basic equipment, ment. Both woredas benefits from the shortage of drugs, lack of trained health EOS and Safety Net Programme in form staff, and lack of transport and of bed of Cash-For-Work, targeted at 15 out of nets. 30 kebeles in Sankura and at 25 out of 43 kebeles in Silti. Water and Sanitation: Water access is problematic in both woredas, with critical Conclusion & Recommendations: The shortages during the dry season both for nutrition situation was ranked as "serious" human and animal consumption. The safe both in Silti and Sankura woredas with water coverage is estimated at 15% and GAM of 12% and presence of aggravat- 25% in Sankura and Silti respectively. ing factors such as high morbidity, inade- quate safe water supplies and sanitation, Livelihood/Food Security: Sankura and declining food security in areas Silti & Sankura Woreda woreda and most of Silti woreda belong to affected by the recent floods. There was the Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper also a threat of malaria epidemic in the The nutrition situation was Livelihood Zone while a small proportion flooded areas. The short-term recommen- ranked as "serious" both in of Silti covers another 2 zones, Gurage- dations included immediate provision of Silti and Sankura woredas Silti Midland Enset and Chat Livelihood treatment of severe malnutrition (in Silti with GAM of 12% and pres- Zone and Gurage-Silti Highland Enset GOAL started OTP just after the survey), ence of aggravating factors and Barley Livelihood Zone (FewsNet, revision of the EOS/TSFP beneficiaries such as high morbidity, inade- SNNPR Livelihood Profiles, Jan. 06). In list by repeating a screening to cater for quate safe water supplies and the Lowlands Pepper LZ households rely new cases not included in the Jan. 06 list, sanitation, and declining food mostly on long cycle crops harvested in and improved delivery of the PSPN with security in areas affected by November and consequently any fluctua- timely payment of the beneficiaries, as the recent floods. tion in rainfalls during the meher season delays were reported in both woredas. ENCU June 30, 2006 2 Hulla Woreda SIDAMA ZONE The situation in the midlands Hulla Woreda (Midlands) of Hulla was rated as "seri- ous" with 18.1% global acute Nutrition: The situation in the midlands ing months. It is hoped that this gap will malnutrition. When compared of Hulla was rated as "serious" with be filled by the upcoming belg assess- to surveys undertaken at the 18.1% global acute malnutrition, 2.1% ment. Meanwhile it is strongly recom- same time in other parts of severe acute malnutrition and 1.1% kwa- mended to consider the implementation SNNPR the prevalence of shiorkor. No baseline data were available of food aid targeted at the midlands of acute malnutrition was signifi- for comparison. Hulla, or alternatively to increase the cantly higher. number of PSNP beneficiaries in this Health: The crude and Under Five mor- part of Hulla in order to prevent further tality rates of 0.09 and 0.12 deterioration of the nutrition situation. deaths/10,000/days respectively were Boricha Woreda low and lied within the non-emergency ranges. Measles (card and recall) and Nutrition: The nutrition situation in BCG vaccination coverage was relatively Boricha was reported as "typical" with high at 77.3% and 69.4% respectively 6.8% global acute malnutrition. When while vitamin A supplementation was compared to last year around the same higher at 94.5% due to the recent EOS season (March 27-31, 05) where GAM campaign. was of 12.3% (95% CI: 9.6%-15.7%) the nutrition situation was similar with no Livelihood/Food Security: Hulla woreda statistically significant difference. is divided into 2 agro-ecological zones: the highlands (64%) and the midlands Health: The Crude and Under Five mor- (36%). The Midlands of Hulla are part of tality rates were estimated at 0.04 and the Sidama Coffee Livelihood Zone 0.1 deaths/10,000/day respectively, (FewsNet, SNNPR Livelihood Profiles, below the emergency thresholds. Jan. 06) and is reported as a relatively Morbidity in children was estimated at productive area with two rainy seasons, 20%. In Boricha malaria occurs through- belg and kremt. Enset is the main food out the year with a peak from May to crop while coffee is the main cash crop, November while due to widespread dry and these are supplemented by small season water shortages diarrhoeal dis- quantities of maize, sorghum, beans, eases are most common from yams, taro and sweet potatoes.
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