DOCSLIB.ORG

Culture and Materialism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Culture and Materialism CULTURE AND MATERIALISM Raymond Williams First published by Verso 1980 This edition published by Verso 2005 © Raymond Williams 1980, 2005 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 5 79 10 8642 Verso UK: 6 Nicard Street, London W1F 0EG USA: 180 Varick Street, New York NY 10014-4606 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN 1-84467-060-0 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Printed and Bound in the United Kingdom by Bookmarque Publisher's Note ‘Selected essays’ are not uncommon in English-language culture, but their rationale as a form of publication is notably variable, and often indefinite. It may be pertinent, therefore, briefly to indicate our purpose in compiling Problems in Materialism and Culture. Raymond Williams’s many books—from Reading and Criticism to Marxism and Literature— are well known and, with very few exceptions, widely available. What are less generally known and, for evident material reasons, not nearly so accessible, are the numerous essays that have accompanied them. Anticipating or developing the themes of the major works, augmenting them with more detailed studies or extending their methods into new areas of research, these essays are a crucial component of Williams’s writing as a whole, and it was in order to make them available to the wider readership of his full-length books that this volume was conceived. The fourteen texts included here were chosen and arranged in the light of a related consideration. Many thousands of readers have encountered Williams’s major works as they appeared, in an intellectual acquaintanceship going back twenty years and more. But there is an increasing number for whom, inevitably, this is not the case. So large and complex a body of work can pose problems of access, for anyone - teacher or student, specialist or general reader-approaching it for the first time. It seemed important, therefore, that any selection of essays should aim to cover its entire range (apart from the novels), to compose a volume at once compact and representative. Problems in Materialism and Culture has been designed to meet these requirements. The earliest of the essays dates from the period of The Long Revolution, having been written in 1958-59, the most recent from New Year, 1980. Their occasions are lectures and book- reviews as well as relatively independent and long-standing contexts of research. In mode the volume ranges from wholly abstract theoretical exposition to concrete historical analysis, from specialist research through collaborative dissent to engaged polemic. The subjects of discussion include literature and drama; theories of culture and of nature; dominant and subordinate, celebrated and marginal, forms of cultural production; structural features of late capitalist society and of the socialist order beyond it; the related political problems of contesting the one and constructing the other. The central theme—and practice—of the volume, already given in its title, is the elaboration within Marxist theory and socialist politics of a ‘cultural materialism’. A Hundred Years of Culture and Anarchy, the opening essay of the book, looks back to illuminate a decisive and profoundly ambivalent moment in the emergence of English cultural criticism: Arnold’s response to the popular agitation of the late 1860s. Then follow a group of three studies in cultural theory: a tribute to Lucien Goldmann that discusses his work and meditates on its complex relations with received intellectual traditions in England; a re-examination of the concept of ‘base and superstructure’; and a theoretical analysis of means of communication. The next group of three essays is devoted to the problem of ‘nature’, as represented in the dominant humanist tradition; in the ideological formations, past and present, of Social Darwinism; and in the writings of the Italian Marxist Sebastiano Timpanaro. A fourth section brings together five concrete studies dealing successively with English naturalist theatre; the Bloomsbury group; advertising; utopianism and science fiction; and the Welsh industrial novelists. These exemplify the analytic programme of cultural theory. Politics is the keynote of the fifth and last section of the volume. Here Williams reflects on the problematic history of Marxism in post-war Britain and on his own relation to it, and then, in a concluding essay on Rudolf Bahro’s Alternative, turns to consider the state of ‘actually existing socialism’—the comparable blockages of the instituted social order in the East and of the movement in the West—and to project a course beyond it, through the theory and practice of ‘cultural revolution’. NLB Acknowledgments The essays now collected in this volume were first published as follows: A Hundred Years of Culture and Anarchy in The Spokesman, 8, December 1970, based on a lecture given in Manchester in April 1969; Literature and Sociology: in Memory of Lucien Goldmann in New Left Review, 67, May-June 1971, based on a lecture given in Cambridge in April 1971; Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory in New Left Review, 82, November-December 1973, based on a lecture given in Montreal in April 1973; Means of Communication as Means of Production in Prilozi: Drustvenost Komunikacije, Zagreb, 1978; Ideas of Nature in Ecology: the Shaping Inquiry (ed. J. Benthall), Longman, 1972, based on a lecture given at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, in 1971; Social Darwinism in The Limits of Human Nature (ed. J. Benthall), Allen Lane, 1973, based on a lecture given at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, in 1972; Problems of Materialism in New Left Review, 109, May- June 1978; Social Environment and Theatrical Environment in English Drama: Forms and Development (ed. M. Axton and R. Williams), Cambridge University Press, 1977; The Bloomsbury Fraction in Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group (ed. D. Crabtree and A.P. Thirlwall), Macmillan, 1980, based on a lecture given in Canterbury in 1978; Advertising: the Magic System, originally written as a chapter in The Long Revolution (1961), withdrawn from that book for inclusion in a collective book on advertising which in the event was not published, then published in part in New Left Review, 4, July-August 1960 (the Afterword to this essay was published in The Listener, 31 July, 1969); Utopia and Science Fiction in Science Fiction Studies, Vol. 5 (1978), Montreal, and in Science Fiction: a Critical Guide (ed. P. Parrinder), Longman, 1979; The Welsh Industrial Novel, University College Press, Cardiff, 1979, based on the inaugural Gwyn Jones lecture given in Cardiff, April 1978; Notes on Marxism in Britain since 1945 in New Left Review, 100, November 1976-January 1977; Beyond Actually Existing Socialism in New Left Review, 120, March-April 1980.1 have taken the opportunity to revise all the essays for this volume. R.W. Contents 1 A Hundred Years of Culture and Anarchy 1 2 Literature and Sociology 6 Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory 21 Means of Communication as Means of Production 35 3 Ideas of Nature 45 Social Darwinism 60 Problems of Materialism 73 4 Social Environment and Theatrical Environment 88 The Bloomsbury Fraction 105 Advertising: The Magic System 122 Utopia and Science Fiction 144 The Welsh Industrial Novel 157 5 Notes on Marxism in Britain Since 1945 170 Beyond Actually Existing Socialism 184 A Hundred Years of Culture and Anarchy In the late sixties several issues came together. Issues and controversies. About parliament, about law and the trade unions, about demonstrations and public order, about education and its expansion. In the late eighteen-sixties, I mean. In the years when George Eliot began Middlemarch, when Marx published the first volume of Capital, when Carlyle wrote Shooting Niagara, and Matthew Arnold wrote the lectures and articles which became Culture and Anarchy. In our own late sixties the spirit of Arnold is often invoked, especially in the universities. He has been taken as a kind of patron of things like the Black Papers: in some ways astonishingly, for all his working life he was a hardworking inspector of education and the most effective exponent of the need for a new system of secondary schooling. Nevertheless, the invocation is neither accidental nor wholly misguided. Arnold’s emphasis on culture—his kind of emphasis—was a direct response to the social crisis of those years, and what he saw as opposed to culture was anarchy, in a sense very similar to many recent public descriptions of demonstrations and the protest movement. He did not see or present himself as a reactionary, but as a guardian of excellence and of humane values. That, then as now, was the strength of his appeal. What then was the actual crisis? In immediate-terms it was an argument about the franchise: that the right to vote should be extended to working- class men in the towns. Not, it now seems, so very radical a proposal. Just a hundred years later that hard-won right is part of our ‘immemorial’ democratic traditions. But at the time it was critical. In 1866 the first form of the bill was defeated and the Liberal government fell. The campaign was taken to the country by the Reform League. The meetings in London were especially large. The only suitable places for such large meetings were the parks, but the authorities argued that these were royal gifts for public recreation; mass demonstrations, on the other hand, were a form of public nuisance. The right to meet in Hyde Park —now, a century later, another part of our ‘immemorial’ democratic tradition— was especially at issue.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strong Cultures and Subcultures in Dynamic Organizations
    02-091 The Role of Subcultures in Agile Organizations Alicia Boisnier Jennifer A. Chatman1 1 The second author wrote this paper while a Marvin Bower Fellow at the Harvard Business School and is grateful for their support. We also thank Elizabeth Mannix, Rita McGrath, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful suggestions. Copyright © 2002 by Alicia Boisnier and Jennifer A. Chatman Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. The Role of Subcultures in Agile Organizations Alicia Boisnier and Jennifer A. Chatman1 Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley May 24, 2002 To appear in, R. Petersen and E. Mannix, Leading and managing people in dynamic organizations. Forthcoming, 2002. 1 The second author wrote this paper while a Marvin Bower Fellow at the Harvard Business School and is grateful for their support. We also thank Elizabeth Mannix, Rita McGrath, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful suggestions. 2 Organizations face increasingly dynamic environments characterized by substantial, and often unpredictable technological, political, and economic change. How can organizations respond rapidly to such changes or become more agile? Organizational agility, according to Lee Dyer, “requires a judicious mix of stability and reconfigurability” (2001: 4). We consider an unlikely source of agility: organizational culture. This may seem like an odd juxtaposition since strong unitary cultures exert a stabilizing force on organizations by encouraging cohesion, organizational commitment, and desirable work behaviors among members (e.g., Deal & Kennedy, 1982; Nemeth & Staw, 1989; O'Reilly & Chatman, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Marshall High School Mr. Cline Sociology Unit Four AB * What Is Culture?
    CULTURE Marshall High School Mr. Cline Sociology Unit Four AB * What is Culture? • Integration and Diversity • Imagine that this is the early twentieth century and you are a teacher in a school in New York. Whom would you see around you? Some Irish kids, some Italians, maybe some Armenians, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, African Americans? How do you reach all of these different languages and cultures to facilitate learning when you do not have the time to teach each one individually in their own way? • There are social forces that would state that assimilation is the way to go about this task. Assimilation is merely the process by which newcomers to America, as well as other “outsiders,” give up their culturally distinct beliefs, values and customs and take on those of the dominant culture. • The opposite viewpoint would acknowledge that there is a tendency to preserve cultural diversity, to keep one’s own personal heritage alive and to respect the rights of others to do so. This is known as multi culturalism. * What is Culture? • Integration and Diversity • The tension between assimilation and multi culturalism is evident in many schools and other public institutions throughout the United States. How much multi culturalism is good for society versus how much we want people to identify and share the common culture of America is an ongoing, and often heated argument. • One result of assimilation is cultural integration, that is the degree to which a culture is a functionally integrated system, so that all the parts fit together well. On another level, the elements of culture are functionally integrated with other facets of society, such as social structure and power relations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culture of Support Services
    The Culture of Support Services After completing this lesson you will be able to: þ Define the terms cultural capital; dominant culture; institutional bias; macro culture; and micro culture. þ Identify key values and views related to the macro culture of the United States. þ Identify key values and views related to the culture of the human services delivery system. þ Describe some differences in definitions and responses to disability based on culture. þ Give an example of cultural bias found in the use of jargon and disability labels. þ Describe ways in which design and delivery of services, including best practices, can conflict with the culture of people receiving supports. © 2004 College of Direct Support Cultural Competence Lesson 3 page 1 of 12 Terms for Understanding the Culture of Services and Supports In the last lesson you learned a lot about the culture in which you were raised. Learning about your culture helped you understand why you have certain views and beliefs. You got to compare your own views with some views from a few other cultures. These comparative activities will help you be more aware of when there are differences between your culture and others. They will help you learn not to make assumptions about others and they will support you to become more culturally competent. Now, take a minute to write your own definitions for these words. þ Macro culture – þ Dominant culture – þ Micro culture – þ Institutional bias – þ Cultural capital – Macro and Micro culture Macro (dominant) culture is the shared cultural perspective of the largest group.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Materialism : Raymond Williams and the Marxist Debate
    CULTURE AND MATERIALISM: RAYMOND WILLIAMS AND THE MARXIST DEBATE by David C. Robinson B.A. (Honours1, Queen's University, 1988 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (COMMUNICATIONS) in the ,Department of Communication @ David C. Robinson 1991 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY July, 1991 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: David Robinson DEGREE: Master of Arts (Communication) TITLE OF THESIS: Culture and Materialism: Raymond Williams and the Marxist Debate EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: Dr. Linda Harasim Dr. Richard S. Gruneau Professor Senior Supervisor Dr. Alison C. M. Beale Assistant Professor Supervisor " - Dr. Jerald Zaslove Associate Professor Department of English Examiner DATE APPROVED: PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Dissertation: Culture and Materialism: Raymond Williams and the Marxist Debate Author : signature David C.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Majority Group Members' Acculturation Attitudes Towards Immigrant Groups
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Fall 2009 Host majority group members' acculturation attitudes towards immigrant groups. Kanako Miwa San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Miwa, Kanako, "Host majority group members' acculturation attitudes towards immigrant groups." (2009). Master's Theses. 4011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.8tas-drff https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4011 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOST MAJORITY GROUP MEMBERS' ACCULTURATION ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANT GROUPS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Psychology San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Kanako Miwa December 2009 UMI Number: 1484369 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Dissertation Publishing UMI 1484369 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Filipino Americans and Polyculturalism in Seattle, Wa
    FILIPINO AMERICANS AND POLYCULTURALISM IN SEATTLE, WA THROUGH HIP HOP AND SPOKEN WORD By STEPHEN ALAN BISCHOFF A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN AMERICAN STUDIES WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of American Studies DECEMBER 2008 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of STEPHEN ALAN BISCHOFF find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. _____________________________________ Chair, Dr. John Streamas _____________________________________ Dr. Rory Ong _____________________________________ Dr. T.V. Reed ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Since I joined the American Studies Graduate Program, there has been a host of faculty that has really helped me to learn what it takes to be in this field. The one professor that has really guided my development has been Dr. John Streamas. By connecting me to different resources and his challenging the confines of higher education so that it can improve, he has been an inspiration to finish this work. It is also important that I mention the help that other faculty members have given me. I appreciate the assistance I received anytime that I needed it from Dr. T.V. Reed and Dr. Rory Ong. A person that has kept me on point with deadlines and requirements has been Jean Wiegand with the American Studies Department. She gave many reminders and explained answers to my questions often more than once. Debbie Brudie and Rose Smetana assisted me as well in times of need in the Comparative Ethnic Studies office. My cohort over the years in the American Studies program have developed my thinking and inspired me with their own insight and work.
    [Show full text]
  • George Gebhardt Ç”Μå½± ĸ²È¡Œ (Ť§Å…¨)
    George Gebhardt 电影 串行 (大全) The Dishonored https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-dishonored-medal-3823055/actors Medal A Rural Elopement https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/a-rural-elopement-925215/actors The Fascinating https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-fascinating-mrs.-francis-3203424/actors Mrs. Francis Mr. Jones at the https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/mr.-jones-at-the-ball-3327168/actors Ball A Woman's Way https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/a-woman%27s-way-3221137/actors For Love of Gold https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/for-love-of-gold-3400439/actors The Sacrifice https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-sacrifice-3522582/actors The Honor of https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-honor-of-thieves-3521294/actors Thieves The Greaser's https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-greaser%27s-gauntlet-3521123/actors Gauntlet The Tavern https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-tavern-keeper%27s-daughter-1756994/actors Keeper's Daughter The Stolen Jewels https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-stolen-jewels-3231041/actors Love Finds a Way https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/love-finds-a-way-3264157/actors An Awful Moment https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/an-awful-moment-2844877/actors The Unknown https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-unknown-3989786/actors The Fatal Hour https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-fatal-hour-961681/actors The Curtain Pole https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-curtain-pole-1983212/actors
    [Show full text]
  • Charlie Chaplin's
    Goodwins, F and James, D and Kamin, D (2017) Charlie Chaplin’s Red Letter Days: At Work with the Comic Genius. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 1442278099 Downloaded from: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/618556/ Version: Submitted Version Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Please cite the published version https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk Charlie Chaplin’s Red Letter Days At Work with the Comic Genius By Fred Goodwins Edited by Dr. David James Annotated by Dan Kamin Table of Contents Introduction: Red Letter Days 1. Charlie’s “Last” Film 2. Charlie has to “Flit” from his Studio 3. Charlie Chaplin Sends His Famous Moustache to the Red Letter 4. Charlie Chaplin’s ‘Lost Sheep’ 5. How Charlie Chaplin Got His £300 a Week Salary 6. A Straw Hat and a Puff of Wind 7. A bombshell that put Charlie Chaplin ‘on his back’ 8. When Charlie Chaplin Cried Like a Kid 9. Excitement Runs High When Charlie Chaplin “Comes Home.” 10. Charlie “On the Job” Again 11. Rehearsing for “The Floor-Walker” 12. Charlie Chaplin Talks of Other Days 13. Celebrating Charlie Chaplin’s Birthday 14. Charlie’s Wireless Message to Edna 15. Charlie Poses for “The Fireman.” 16. Charlie Chaplin’s Love for His Mother 17. Chaplin’s Success in “The Floorwalker” 18. A Chaplin Rehearsal Isn’t All Fun 19. Billy Helps to Entertain the Ladies 20. “Do I Look Worried?” 21. Playing the Part of Half a Cow! 22. “Twelve O’clock”—Charlie’s One-Man Show 23. “Speak Out Your Parts,” Says Charlie 24. Charlie’s Doings Up to Date 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Film Club Sky 328 Newsletter Freesat 306 MAY/JUNE 2020 Virgin 445
    Freeview 81 Film Club Sky 328 newsletter Freesat 306 MAY/JUNE 2020 Virgin 445 Dear Supporters of Film and TV History, Hoping as usual that you are all safe and well in these troubled times. Our cinema doors are still well and truly open, I’m pleased to say, the channel has been transmitting 24 hours a day 7 days a week on air with a number of premières for you all and orders have been posted out to you all every day as normal. It’s looking like a difficult few months ahead with lack of advertising on the channel, as you all know it’s the adverts that help us pay for the channel to be transmitted to you all for free and without them it’s very difficult. But we are confident we can get over the next few months. All we ask is that you keep on spreading the word about the channel in any way you can. Our audiences are strong with 4 million viewers per week , but it’s spreading the word that’s going to help us get over this. Can you believe it Talking Pictures TV is FIVE Years Old later this month?! There’s some very interesting selections in this months newsletter. Firstly, a terrific deal on The Humphrey Jennings Collections – one of Britain’s greatest filmmakers. I know lots of you have enjoyed the shorts from the Imperial War Museum archive that we have brought to Talking Pictures and a selection of these can be found on these DVD collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Narrative Machines, Or, from ‘Bottom to Top’ Early Discourses on the Novel and Film
    10.1515/nor-2017-0302 Narrative Machines, or, from ‘Bottom to Top’ Early Discourses on the Novel and Film JOHN SUNDHOLM There is a certain tendency in the contemporary rience of modernity. The subject of film and cultural historiography of early film studies to construe mo- modernity is an established field of its own within dernity as a model for the textual analysis of spe- the broader film studies context.3 However, such cific, isolated moments in film history. Furthermore, historiography could also be criticised as a sort of film history – and other media histories – is usually “historical blind spot”, founded on an excessively studied and written within the academic boundaries expressive interpretation of history. of different departments. We are given the history The original arguments used in early 20th cen- of media according to media and communications, tury discourse are reproduced in studies by later film studies, art history, literature and so on. Very scholars as expressing a homogeneous tendency – seldom are we offered a perspective founded on an broadly defineable as modernity – thus placing the interdisciplinary or comparative approach. discourse aside from most historical and compara- Therefore, I will both criticise some trends in tive relations with, for example, previous 19th cen- early film historiography and argue in favour of the tury discourse. Such deterministic views on tech- importance – and necessity – of employing a histo- nology – and on film vs. society – often fail to con- rico-dialectical and comparative analysis. I support sider that the object under study and the agent that my argument and discussion by comparing the constitutes the object are both part of the same paradigmatic interpretations of “modernity vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Report to the U. S. Congress for the Year Ending December 31, 2003
    Report to the U.S.Congress for the Year Ending December 31,2003 Created by the U.S. Congress to Preserve America’s Film Heritage Created by the U.S. Congress to Preserve America’s Film Heritage April 30, 2004 Dr. James H. Billington The Librarian of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540-1000 Dear Dr. Billington: In accordance with Public Law 104-285 (Title II), The National Film Preservation Foundation Act of 1996, I submit to the U.S. Congress the 2003 Report of the National Film Preservation Foundation. It gives me great pleasure to review our accomplishments in carrying out this Congressional mandate. Since commencing service to the archival community in 1997, we have helped save 630 historically and culturally significant films from 98 institutions across 34 states and the District of Columbia. We have produced The Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives, Libraries, and Museums, the first such publication designed specifically for regional preservationists, and have pioneered in pre- senting archival films on widely distributed DVDs and on American television. Unseen for decades, motion pictures preserved through our programs are now extensively used in study and exhibition. There is still much to do. This year Congress will consider the reauthorization of our federal grant programs. Increased funding will enable us to expand service to the nation’s archives, libraries, and museums and do more toward saving America’s film heritage for future generations. The film preser- vation community appreciates your efforts to make the case for increased federal investment. We are deeply grateful for your leadership. Space does not permit my acknowledging all those supporting our efforts in 2003, but I would like to single out several organizations that have played an especially significant role: the National Endowment for the Humanities, The Andrew W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin: Interspecies Kin Selection in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
    SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Honors Theses 2015 The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin: Interspecies Kin Selection in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Laura E. Jenkins Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/honors Part of the Animal Law Commons, Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Human Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Jenkins, Laura E., "The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin: Interspecies Kin Selection in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora" (2015). Honors Theses. 74. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/honors/74 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 2015 The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin INTERSPECIES KIN SELECTION IN THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA LAURA E. JENKINS Abstract The unequal distribution of legal protections on endangered species has been attributed to the “charisma” and “cuteness” of protected species. However, the theory of kin selection, which predicts the genetic relationship between organisms is proportional to the amount of cooperation between them, offers an evolutionary explanation for this phenomenon. In this thesis, it was hypothesized if the unequal distribution of legal protections on endangered species is a result of kin selection, then the genetic similarity between a species and Homo sapiens is proportional to the legal protections on that species.
    [Show full text]