The Japanese State, the Ainu and the Vocabulary of Colonialism 「保護」という名の支配ー植民 地主義のボキャブラリー

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Japanese State, the Ainu and the Vocabulary of Colonialism 「保護」という名の支配ー植民 地主義のボキャブラリー Volume 11 | Issue 8 | Number 2 | Article ID 3903 | Feb 25, 2013 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Rule in the Name of Protection: The Japanese State, the Ainu and the Vocabulary of Colonialism 「保護」という名の支配ー植民 地主義のボキャブラリー Komori Yoichi, Helen J.S. Lee, Michele Mason By any measure, Japan’s modern empire was formidable. The only major non-Western colonial power in the twentieth century, Japan at the height of its empire controlled a vast Translation by Michele M. Mason area of Asia and numerous archipelagos in the Pacific Ocean. Its reach extended from Introduction to and Selection from Sakhalin Island north of the Japanese Reading Colonial Japan: Text, Context, and archipelago to the Solomon Islands in the Critique South Pacific and expanded into Manchuria, areas of China, Korea, and much of Southeast Michele M. Mason and Helen J.S. Lee Asia and Micronesia. Over the more than seven decades of Japanese colonial rule (1869-1945), Japan successfully naturalized two colonies (Ainu Moshir/Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Kingdom/Okinawa) into its national territory. The massive extraction of resources and extensive cultural assimilation policies radically impacted the lives of millions of Asians and Pacific Islanders. The political, economic, and cultural ramifications of this era are still felt today. 1 11 | 8 | 2 APJ | JF ideological beliefs. In addition to forming economic and political structures, colonial powers enlist the participation of various institutions, educational processes, and publication networks, which produce “knowledge” that rationalizes the colonial order. By making available and analyzing a wide range of sources that represent “media” during the Japanese colonial period, we engage in a dialogue with scholarship in cultural studies and highlight the powerful role that language and imagination play in producing the material realities of Japanese colonialism. Serving as the mainstay of the theoretical framework of Reading Colonial Japan are the following two premises: that colonial discourse never marshals a totalizing persuasive power and that colonial powers do not exert their authority through a single, cohesive, and consistent ideology. As formidable as is the Reading Colonial Japan aims to further deepen ideological capacity to determine reality, knowledge of Japanese colonialism(s),especially when backed by overwhelming providing both an eclectic selection ofmilitary force and economic privileges, there translated Japanese primary sources and always exist inherent contradictions, competing analytical essays that illuminate theideologies, and intersecting subjectivities. As specificities of Japan’s many and varied colonial the resistance movements in Taiwan and Korea projects. The primary documents, which span a suggest, not everyone was convinced of the variety of genres, serve to highlight the “benevolence” of the Japanese imperial project. centrality of cultural production andThe experiences of a collaborating colonial elite dissemination to colonial endeavors and to in Korea, a Chinese “coolie” in Manchuria, an accentuate the myriad ways colonialismOkinawan police officer, or a Japanese female permeated every facet of life. In the essays, the settler differed greatly as any individual’s place contributors are primarily concerned with within a group, and the empire was determined representation and rhetoric and how these by a number of shifting, and not infrequently intersect with operations of power. They incompatible, factors. In fact, one of the most investigate the workings of imperialistlaborious tasks of colonial authorities was to discourse through close readings of cultural police various levels of slippage that potentially representations in colonial narratives and undermined the order of the empire. imagery, revealing how the Japanese imperial project was understood, imagined, and lived. That said, no colonial project succeeds without The contributing scholars take as a premise substantial support from its citizenry. In fact, that colonialism is not simply a military quest, cultural production by a broad spectrum of legal process, or government-led project. “ordinary” Japanese citizens—for instance, a Rather, it is a complex cultural system, both in housewife in Manchuria, settlers in Korea, the formulation of underpinning ideology and manga artists and fiction writers in mainland the execution of policies backed by those Japan—functioned effectively to reinforce the 2 11 | 8 | 2 APJ | JF official political, economic, and cultural policies Protection Law (Hokkaido kyudojin hogo ho, that controlled and violated the lives of the 1899). Komori is a prolific and dynamic scholar colonized throughout Japan’s empire. Whether of literature, who frequently ventures far individual Japanese actively promoted the beyond the normal confines of the field. He is imperial project or quietly acquiesced to its sometimes considered an institutional and demands, they were, to varying degrees, intellectual outsider, due to having received his complicit with imperial ideology. Although a Ph.D. from Hokkaido University, his sharp young man volunteering for the army might criticism of political, economic, and social have been a conspicuous expression of loyalty injustice, and his on-going activism against to the imperial state, the works featured in changing Article 9 of the Japanese constitution. Reading Colonial Japan show that no one was While Komori is famous for his trenchant precluded from participating in the promotion readings of canonical writers, such as Higuchi and maintenance of the colonial campaign. Ichiyo, Natsume Soseki, and Miyazawa Kenji, Women, for instance, published “memoirs” that he is also firmly grounded in a school of literary mobilized colonial rhetoric and their promotion studies that is committed to providing historical of state policies in locally published cookbooks contextualization and understanding the power served imperial causes in significant ways well of language to determine and shape history. beyond the restricted domestic sphere of the home. Likewise, children’s manga, such as the Komori’s essay, entitled “Rule in the Name of Adventures of Dankichi, reveal both unsettling ‘Protection’: The Vocabulary of Colonialism” manifestations of racialized colonial(“Hogo” toiu na no shihai: shokuminchishugi no justifications and the unapologetic recruitment bokyaburarii, 1997) illuminates the juridical of Japanese children’s imaginary world and implementation of the Japanese state’s minds. In fact, every mode of expression was expansionist aspirations in Hokkaido through a mobilized to further the colonial agenda. If laws close analysis of the vocabulary and tone in the such as the “Hokkaido Former NativesHokkaido Former Natives Protection Law. This Protection Law” dramatically impinged on and regulation was ostensibly drafted to stabilize restricted the lives of the colonized, a variety of the lives of Ainu, who had lost their means of fictional works justified unequal powerlivelihood because of incursions into their relations between Japan and its many colonial homelands by Japanese colonizers. The law entities. Be it depictions of the naturescape in endorsed individual land grants and the Hokkaido that erased the existence of the adoption of Japanese agricultural practices as island’s indigenous population, or thethe best means to rescue Ainu from poverty. “retelling” of a violent legend of Taiwanese For those Ainu who complied there were also “barbarians,” literary depictions of the Other provisions for medical treatment and education joined forces with official arguments to shore for children. It might be better understood, up a colonial world order. Many Japanese however, as a program of forced assimilation, citizens from all walks of life consumed, which worked in tandem with other laws to accepted, and reiterated the implicit and undermine the ability of Ainu communities to explicit messages of such texts, therebysupport themselves in traditional ways and to participating in the imperial project in the most suppress their language, history, and cultural mundane, yet indispensible, ways. practices. Below we showcase a translated essay by This work by Komori is significant as an early, Komori Yoichi, professor of Japanese literature and still rare, example of scholarship that at the University of Tokyo, which is paired with clearly recognizes Hokkaido as a modern a translation of the Hokkaido Former Natives Japanese colony. His liberal use of scare quotes 3 11 | 8 | 2 APJ | JF in the original chapter functions to disrupt Japanese and Koreans in the colonial context. conventional meanings, emphasize the power Her publications include “Voices of the of naming, and highlight how words determine “Colonists,” Voices of the “Immigrants”: and obfuscate reality and history. In order to “Korea” in Japan’s Early Colonial Travel improve readability, we have eliminated some Narratives and Guides, 1894-1914” (Japanese of the scare quotes in the translation after a Language and Literature, 2007), “Writing term has been sufficiently established as Colonial Relations of Everyday Life in Senryu” deserving critical analysis. (positions: east asia cultures critique, 2008), and “Dying as Daughter of the Empire” This introduction and text are adapted from: (positions: east asia cultures critique, forthcoming). READING COLONIAL JAPAN: TEXT, CONTEXT, AND CRITIQUE edited by Michele Mason and Helen Lee Rule in the Name of “Protection”: The Copyright (c)2012 by the Board of Trustees of Vocabulary of Colonialism1
Recommended publications
  • Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
    Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography.
    [Show full text]
  • Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the Fashioning of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Fall 1-7-2020 Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the Fashioning of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities Jeffrey Braytenbah Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Braytenbah, Jeffrey, "Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the ashioningF of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities" (2020). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5356. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7229 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the Fashioning of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities by Jeff Braytenbah A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: Kenneth J. Ruoff, Chair Laura Robson Jennifer Tappan Portland State University 2019 © 2019 Jeff Braytenbah Abstract Japan’s colonial activities on the island of Hokkaido were instrumental to the creation of modern Japanese national identity. Within this construction, the indigenous Ainu people came to be seen in dialectical opposition to the 'modern' and 'civilized' identity that Japanese colonial actors fashioned for themselves. This process was articulated through travel literature, ethnographic portraiture, and discourse in scientific racism which racialized perceived divisions between the Ainu and Japanese and contributed to the unmaking of the Ainu homeland: Ainu Mosir.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of British Seismology
    Bull Earthquake Eng (2013) 11:715–861 DOI 10.1007/s10518-013-9444-5 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER A history of British seismology R. M. W. Musson Received: 14 March 2013 / Accepted: 21 March 2013 / Published online: 9 May 2013 © The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The work of John Milne, the centenary of whose death is marked in 2013, has had a large impact in the development in global seismology. On his return from Japan to England in 1895, he established for the first time a global earthquake recording network, centred on his observatory at Shide, Isle of Wight. His composite bulletins, the “Shide Circulars” developed, in the twentieth century, into the world earthquake bulletins of the International Seismolog- ical Summary and eventually the International Seismological Centre, which continues to publish the definitive earthquake parameters of world earthquakes on a monthly basis. In fact, seismology has a long tradition in Britain, stretching back to early investigations by members of the Royal Society after 1660. Investigations in Scotland in the early 1840s led to a number of firsts, including the first network of instruments, the first seismic bulletin, and indeed, the first use of the word “seismometer”, from which words like “seismology” are a back-formation. This paper will present a chronological survey of the development of seismology in the British Isles, from the first written observations of local earthquakes in the seventh century, and the first theoretical writing on earthquakes in the twelfth century, up to the monitoring of earthquakes in Britain in the present day.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – from the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period
    | 200 Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – From the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period Section 1 – The encroachment of the Western powers in Asia Topic 47 – Industrial and people's revolutions | 201 What events led to the birth of Europe's modern nations? People's revolutions The one hundred years between the late-seventeenth and late-eighteenth centuries saw the transformation of Europe's political landscape. In Great Britain, the king and the parliament had long squabbled over political and religious issues. When conflict over religious policies intensified in 1688, parliament invited a new king from the Netherlands to take the throne. The new king took power without bloodshed and sent the old king into exile. This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, consolidated the parliamentary system and turned Britain into a constitutional monarchy.1 *1=In a constitutional monarchy, the powers of the monarch are limited by the constitution and representatives chosen by the citizens run the country's government. Great Britain's American colonies increasingly resisted the political repression and heavy taxation imposed by their king, and finally launched an armed rebellion to achieve independence. The rebels released the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and later enacted the Constitution of the United States, establishing a new nation with a political system based on a separation of powers.2 *2=Under a separation of powers, the powers of the government are split into three independent branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. In 1789, an angry mob of Parisian citizens, who groaned under oppressively heavy taxes, stormed the Bastille Prison, an incident that sparked numerous rural and urban revolts throughout France against the king and the aristocracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 DISCOVERY of PASTS
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Chapter 1 DISCOVERY OF PASTS Morse in Japan remains what he has been all his life—a man locked in a silent struggle with time, one whose days are filled with a pursuit of practical truths that can be shared with a world hungry to understand itself. —Robert A. Rosenstone (1998) We are quite familiar with the Meiji period as one of considerable transfor- mation of all aspects of life on the archipelago. But its characterization as a move from old to new—as simply exiting from its self-incurred immaturity—ob- scures the historicity of modernity, that process described above by Rosenstone: a “pursuit of practical truths” for a “world hungry to understand itself.” Several steps are necessary to begin that process: first, the idea of immaturity suggests that one’s present society is incomplete and living in the past. In other words, there is a recognition of a progressive time and a separation of pasts from pres- ent. Second, one must recognize that the world of inadequacy is man-made, not because of a degeneration from some originary ideal, but because of the artifi- cial constructions posed by such primitive ideas and institutions. And third, any attempt to explain this level is dependent upon a different configuration of the whole, a “struggle with time.” Now, inherited ideas and men that were the sub- ject of chronicles became the past, which reflected recognition that the aristo- cratic system is not natural or endowed but anachronistic.
    [Show full text]
  • John Milne: the Man Who Mapped the Shaking Earth Author: Paul Kabrna Published by the Craven and Pendle Geological Society
    John Milne: the man who mapped the shaking earth Author: Paul Kabrna Published by the Craven and Pendle Geological Society. 21sf March 2007 ISBN 978-0-9555289-0-3. 136 pp. £6.50. Copies available direct from the author: Tel: 01282 813772 or email:[email protected]. UK post and packing is £1.50 when purchased directly from the author. The name of John Milne (1850-1913) is today remembered by only a few and yet he was one of the pioneering giants of late 19th and early 20th century geology and geophysics. He was dubbed the "father of seismology" shortly after his death and was widely regarded in his lifetime for his work on both volcanoes and earthquakes. Biographies of Milne have not been in print for many years and this new book fills this important gap. John Milne made his name and reputation in Japan where he is better remembered than in his home country. He was appointed as Professor of Geology and Mining at the newly formed Imperial College of Engineering in Tokyo in 1875 when still only 25, whereupon he began an epic overland journey described in fascinating detail by Kabrna. Once in Japan he was ideally placed to initiate study of such geological phenomena as volcanoes and earthquakes and it was his development of an effective instrument, the seismograph, which allowed him to make substantial contributions to our understanding of earthquakes. Not least of these was the realization that major earthquakes are not related to volcanic activity. Using his seismographs, which he continued to develop and improve throughout his life, Milne measured thousands of Japanese earthquakes and on his return to England and retirement on the Isle of Wight he carried on this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Scientists and Engineers Encounter Late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan
    This is a repository copy of Technology transfer and cultural exchange: Western scientists and engineers encounter late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3229/ Article: Gooday, G. and Low, M. (1998) Technology transfer and cultural exchange: Western scientists and engineers encounter late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. Osiris, 13. pp. 99-128. ISSN 0369 - 7827 Reuse See Attached Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ promoting access to White Rose research papers Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3229/ Published paper Gooday, G. and Low, M. (1998) Technology transfer and cultural exchange: Western scientists and engineers encounter late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan, Osiris, Volume 13, 99 - 128. White Rose Research Online [email protected] Technology Transfer and Cultural Exchange Western Scientists and Engineers Encounter Late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan By Graeme J. N. Gooday* and Morris E Low** URING THE LAST DECADE of the nineteenth century, the Engineer was D only one of many British and American publications that took an avid interest in the rapid rise of Japan to the status of a fully industrialized imperial power on a par
    [Show full text]
  • Settling Sapporo: City and State in the Global Nineteenth Century
    Settling Sapporo: City and State in the Global Nineteenth Century The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40050160 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ! Settling Sapporo: City and State in the Global Nineteenth Century A dissertation presented by Michael Alan Thornton to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2018 ! © 2018 Michael Alan Thornton All rights reserved. ""! ! Dissertation Advisor: Professor Andrew Gordon Michael Alan Thornton Settling Sapporo: City and State in the Global Nineteenth Century Abstract In this thesis, I investigate the role of citybuilding in the colonization of Japan’s northernmost island, Hokkaido, during the nineteenth century. Using archival sources from the United States and Japan, I explore five spatial strategies deployed by the Japanese state to assert its control over the region: planning for a new capital; mapping the city; encouraging and controlling migration to the city; administering the city; and modeling new forms of agricultural practice in the city for use throughout the wider colony. I consider the debates and contests that characterized all these strategies, and illustrate their importance in turning Sapporo from a riverside outpost of two houses into the indisputed capital of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthquake Milne’ the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Death of Professor John Milne ‘The Father of Modern Seismology’ Will Be Commemorated on the 31St July 2013
    Celebrating the life and work of the Seismologist Professor John Milne 1850 – 1913 Index and Site Map Click required subject area Current Events John Milne’s Life and Work Anniversary Legacy A short Chronology Memorials to John Milne More of the John Milne Story Associated Places and Buildings Publications devoted to John Milne Milne in Museums and Archives Publications by John Milne Institutions and Professional Bodies Some other Websites ‘Earthquake Milne’ The one hundredth anniversary of the death of Professor John Milne ‘The Father of Modern Seismology’ will be commemorated on the 31st July 2013. The purpose of this web page is to bring together events and material held not only on the Isle of Wight but elsewhere around the world to celebrate the achievements of a man who can only be described as one of the world’s most outstanding Victorian / Edwardian polymaths. Contact the compiler of these John Milne pages via the Isle of Wight Society Additional information on John Milne such as the location of archive material and the like is welcome Return to the Isle of Wight Society home page John Milne Events Return to index Permanent exhibition Carisbrooke Castle Museum www.carisbrookecastlemuseum,org.uk The film ‘The man who measured the shaking earth’ can be seen in the Milne-Twycross Room at the Museum Please let the compiler know of any forthcoming events so that they may be displayed in this section See the following pages for the John Milne Trail and other Isle of Wight memorials Return to index John Milne Anniversary Legacy Return to index Explanatory Board at Shide To mark the hundred anniversary of the death of Professor John Milne the Newport parish Council provided an explanatory board situated on the river bank just along the old rail track from the bridge at Shide.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dawn of Structural Earthquake Engineeirng in Japan
    th The 14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China THE DAWN OF STRUCTURAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEEIRNG IN JAPAN Shunsuke Otani1 1 Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT : No western scientific and technological information was made available in Japan when the Tokugawa shogun government closed the country from 1639 to 1854. The Meiji Emperor’s regime, after the 1968 restoration, made efforts to strengthen military power and to develop industry through promotion of science and technology. The Meiji government invited “young” western and U. S. engineers and researchers to train native students from 1873. Engineering faculty was included in the Imperial University in 1886, and visiting western professors were gradually replaced by Japanese. A huge intra-plate Nohbi Earthquake (M 7.9) hit Nagoya areas in 1891, and Earthquake Investigation Committee was set up in 1892 to promote the study on seismology and earthquake engineering. The 1923 Kanto Earthquake caused significant damage in Tokyo and Yokohama. Seismic design of buildings was introduced in the Urban Building Law in 1924, requiring design seismic forces equal to 10 percent of the floor weight. Seismological Society of Japan, College of Engineering, invited foreign teachers, KEYWORDS: seismic coefficient, seismic coefficient 1. INTRODUCTION The Tokugawa shogun government, Japan, closed the country in 1639 to prohibit the propagation of Christianity in the country. The foreign trade was allowed only at a small man-made island in Nagasaki, Kyushu, with Netherlands, China and Korea. During the isolation period, Japan could enjoy the development of its own culture, such as Kimonos, tea ceremonies, flower arrangements, Kabuki and Noh plays, and Ukiyo-e paintings, but was placed out of reach from western scientific, medical, technical and military developments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalogue of Archive Material Associated with John Milne
    British Geological Survey A Catalogue of Archive Material Associated with John Milne British Geological Survey Murchison House West Mains Road Tel: 0131-667-1000 Edinburgh EH9 3LA Fax: 0131-667-1877 Scotland Internet: http://www.gsrg.nmh.ac.uk/ FRONT COVER DESCRIPTION Photo of John Milne taken from a glass negative in the ATJ Dollar collection, held in the NSA BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Global Seismology & Geomagnetism Group TECHNICAL REPORT WL/99/14 A CATALOGUE OF ARCHIVE MATERIAL ASSOCIATED WITH JOHN MILNE, F.R.S. J.H. Lovell March 1999 Copyright is reserved for the contents of this report, no part of which may be reproduced without permission from the Director of the British Geological Survey. Global Seismology & Geomagnetism Group British Geological Survey Murchison House West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3LA Scotland, UK Tel: 0131-667-1000 Fax: 0131-667-1877 Internet: http://www.gsrg.nmh.ac.uk/ © NERC 1999 CONTENTS Abstract.........................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................1 2. Locations of Milne archive material.......................................................................1 2.1 Carisbrooke Castle Museum..............................................................................2 2.2 Isle of Wight County Record Office..................................................................2 2.3 Lord Louis Library.............................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • International Aspects of the History of Earthquake Engineering
    International Aspects Of the History of Earthquake Engineering Part I February 12, 2008 Draft Robert Reitherman Executive Director Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering This draft contains Part I: Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Japan The planned contents of Part II are chapters 3 through 6 on China, India, Italy, and Turkey. Oakland, California 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................i Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................1 “Earthquake Engineering”.......................................................................................................1 “International” ........................................................................................................................3 Why Study the History of Earthquake Engineering?................................................................4 Earthquake Engineering History is Fascinating .......................................................................5 A Reminder of the Value of Thinking .....................................................................................6 Engineering Can Be Narrow, History is Broad ........................................................................6 Respect: Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due ..........................................................................7 The Importance
    [Show full text]