Faces & Places

CERN Courier December 2017 CERN Courier December 2017 Aace a el acceleas Faces & Places improved bunch quality at higher energy, with the staging of two accelerating structures and ﬁ rst proposals of conceptual ALC designs. The third phase, also lasting ﬁ ve years, will focus on the reliability of the acceleration process, while the fourth phase will A ppointments be dedicated to technical design reports for an ALC by 2035, following selection of the most promising options. KEK and Fermilab directors reappointed

ommunit eort KEK/FNAL The leaders of two of the world’s foremost Many very important challenges remain, such as improving the high-energy physics laboratories have been quality, stability and effi ciency of the accelerated beams with ANAs, reappointed for second terms. Director but no show-stopper has been identifi ed to date. However, the pro- general of the KEK laboratory in Japan, posed time frame is achievable only if there is an intensive and co- Masanori Yamauchi, has been granted a ordinated R&D effort supported by suffi cient funding for ANA second three-year term lasting until 2021, technology with particle-physics applications. The preparation of while, independently, director of Fermilab in the US, Nigel Lockyer, has been appointed an eventual technical design report for an ALC at the energy frontier for a second five-year term. should therefore be under taken by the ANA community with signifi - Since April 2015, Yamauchi has overseen cant contributions from the whole accelerator community. KEK’s accelerator upgrades for various From the current state of wakefi eld acceleration in plasmas and facilities including the transformation of dielectrics, it is clear that advanced concepts offer several prom- KEKB into SuperKEKB (CERN Courier ising options for energy frontier electronpositron and electron September 2016 p32). Neutrinos have proton colliders. In view of the signifi cant cost of intense R&D for been another focus of his directorship, in particular improving the precision of an ALC, an international programme, with some level of interna- neutrino-mixing measurements at the tional co-ordination, is more suitable than a regional approach. T2K experiment and supporting the next Masanori Yamauchi (left) and Nigel Lockyer remain in post. Following the April ANAR workshop, a study group towards generation of long-baseline neutrino advanced linear colliders, named ALEGRO for Advanced LinEar experiments. The search committee cited of Fermilab since 2013, before which Dakota for the international DUNE project. collider study GROup, has been set up to co-ordinate the prepa- Yamauchi’s “high international scientific he was director of Canada’s TRIUMF During his first term, Lockyer helped to ration of a proposal for an ALC in the multi-TeV energy range. rating, his ability to co-ordinate relationships laboratory. His second term, which begins position the US as a world leader in neutrino ALEGRO consists of scientists with expertise in advanced accel- both inside and outside KEK, and his vision on 3 September 2018, comes as Fermilab research, in addition to Fermilab’s strong for meeting KEK’s medium-term goals” begins building its flagship Long-Baseline role in the Large Hadron Collider and the erator concepts or accelerator physics and technology, drawn from among the reasons for the appointment. Neutrino Facility (LBNF), which will send CMS experiment at CERN, and continuing national institutions or universities in Asia, Europe and the US. Nigel Lockyer has been at the helm neutrinos underground from Illinois to South particle-astrophysics programme. The group will organise a series of workshops on relevant topics to engage the scientifi c community. Its fi rst objective is to prepare and A w A r d s deliver, by the end of 2018, a document detailing the international roadmap and strategy of ANAs with clear priorities as input for APS announces 2018 prizes and awards BIG SCIENCE the European Strategy Group. Another objective for ALEGRO is BUSINESS FORUM to provide a framework to amplify international co-ordination on The American Physical Society (APS) this topic at the scientifi c level and to foster worldwide collabora- has announced the winners of its spring tion towards an ALC, and possibly broaden the community. After 2018 prizes and awards, several of which 26-28 FEBRUARY 2018 all, ANA technology represents the next-generation of colliders recognise contributions to high-energy COPENHAGEN, DENMARK and could potentially defi ne par ticle physics into the 22nd century. particle and nuclear physics. The W K H Panofsky Prize in EUROPE’S NEW ONE-STOP-SHOP ON sum Experimental Particle Physics went to Lawrence Sulak of Boston University “for THE BIG SCIENCE MARKET Ouvrir la voie pour les acclrateurs du futur novel contributions to detection techniques, including pioneering developments for Read more and register now at www.bsbf2018.org Des acclrateurs innovants, utilisant des techniues massive water Cherenkov detectors that Stay updated on @bsbf2018 and /BSBF2018 dacclration par plasma et capales de fonctionner avec un led to major advances in nucleon decay gradient dacclration suprieur m, pourraient atteindre and neutrino oscillation physics”. Sulak des nergies de lordre de Te, de faon plus compacte et helped design and build the first massive effi cace que ceux basés sur les conceptions conventionnelles. Les liquid-scintillator calorimeter and large-area drift chambers, and also the défi s technologiques sont énormes et l’échelle de temps pour y forward calorimeter for the CMS detector parvenir longue, et la communaut internationale travaillant sur at the LHC. Also in the experimental les acclrateurs est encourage collaorer au dveloppement de arena, the Henry Primakoff Award for (Left to right) Lawrence Sulak, Eric Dahl, Keith Olive, Michael Dine, Ann Nelson, collisionneurs linaires lectronpositon ou lectronproton la Early-Career Particle Physics was granted Alexander Wu Chao, Bradley Sherrill, Edward Shuryak, who received key awards in frontière des énergies accessibles. to Eric Dahl of Northwestern University particle and nuclear physics. The annual American Physical Society (APS) awards take

and Fermilab, citing his fundamental s into account “scores of outstanding nominees across the spectrum of physics disciplines”, contributions to the development of recognising the most accomplished, promising and respected scientists and leaders. Photo credit: LNM / Engage riitte ros N a Patric uli PP/EN

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CCDec17_ALC.indd 34 01/11/2017 15:21 CCDec17_Faces&Places.indd 35 01/11/2017 15:23 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 7 N u m b e r 1 0 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 7 CERN Courier December 2017 CERN Courier December 2017 Faces & Places Faces & Places S Bennett/CERN new techniques for the direct detection of physics is shared between Michael Dine construction at MSU. The Herman Feshbach dark matter, including the use of bubble of the University of California in Santa Prize in Theoretical Nuclear Physics, chambers and xenon time projection Cruz and Ann Nelson of the University meanwhile, went to Edward Shuryak of Diamond anniversary chambers. of Washington. The citation noted the Stony Brook University “for his pioneering The Robert R Wilson Prize for pair’s groundbreaking explorations of contributions to the understanding of Achievement in the Physics of Particle physics beyond the Standard Model, strongly interacting matter under extreme Accelerators goes to Alexander Wu Chao of including their seminal joint work on conditions, and for establishing the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory “for dynamical supersymmetry breaking, foundations of the theory of quark–gluon insightful, fundamental and broad-ranging and for their innovative contributions to plasma and its hydrodynamical behaviour”. contributions to accelerator physics, a broad range of topics – including new A further 30 prizes and awards were Diamond Light Source including polarisation, beam–beam effects, models of electroweak symmetry breaking, announced by the APS, including the Dannie non-linear dynamics, and collective baryogenesis and solutions to the strong Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics instabilities, for tireless community charge-parity problem. awarded to Barry Simon of Caltech and leadership and for inspiring and educating In the nuclear-physics area, Bradley IBM “for his fundamental contributions On 10–11 October, the Germany generations of accelerator physicists”. Sherrill of the National Superconducting to the mathematical physics of quantum Federal Ministry of Education and Theorist Keith Olive of the University of Cyclotron Laboratory, located on the campus mechanics, quantum field theory, and Research (BMBF) together with CERN Minnesota has won the Hans A Bethe Prize of Michigan State University (MSU), statistical mechanics, including spectral held the 13th edition of the popular “for outstanding contributions across a won the Tom W Bonner Prize in Nuclear theory, phase transitions, and geometric industry event Germany at CERN. broad spectrum of fields including nuclear Physics for his scientific leadership in the phases, and his many books and monographs During the two days, 37 German physics, particle physics, theoretical and development and utilisation of instruments that have deeply influenced generations of companies showcased their latest observational astrophysics, and cosmology, and techniques for discovery and exploration researchers”. With a few exceptions, APS products and services for scientists, especially Big Bang nucleosynthesis of exotic nuclei. The citation also recognised prizes and awards are open to all members Inaugurating Diamond Light Source 10 years ago (from left): The Queen, former Diamond engineers, technicians and buyers at and the properties of dark matter”. The his role in advancing the Facility for Rare of the scientific community in the US CEO Gerd Materlik, the Duke of Edinburgh, and former Diamond chairman David Cooksey. CERN. The annual meeting, like similar J J Sakurai Prize for theoretical particle Isotope Beams, which is currently under and abroad. events with other Member States, allows On 19 October, the UK’s third-generation year, in addition to around 60,000 visitors firms to make connections and establish synchrotron X-ray facility, Diamond Light ranging from undergraduates to members of leads for future contracts. Pictured on Wang, Kim and Nishikawa awarded Pontecorvo Prize Source, marked 10 years since its official the public. “With these achievements in mind, the left are CERN Director-General opening. For the past decade, Diamond’s all I can say is that I am humbled and proud Fabiola Gianotti and Karl Eugen

JINR scientific output has exceeded expectations, to be at the head of such a great project, made Huthmacher, director-general of The 2017 Bruno Pontecorvo Prize, awarded with 6000 peer-reviewed journal articles possible by the dedication of our current and BMBF’s Provision for the Future – by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research based on user experiments across a range of former staff, contractors and user community Basic and Sustainability Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, has been awarded to disciplines published so far. Academic and from academia and industry,” said Diamond department, speaking with an exhibitor. Yifang Wang of the Institute of High Energy industrial user visits now exceed 9000 per CEO Andrew Harrison. Physics in Beijing, Soo-Bong Kim of Seoul National University in Korea and Koichiro M e e t i n g s Nishikawa of the KEK laboratory in Japan. The prize recognises the trio’s outstanding Crete workshop takes stock of hadron therapy contributions to the study of neutrino-

oscillation phenomena and in particular to G Feofilov the measurement of the θ13 mixing angle in Understanding the fundamental laws of the Daya Bay, RENO and T2K experiments. nature is the dream of physicists and the The Pontecorvo Prize was established in 1995 mandate of research institutions such as to commemorate Bruno Pontecorvo, once CERN. Many of us, however, are often assistant of Enrico Fermi and often called the The prize ceremony at JINR on 19 September with (left to right) Koichiro Nishikawa, faced with the question: “Why is this father of neutrino physics. Soo-Bong-Kim, Yifang Wang and JINR director Viktor Matveev. useful?” Motivated by the need to enhance awareness of the benefits of fundamental A nniversAries research to society and to facilitate future CERN After the shutdown of the synchrocyclotron progress, a workshop and public event ISOLDE marks in 1990, a new ISOLDE experimental titled Ions for Cancer Therapy, Space hall was connected to the PS Booster. Research and Material Science took place 50 years of physics Since 1992, more than 1000 different on 28–30 August in Chania, Crete. exotic beams have been produced and Participants received a comprehensive with exotic nuclei accelerated for the more than 500 users overview of the current status of particle that now come to ISOLDE each year therapy for cancer. The number of working Around 50 people took part in the Crete meeting on hadron therapy. On 16 October, researchers working on the to perform experiments in the fields of clinical facilities, mainly using protons, is ISOLDE Radioactive Ion Beam facility nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, rising rapidly. Nearly all new clinics use active Therapy Center (HIT) in Germany and the basic research, as was illustrated from the at CERN celebrated 50 years since it fundamental interactions and materials beam scanning to provide more conformal Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland perspectives of CERN and the GSI centre in received its first beam of radioactive exotic research, and recently also for biochemistry doses and also the possibility to modulate – summarised their clinical and research Germany as early drivers of the technology. isotopes. ISOLDE initially took protons and medical-applications research. fields for enhanced sparing of critical healthy activities. All centres are engaged in clinical GSI pioneered carbon therapy in Europe in from the oldest CERN accelerator, the tissue. Experts from several of the leading trials to provide evidence on the efficacy for the 1990s with a pilot study that eventually synchrocyclotron, and these first ISOLDE The first test of the unique ISOLDE European centres – including the National different tumour entities. included 440 patients. Subsequently, a

experiments focused on studying the installation at the 600 MeV Centre of Oncological Hadron therapy The history of particle therapy is a number of clinical centres were opened, the s fundamental properties of exotic nuclei. synchrocyclotron in October 1967. (CNAO) in Italy, the Heidelberg Ion-Beam prime example of society benefiting from HIT in Heidelberg being the first. CERN

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CCDec17_Faces&Places.indd 36 01/11/2017 15:23 CCDec17_Faces&Places.indd 37 01/11/2017 15:23 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 7 N u m b e r 1 0 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 7 CERN Courier December 2017 CERN Courier December 2017 Faces & Places Faces & Places S Bennett/CERN new techniques for the direct detection of physics is shared between Michael Dine construction at MSU. The Herman Feshbach dark matter, including the use of bubble of the University of California in Santa Prize in Theoretical Nuclear Physics, chambers and xenon time projection Cruz and Ann Nelson of the University meanwhile, went to Edward Shuryak of Diamond anniversary chambers. of Washington. The citation noted the Stony Brook University “for his pioneering The Robert R Wilson Prize for pair’s groundbreaking explorations of contributions to the understanding of Achievement in the Physics of Particle physics beyond the Standard Model, strongly interacting matter under extreme Accelerators goes to Alexander Wu Chao of including their seminal joint work on conditions, and for establishing the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory “for dynamical supersymmetry breaking, foundations of the theory of quark–gluon insightful, fundamental and broad-ranging and for their innovative contributions to plasma and its hydrodynamical behaviour”. contributions to accelerator physics, a broad range of topics – including new A further 30 prizes and awards were Diamond Light Source including polarisation, beam–beam effects, models of electroweak symmetry breaking, announced by the APS, including the Dannie non-linear dynamics, and collective baryogenesis and solutions to the strong Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics instabilities, for tireless community charge-parity problem. awarded to Barry Simon of Caltech and leadership and for inspiring and educating In the nuclear-physics area, Bradley IBM “for his fundamental contributions On 10–11 October, the Germany generations of accelerator physicists”. Sherrill of the National Superconducting to the mathematical physics of quantum Federal Ministry of Education and Theorist Keith Olive of the University of Cyclotron Laboratory, located on the campus mechanics, quantum field theory, and Research (BMBF) together with CERN Minnesota has won the Hans A Bethe Prize of Michigan State University (MSU), statistical mechanics, including spectral held the 13th edition of the popular “for outstanding contributions across a won the Tom W Bonner Prize in Nuclear theory, phase transitions, and geometric industry event Germany at CERN. broad spectrum of fields including nuclear Physics for his scientific leadership in the phases, and his many books and monographs During the two days, 37 German physics, particle physics, theoretical and development and utilisation of instruments that have deeply influenced generations of companies showcased their latest observational astrophysics, and cosmology, and techniques for discovery and exploration researchers”. With a few exceptions, APS products and services for scientists, especially Big Bang nucleosynthesis of exotic nuclei. The citation also recognised prizes and awards are open to all members Inaugurating Diamond Light Source 10 years ago (from left): The Queen, former Diamond engineers, technicians and buyers at and the properties of dark matter”. The his role in advancing the Facility for Rare of the scientific community in the US CEO Gerd Materlik, the Duke of Edinburgh, and former Diamond chairman David Cooksey. CERN. The annual meeting, like similar J J Sakurai Prize for theoretical particle Isotope Beams, which is currently under and abroad. events with other Member States, allows On 19 October, the UK’s third-generation year, in addition to around 60,000 visitors firms to make connections and establish synchrotron X-ray facility, Diamond Light ranging from undergraduates to members of leads for future contracts. Pictured on Wang, Kim and Nishikawa awarded Pontecorvo Prize Source, marked 10 years since its official the public. “With these achievements in mind, the left are CERN Director-General opening. For the past decade, Diamond’s all I can say is that I am humbled and proud Fabiola Gianotti and Karl Eugen

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provided valuable input with its Proton-Ion detail, showing ways to assess and safely be performed online during therapy to assess Miara-Mandroso Gasy Association Medical Machine Study (PIMMS), which deliver doses to lung cancer as already both the location of the target and to estimate Madagascar was later realised in the clinical centres of performed, for example, at NIRS in Japan. range from projection images. CNAO and also MedAustron in Austria. Several methods were presented to use Proposals for future projects in Europe, Major issues remaining in scanned particle beams for imaging. This would Russia and the US were also presented, physics in focus particle therapy are range uncertainty, i.e. enable clinicians to directly image tissue underlining the need for diagnostic the knowledge of the exact position of Bragg stopping power instead of converting X-ray methods together with therapy, followed peaks within the patient, and the treatment attenuation from computed tomography by discussions about related applications The 9th High-Energy Physics Madagascar of moving targets such as in the thorax or (CT) scans, which is one of the major sources for space research and dosimetry. Specific International Conference (HEPMAD17) was abdomen. Both topics were addressed in of uncertainty. Particle imaging could also developments of detectors routinely used held on 21–26 September at the Malagasy for physics research were also presented, National Academy in Madagascar, involving highlighting projects such as Medipix around 50 participants including 10 invited and Timepix based on silicon-detector speakers from abroad. The HEPMAD technologies (CERN Courier October 2017 conference series is unique in sub-Saharan PT2026 NMR Precision Teslameter p17). The workshop was complemented Africa and Indian Ocean countries, and the Participants at the 9th HEPMAD event. by presentations of research activities at event alternates with the QCD-Montpellier the nearby Technical University of Crete series (CERN Courier November 2017 searches for new physics by ATLAS and These presentations were accompanied by Reach new heights (TUC) related to “science for health” and p39). It is part of a programme to promote CMS and the production of heavy quarks by talks from national researchers covering details on medical applications and transfer high-energy physics in Madagascar, where the ALICE. From the theory side, iHEPMAD climatology, technology for sustainable of knowledge via companies resulting from iHEPMAD research institute was founded in members presented recent results on the energies and radioprotection. The in magnetic eld its research projects. In addition, with the 2002 offering masters and PhD courses, and is estimate of heavy molecules and four-quark conference was also an opportunity for goal of bringing local universities into closer complemented by popular seminars delivered states using the QCD spectral sum-rule foreign participants to discover the natural measurement contact with international organisations at different Madagascan high-schools. approach, with preliminary results on the richness and traditions, as well as the social planning new facilities, a special session was This year, results from experiments at the extraction of QCD parameters such as poverty, of Madagascar. HEPMAD18 will The Metrolab PT2026 sets a new hosted at TUC. LHC were the focus of experimental talks, the coupling constant and running quark be held in Antananarivo from 20 to 26 covering tests of the Standard Model and masses from the masses of the ηc,b mesons. September 2018. standard for precision magnetometers. Strong co-operation Leveraging 30 years of expertise building On the final day of the Crete meeting, the world’s gold standard magnetometers, a specific session was dedicated to Precision electroweak discussions in Orsay

developments of accelerators for medical and Fayard L it takes magnetic eld measurement to industry purposes. These included a report A special electroweak workshop took place new heights: measuring higher elds with from the TERA foundation and the start-up in Orsay on 2–6 October with the help better resolution. firm ADAM SA in the UK, making the case of the Paris-Saclay University and in for a multi-ion research facility in parallel co-ordination with the LHC Physics Centre with new compact single-ion accelerator (LPCC) at CERN. The PT2026 offers unprecedented exibility designs for treatment. With the LHC entering a new phase in the choice of parameters, interfacing The benefits of strong co-operation and of precision physics studies, about 30 the best use of expertise and resources were participants (theorists and experimentalists) and probe placement, as well as greatly repeatedly highlighted during presentations were involved in lively discussions to see improved tolerance of inhomogeneous of the future BIOMAT projects planned at how uncertainties on measurements (of the elds. And with Ethernet & USB interfaces GSI/FAIR (CERN Courier July/August 2017 W-boson mass and the Weinberg angle, for p41) and JINR for biophysics and material instance) could be reduced. The effort will and LabVIEW software, it ts perfectly into research. The BIOMAT facility will use heavy continue within the electroweak working modern laboratory environments. ions for its biophysics research programme, group of the LPCC. Participants at the electroweak workshop at Orsay. focusing mainly on space-radiation effects

www.agence-arca.com - Photo: Scott Maxwell, Master le - Photo: Scott Maxwell, Master www.agence-arca.com and for materials research, while NICA at JINR will offer a radiobiology and CAS course in advanced accelerator physics materials-science programme. The workshop facilitated a healthy flow of The CERN Accelerator School (CAS) and A total of 70 students of 24 nationalities

information and strengthened co-operation Royal Holloway University of London S Aiden attended the course, with most participants on relevant activities in the large research (RHUL) organised a course on advanced coming from European counties, but also centres, with valuable input from existing accelerator physics held at the RHUL from Canada, China, Mexico and Russia. therapy centres and proposals for future campus on 3–15 September. The course projects. The scientific workshop was followed an established format with lectures Forthcoming CAS courses in 2018 preceded by a weekend of well-received in the mornings and practical courses in will be on: beam dynamics and public events in the old city of Chania and the afternoons. The lecture programme technologies for future colliders (Zurich, concluded with an open discussion. This consisted of 38 talks, while the practical Switzerland, 21 February–6 March); Pantone 286 Pantone 032 clearly conveyed the message that, despite courses provided hands-on experience in beam instrumentation (Tuusula, Finland, the main aims of large research institutes beam instrumentation and diagnostics, 2–15 June); computing and simulation such as CERN and GSI being fundamental RF-measurement techniques, and optics (Greece, November); and an introduction research, important spin-offs have a direct design and corrections. Participants selected to accelerator physics (Romania, early Magnetic precision has a name www.metrolab.com impact on everyday life. one of the three courses and followed their autumn). ● indico.cern.ch/e/ions2017 chosen topic throughout the school. ● cern.ch/schools/CAS

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V i s i t s

Exploring the physics case for a very-high-energy S Bennett/CERN Cong Tac Pham, On 19 October, Toril Nagelhus deputy minister for Hernes, pro-rector for innovation at electron−proton collider science and technology, the Norwegian University of Science

S Bennett/CERNS Socialist Republic of and Technology (NTNU), signed a Vietnam, visited CERN collaboration agreement with CERN A Caldwell Rapid progress is being made in novel on 3 October, during director for accelerators and technology acceleration techniques (see p31). An which he passed by the Frédérick Bordry (pictured). NTNU and example is the AWAKE experiment at ISOLDE experimental CERN have worked closely together for CERN (CERN Courier January/February hall and ATLAS many years, and the new agreement 2017 p8), which is currently in the middle experiment and signed will bring collaboration between the two of its first run demonstrating proton-driven the guestbook. institutions closer. plasma wakefield acceleration. This has inspired researchers to propose further

applications of this novel acceleration J Ordan/CERN scheme, among them a very-high-energy Blaženka Divjak, minister of On 26 October representatives of the electron−proton (VHEeP) collider. science and education, Republic of Austrian, Swiss and German Science Croatia, visited CERN on 24 October. Foundations came to CERN, in part to

Simulations show that electrons can be J Ordan/CERN accelerated up to energies in the TeV region She took in the CERN Control discuss opportunities for future projects. over a length of only a kilometre using the Centre, ALICE and S’Cool LAB, and Pictured left to right (with CERN director AWAKE scheme. The VHEeP collider discussed Croatia’s application for for research and computing Eckhard would use one of the LHC proton beams to associate membership of CERN. She Elsen second from left) are the current drive a wakefield and accelerate electrons to Theorist Georgi Dvali describing is pictured signing the guestbook presidents of the Austrian, Swiss an energy of 3 TeV over a distance less than classicalization, a novel approach to with director of international and German foundations: Klement 4 km, then collide the electron beam with the high-energy interactions that could be relations Charlotte Warakaulle and Tockner, Matthias Egger and Peter LHC’s other proton beam to yield electron− probed with a VHEeP. Director-General Fabiola Gianotti. Strohschneider, respectively. proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 9 TeV – 30 times higher than the only other electron−proton collider, HERA at DESY. completely unknown. With values of x down that VHEeP could probe. The needs of Other applications of the AWAKE scheme to 10−8 expected for Q2 ∼> 1 GeV2, effects polarisation and eA physics were discussed, with electron beams up to 100 GeV are being of saturation of the structure of the proton as was HERA data at low x and the status considered as part of the Physics Beyond will be observed and searches at high Q2 for of Monte Carlo simulations for ep and eA Colliders study at CERN (CERN Courier physics beyond the Standard Model will be physics. November 2016 p28). possible, most significantly the increased Overall the workshop highlighted how Of course, itʼs very early days for sensitivity to the production of leptoquarks. the extra energy reach at VHEeP would AWAKE. Currently the scheme offers deepen our knowledge of the fundamental Surpass design challenges instantaneous luminosities for VHEeP of just Deepening knowledge structure of matter and lead to a new way with ease using 28 29 −2 −1 10 – 10 cm s , mainly due to the need to A major theme of the workshop and physics of understanding QCD. It could also help COMSOL Multiphysics®. refill the proton bunches in the LHC once they focus for VHEeP is a deeper understanding address big questions in physics such as the Work with its powerful have been used as wakefield drivers. Various of QCD and hadronic cross-sections at confinement of quarks and understanding mathematical modeling schemes are being considered to increase the the highest energies and lowest values black holes or new theories that attempt to tools and solver technology explain all particle interactions. luminosity, but for now the physics case of a of x. Theoretical expectations show that to deliver accurate and VHEeP collider with very high energy but saturation of the structure of the proton The workshop ended with a discussion comprehensive simulation moderate luminosities is being considered. will be observed at VHEeP and will also on how VHEeP could fit in to the global results. Motivated by these ideas, a workshop called be at a scale where QCD calculations are particle-physics landscape, specifically Prospects for a very high energy ep and eA perturbative. This is particularly true with current planned and possible ep and VERIFY AND Develop custom collider took place on 1–2 June at the Max in eA collisions with a higher density of eA physics experiments. The proposed applications using the Planck Institute for Physics in Munich to gluons, where a saturation scale of around Electron Ion Collider in the US, LHeC at Application Builder and 2 OPTIMIZE discuss the VHEeP physics case. 20 GeV is expected – a value where the CERN and VHEeP have much in common, deploy them within Electron−proton scattering can be cross-section at VHEeP is also expected to but also significant differences. There 2 your organization and characterised by the variables Q (the be large. is much complementarity between the YOUR DESIGNS to customers worldwide squared four-momentum of the exchanged The physics at low x is also important for low-energy, high-luminosity polarised ® with a local installation of boson) and x (the fraction of the proton’s understanding cosmic-ray production at physics, such as the 3D mapping of the with COMSOL Multiphysics COMSOL Server™. momentum carried by the struck parton), high energies where the rate of production proton, and the physics at high energy, The evolution of computational tools for the reaches of which are extended by a factor of neutrinos at the TeV scale and above such as saturation. The different numerical simulation of physics-based Beneﬁ t from the power 1000 to high Q2 and to low x. The energy strongly depends on the gluon density down communities should therefore work to systems has reached a major milestone. of multiphysics today dependence of hadronic cross-sections at to values of x as low as 10−9, as well as the put forward a roadmap outlining a rich comsol.com/products high energies, such as the total photon− total charm-production cross-section. The physics programme of electron−proton proton cross-section, which has synergy complementary nature of low-x physics and electron−ion interactions, which will with cosmic-ray physics, can be measured and total cross-sections also has links to then serve as strong input to the European and QCD and the structure of matter better our understanding of gravity, for instance Strategy for Particle Physics in the next © Copyright 2017 COMSOL. understood in a region where the effects are via the AdS/CFT duality and novel theories couple of years.

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V i s i t s

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O b i t u a r i e s Eric Paré, he designed CAT, France’s Array observatory. the minister Hubert Curien’s approval of the first Cherenkov imaging telescope and a Finally, as chair of the scientific-evaluation project in France. prototype for the international HESS project. committee of Virgo, he played a key role Patrick Fleury was an exceptional Henri Desportes 1933–2017 From 1992 onwards, Fleury, a true visionary, in IN2P3’s involvement in the field of scientist, a clear-sighted, passionate and launched a series of colloquia on gamma-ray gravitational waves. The committee’s report visionary project developer with immense astronomy, which ultimately united all the was presented in 1990, the result of hard intellectual and moral strength and profound It is with great sadness that we announce the Desportes was an expert in magnets for teams working in the field, including those work and many visits to the international humanity, who always strove to support and death of Henri Desportes, at the age of 84, on experiments. of MAGIC (La Palma) and VERITAS laboratories and agencies involved. Its instil confidence in his colleagues. ● 24 September in the village of Gif sur Yvette, DesportesG (Arizona), around the Cherenkov Telescope favourable verdict was a deciding factor in His colleagues and friends. France. He was the head of the CEA Saclay range of scientific, technical and medical department STCM until his retirement in the applications. He was the main initiator mid 1990s. Since the 1960s he was a pioneer of new techniques using helium indirect of applied superconductivity and rapidly cooling, the stabilisation of superconductor Sergei Matinyan 1931–2017 became an internationally recognised expert by aluminium co-extrusion and externally in the development of numerous accelerator supported coils. Henri worked on all of these and detector magnet systems for high-energy subjects with some of the great names in Renowned Armenian theorist Sergei theory, where the presence of a gauge physics. physics. It is partly thanks to him that Saclay Matinyan died on 8 September in Durham, field condensate was demonstrated for the In particular, Desportes contributed to the has been involved in most of the magnets for North Carolina, aged 86. He was noted for first time. creation of the first superconducting magnets large detectors built in Europe since the early founding now well-known scientific centres: In the 1990s while at Duke University he for many experimental programmes, 1970s. For this work he received a prestigious the first high-energy theoretical physics summarised his research in the monograph including: polarised targets (HERA, IEEE Council on Superconductivity Award laboratory in Georgia, and a broad-coverage Chaos and Gauge Field Theory, 1994, installed at CERN and then in Protvino); the His early participation in the genesis and in 2002. theory laboratory in Yerevan. with Biro and Muller. He was elected to the 15 foot bubble chamber at Argonne National design of the large magnets for the CMS and We will remember his courtesy, his Born in Tbilisi, Georgia, and graduating National Academy of Sciences of Armenia Laboratory in the US; the magnet of the ATLAS detectors for the LHC should also humour and his unfailing involvement in from Tbilisi University in 1954, Matinyan in 1990. CERN hybrid spectrometer bubble chamber not be forgotten. these flagship projects that have contributed started his scientific career at the Institute Matinyan was an outstanding mentor in 1972; the first thin-walled solenoid, Desportes supervised numerous work at greatly to physics experiments and to several of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, and was particularly efficient in attracting CELLO, in 1978 at DESY; and the solenoid Saclay on the development of innovative fundamental discoveries. Moscow, working on helium superfluidity gifted students. He supervised more than 30 for the ALEPH experiment at LEP in 1986. superconducting magnets with a wide ● Antoine Daël. under Lev Landau. His work on K-meson PhD students in Georgia and Armenia, and oscillations carried out later in Tbilisi was his seminars were known for their depth in an essential step in the field. In the 1960s science and democracy of spirit. Matinyan Matinyan studied strong interactions was instrumental in organising the Soviet– Patrick Fleury 1935–2017 via complex momentum (Regge) theory, Armenian theoretical physicist Sergei US workshops on gauge theories in Yerevan and developed the asymptotic theory of Matinyan. held in 1983 and 1988, attended by a number interaction of hadrons with nuclei at very of major figures. These conferences were Experimental particle physicist Patrick de Calcul Vectoriel pour la Recherche high energies. the department of theoretical physics and essential events under the conditions of the

Fleury passed away on 14 September. After FleuryH in Palaiseau and installing a CRAY An essential phase of his career began in lectured in Yerevan State University on Iron Curtain. graduating from France’s prestigious Ecole supercomputer there. Fleury then steered 1970 when he moved to Yerevan, Armenia, quantum electrodynamics and the weak Sergei Matinyan’s outstanding legacy will Polytechnique, he first encountered particle his laboratory towards the use of electronic to become the deputy of Artem Alikhanian, interactions. Important work around that be remembered by his former students and physics during a traineeship at Berkeley. On detectors and, from 1968 onwards, oversaw the founder and then director of the Yerevan time, in 1977, was the investigation of the colleagues. his return, he quickly became a prominent their introduction at CERN, working with Physics Institute. There he went on to head ground state in non-Abelian Yang–Mills ● Ara Ioannisian. figure in the field of bubble chambers. Arne Lundby’s group (with Pierre Lehmann) Appointed by Bernard Gregory, he operated and then becoming involved in the physics the DBC 81 chamber at CERN, which was of the Omega spectrometer, and later in the built at Saclay in collaboration with the DELPHI experiment at LEP. Gary Steigman 1941–2017 Polytechnique and Orsay. He studied the use Following his time at the head of of deuterium in the chamber, which received LPNHE-X and a stint at Stanford, he led beam from the Proton Synchrotron (PS), and experiments at Saclay’s Saturne accelerator, Gary Steigman played a pivotal role in leaving Yale for the Bartol Institute at the led a study group concerning the f0 spin and before deciding to take his career in a the development of modern cosmology, University of Delaware in 1978 and was then the “g” meson. He was also in charge of the Fleury transitioned to astroparticle physics different direction, moving towards what particularly the application of particle recruited to Ohio State in 1986. construction of CERN’s separated M5 beam, during his career. would later be known as astroparticle physics and nuclear physics to cosmological Gary was ubiquitous on the cosmology a high-quality beam from the PS. physics, where he contributed to the questions. He died on 9 April of conference circuit, so much so that he often Quite rightly, Fleury always underlined built up a technical group capable of building establishment of major areas of study. complications following a fall. referred to himself as the “TWA professor the crucial role played by the Polytechnique large-scale facilities, and established a strong Before Stanford, he had already helped Born on 23 February 1941, Gary grew of physics”. Beginning in 1972, Gary spent and its leading bubble-chamber experts, first electronics team and an IT team. Fleury found the Fréjus underground laboratory, up in the Bronx, New York. He received 23 summers at the Aspen Center for Physics, and foremost Louis Leprince-Ringuet, in the also set up the “solar unit” that would later on the suggestion of André Rousset, before his undergraduate degree from the City where he served as a trustee (1978–1983), a development of particle physics at CERN, become a major laboratory, the PICM. IN2P3 and the CEA took it over. University of New York in 1961 and his PhD member of the Advisory Board (1983–1998), from its inception to the modern day. Due to Over the years, Fleury played a major Above all, Fleury played a fundamental in 1968 from New York University under the and a long-time organiser of astrophysics Bernard Gregory’s involvement at CERN, and often pioneering role in several fields role in the emergence of ground-based supervision of Mal Ruderman. He joined workshops. Visitors to Aspen will remember Fleury effectively ran Polytechnique’s of physics at IN2P3 with the support of gamma-ray astronomy, both in France and the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (now Holly, Gary’s Great Pyrenees dog (pictured) laboratory (LPNHE-X) from 1973 to 1975, its director, the late Jean Yoccoz (CERN internationally, through the ARTEMIS, the Institute of Astronomy) in Cambridge and a fixture on Gary’s travels. before taking on the role officially until 1984, Courier April 2017 p43), as well as in CAT, CELESTE and HESS projects, as as a visiting fellow in 1968 and became a Gary’s contributions to cosmology span

a period that included its move to Palaiseau. very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and well as in IN2P3’s involvement in NASA’s research fellow at Caltech in 1970. Gary Steigman helped bring cosmology and nearly half a century, beginning with his 1968s On the new site, he and Charles Gregory massive computation, founding the Centre FERMI gamma-ray satellite. Alongside joined the faculty of Yale University in 1972, particle physics closer. PhD dissertation, in which he showed that

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confi rmed by later CMB measurements. F o r advertising e n q u i r i e s , c o n ta c t CERN C o u R i E R recruitment / c l a s s i F i e d, ioP P u b l i s h i n g , te m P l e c i r c u s , te m P l e Way, b r i s t o l bs1 6hg, uK. Gary received fi rst prize in the 1980 Gravity te l +44 (0)117 930 1264 Fa x +44 (0)117 930 1178 e- m a i l s a l e s @ cerncourier . c o m P l e a s e c o n ta c t u s F o r inFormation a b o u t r at e s , c o l o u r o P t i o n s , Publication d at e s a n d d e a d l i n e s . Nature up with an infl uential article in the Annual Reiew of Astronomy and Astrophysics universe. Later, Gary’s 1984 paper with Mike Turner and Lawrence Krauss raised the In 1986, Gary came to Ohio State for a fl at universe. He went on to pursue his most signifi cant subsequently underpinned the research fi eld Following early work by Peebles and yielded what is today the Ohio State Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, infl uential primordial nucleosynthesis 5 Working in a place like become the fi rst true area of precision nowhere else on earth…. Keith Olive and Terry Walker, Gary’s work in bringing together the fi elds of cosmology and this fi eld followed two major thrusts: deriving a result later confi rmed by SLC and LEP The place for your next career step? properties. A series of major papers in the blazed a trail for others to follow, and he will represents one of the fi rst attempts to use People at CERN are driven by a shared goal, a single purpose. They want to achieve the impossible, to ● Roert cherrer ohn eacom eith lie ichael urner and erry aler. do what’s never been done before. Everyone here strives to be the best they can be, true specialists and Beamline for Schools: needed to make the experiments succeed are as world-class as the science behind them. a successful story contnues If you’re looking for a new challenge in engineering & tech-

You haven't heard of Beamline for Schools lately? Probably : because we have been very busy in September. The winners of cern.ch/jobs. Take part! this year's editon have been at CERN to conduct their experiments. The winning team from Italy has tested its self-designed and self-constructed Cherenkov detector while the Canadian team was looking for hypothetcal exotc partcles carrying a fractonal charge. Have a look at htp://cern.ch/go/Cg6P if you want to know more and get inspired for BL4S editon 2018! Join the adventure here: cern.ch/bl4s Get even more inspired by two videos that have been produced by members of the Canadian team: htps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI3ay1EgGt8 htps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gF3BES_fy0Q&t

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