Epitome of Current Journals
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mirrors of Madness: a Semiotic Analysis of Psychiatric Photography
MIRRORS OF MADNESS: A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF PSYCHIATRIC PHOTOGRAPHY A THESIS Presented to the Visual and Critical Studies Program Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Visual and Critical Studies By Jacob Wiseheart March 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract……………………………………………………...…………………………….……i List of Figures………………………...…………………………………………………….…..ii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….……iv Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………………..…..1 Chapter 2: Proposed Chronology of Madness…………….………………………………..…..8 Chapter 3: English Diagnostic Photography: Case Study I……………………………………12 Chapter 4: French Hysterical Photography: Case Study II…………………………………….21 Chapter 5: Treatment Photography in the United States: Case Study III.……………………..31 Chapter 6: Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………42 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………...45 Figures…………………………………………………………………………………………47 i ABSTRACT At the surface, madness appears to be the quality of the mentally ill and is constructed by Western Society into a complex and nuanced ideology. Western culture reinforces the belief that madness and mental illness are synonymous, from the television we watch, the images we share endlessly on social media, to the very language we use when we confront someone whom we believe is mentally ill. All previous platforms of communication illustrate our constructed view of the mentally ill. The conflation of the terms madness and mental illness occurs mainly because the visual and non-visual culture of madness is riddled with misunderstandings. Misunderstandings that have spread themselves through both the visual and non-visual aspects of contemporary culture by way of psychiatric photography. This thesis examines the visual culture of psychiatric photography that was used in the diagnosis and treatment of mentally ill patients in English, French and North American asylums largely in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. -
Sensory Receptors A17 (1)
SENSORY RECEPTORS A17 (1) Sensory Receptors Last updated: April 20, 2019 Sensory receptors - transducers that convert various forms of energy in environment into action potentials in neurons. sensory receptors may be: a) neurons (distal tip of peripheral axon of sensory neuron) – e.g. in skin receptors. b) specialized cells (that release neurotransmitter and generate action potentials in neurons) – e.g. in complex sense organs (vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste). sensory receptor is often associated with nonneural cells that surround it, forming SENSE ORGAN. to stimulate receptor, stimulus must first pass through intervening tissues (stimulus accession). each receptor is adapted to respond to one particular form of energy at much lower threshold than other receptors respond to this form of energy. adequate (s. appropriate) stimulus - form of energy to which receptor is most sensitive; receptors also can respond to other energy forms, but at much higher thresholds (e.g. adequate stimulus for eye is light; eyeball rubbing will stimulate rods and cones to produce light sensation, but threshold is much higher than in skin pressure receptors). when information about stimulus reaches CNS, it produces: a) reflex response b) conscious sensation c) behavior alteration SENSORY MODALITIES Sensory Modality Receptor Sense Organ CONSCIOUS SENSATIONS Vision Rods & cones Eye Hearing Hair cells Ear (organ of Corti) Smell Olfactory neurons Olfactory mucous membrane Taste Taste receptor cells Taste bud Rotational acceleration Hair cells Ear (semicircular -
Insulin in the Nervous System and the Mind: Functions in Metabolism, Memory, and Mood
Insulin in the nervous system and the mind: Functions in metabolism, memory, and mood The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Lee, Seung-Hwan, Janice M. Zabolotny, Hu Huang, Hyon Lee, and Young-Bum Kim. 2016. “Insulin in the nervous system and the mind: Functions in metabolism, memory, and mood.” Molecular Metabolism 5 (8): 589-601. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.011. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.011. Published Version doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.011 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29407539 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Review Insulin in the nervous system and the mind: Functions in metabolism, memory, and mood Seung-Hwan Lee 1,2,5, Janice M. Zabolotny 1,5, Hu Huang 1,3, Hyon Lee 4, Young-Bum Kim 1,* ABSTRACT Background: Insulin, a pleotrophic hormone, has diverse effects in the body. Recent work has highlighted the important role of insulin’s action in the nervous system on glucose and energy homeostasis, memory, and mood. Scope of review: Here we review experimental and clinical work that has broadened the understanding of insulin’s diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including glucose and body weight homeostasis, memory and mood, with particular emphasis on intranasal insulin. -
Neurolosical Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus
1954] MANIFESTATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS : VAISHNAVA 463 is the commonest lesion in diabetic neuropathy inal Articles but nerve trunks, spinal ganglia, posterior nerve Orig roots, posterior and lateral columns and ante- rior horn cells of the spinal cord or the motor nuclei of the brain stem, the autonomic ner- Neurological manifestations of vous system and the brain may also be affected. DIABETES MELLITUS The lower extremities appear to bear the greatest brunt of the disease. % HARI P. VAISHNAVA, m.b., b.s. (Lucknow), exact mechanism of these M.R.C.P. (Ed.) The neurological manifestations is not known. As this condi- Medical Registrar and Resident Medical Officer, tion is more common in elderly people, arterio- Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, England sclerosis is considered the most likely cause Neurological complications of diabetes though this theory does not account for its ^ellitug have baffled many physicians. There occurrence in younger people without signs of ]s an extensive American literature on this sub- arterio-sclerosis; moreover, so many elderly ject which is being increasingly recognised in subjects with arterio-sclerosis do not suffer ?ther countries. The incidence of diabetic neu- from neuropathy. r?Pathy varies with different authors, Jordan Martin (1953).states that the condition is a (1936) mentioning 67 per cent; Collens at al degenerative one in which non-myelinated (1952) 93 per cent ; Bonkalo (1950) 49.3 per small calibre fibres degenerate more extensively contrasting with Rundles (1945) 5 per cent. ^eilt, than the larger myelinated ones. The primary *he difference in these figures is mainly due to lesion, according to Martin, is a degeneration lriterpretation of the symptoms; if objective of axis cylinders and sheaths are re- ^gns must be taken into account with the myelin duced as a secondary effect. -
Case Report Endometrial Carcinoma Presenting As Vasculitic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PubMed Central Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 2011, Article ID 968756, 3 pages doi:10.1155/2011/968756 Case Report Endometrial Carcinoma Presenting as Vasculitic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy Marketa Vasku, Thomas Papathemelis, Nicolai Maass, Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein, and Dirk Bauerschlag Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Marketa Vasku, [email protected] Received 10 May 2011; Accepted 15 June 2011 Academic Editors: S. Z. A. Badawy and S.-Y. Ku Copyright © 2011 Marketa Vasku et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are a heterogeneous group of symptoms which are indirectly caused by primary or metastatic tumor. Paraneoplastic polyneuropathy (PNP) is mostly related to small cell lung cancer (5%), prostate, gastric, and breast cancer. Only sporadic cases have been reported to be associated with endometrial cancer. We present a case of a premenopausal woman with severe vasculitic, asymmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy that developed in conjunction with an endometrial carcinoma responding to surgical therapy of primary tumor combined to steroid therapy. Neurological symptoms such as asymmetrical sensorimotor deficits and painful paresthesias are suspicious when they occur in otherwise healthy women with no medical history. The phenomenon of a paraneoplastic syndrome can point to an underlying malignancy and can be used as marker of progression or regression of the tumor. -
A Current Overview of Diabetic Neuropathy – Mechanisms, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Chapter 5 A Current Overview of Diabetic Neuropathy – Mechanisms, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Takashi Kawano Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58308 1. Introduction Diabetic neuropathies are nerve disorders associated with diabetes, which affect approxi‐ mately half of all diabetes patients [1]. The most common complication of diabetes is caused by hyperglycemia which can damage nerve fibers throughout the body [2]. Depending on the types of nerves involved, diabetic neuropathies can be categorized as peripheral, autonomic, proximal, focal neuropathies [3]. Because the pathogenesis mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy remain unknown, numerous studies try to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this disease. Several reports have demonstrated that a variety of molecules are likely involved in the development of diabetic neuropathy, such as protein kinase C, polyol, aldose reductase, advanced glycation end- products, reactive oxygen species, cytokines [1-10]. Moreover, some risk factors including metabolite, autoimmune, inherited traits and lifestyle, may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. These multiple factors mentioned above might correlate with various symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. These symptoms vary in different organ systems, such as the extremities, digestive system, urinary tract, blood vessels, heart, and sex organs, depending on the nerves affected [9, 10]. The symptoms usually include pain, foot ulcer, dysesthesia, numbness and tingling of extremities, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, facial and eyelid drooping, eyesight change, dizziness, muscle weakness, dysphagia, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and speech impairment [2, 4, 9-11] The symptoms remain minor initially and develop gradually over years. As a result, the majority of patients do not even realize they are affected until the complications become noticeable or severe. -
Psychological Disorders and Treatments
Psychological Disorders and Treatments Marshall High School Mr. Cline Psychology Unit Five AE • * Therapy • We usually think of medicine as intended to cure specific physical symptoms; painkillers to help a headache, antibiotics to cure an infection like strep throat. So how can drugs be designed to affect the mind, achieving specific results like making someone less depressed, or getting rid of hallucinations? • Like many medicines, the earliest kinds of psychiatric medications were discovered largely by accident. • The first antidepressants were intended as treatments for tuberculosis; the first antipsychotics were developed as anesthetics to use during surgery. • These medications were found to improve mental functioning by changing brain chemistry in a variety of ways. • In general, they change levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. • Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that allow brain cells, called neurons, to communicate with each other. • * Therapy • Psychologists have noticed that the amounts of certain neurotransmitters in the brains of people with certain disorders are different than in healthy people's brains, leading to the development of drugs that aim to correct these imbalances. • Antidepressants change the levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin which affect emotion and mood. • There are three basic kinds of antidepressants, called MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors), tricyclics and SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors). • They all function a little differently. MAOIs and tricyclics raise BOTH norepinephrine AND serotonin levels. • SSRIs raise ONLY the levels of serotonin in the brain. • * Therapy • This creates fewer side effects than MAOIs or tricyclics, though it does increase sexual side effects like lack of desire and erectile dysfunction. -
Electroconvulsive Therapy (Ect): Yes, We Really Still Do That!
Wisconsin Public Psychiatry Network Teleconference (WPPNT) • This teleconference is brought to you by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS), Division of Care and Treatment Services, Bureau of Prevention Treatment and Recovery and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychiatry. • Use of information contained in this presentation may require express authority from a third party. • 2021, Michael J Peterson, reproduced with permission. WPPNT Reminders How to join the Zoom webinar • Online: https://dhswi.zoom.us/j/82980742956(link is external) • Phone: 301-715-8592 – Enter the Webinar ID: 829 8074 2956#. – Press # again to join. (There is no participant ID) Reminders for participants • Join online or by phone by 11 a.m. Central and wait for the host to start the webinar. Your camera and audio/microphone are disabled. • Download or view the presentation materials. The evaluation survey opens at 11:59 a.m. the day of the presentation. • Ask questions to the presenter(s) in the Zoom Q&A window. Each presenter will decide when to address questions. People who join by phone cannot ask questions. • Use Zoom chat to communicate with the WPPNT coordinator or to share information related to the presentation. • Participate live or view the recording to earn continuing education hours (CEHs). Complete the evaluation survey within two weeks of the live presentation and confirmation of your CEH will be returned by email. • A link to the video recording of the presentation is posted within four business days of the presentation. • Presentation materials, evaluations, and video recordings are on the WPPNT webpage: https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/wppnt/2021.htm. -
Assessment of Sensory Processing Among People with Neurological Impairment
Review Article Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal Published: 22 Mar, 2018 Assessment of Sensory Processing Among People with Neurological Impairment Kristina Zdjelar1, Ivana Crnković2*, Aleksandar Racz3 and Ivana Minauf2 1Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, Croatia 2Department of Physiotherapy, University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Croatia 3Department of Public Health and Health Protection, University of Applied Health Studies Zagreb, Croatia Abstract This paper presents methods of assessing sensory integrative dysfunction in persons with neurological impairments as an indispensable element in physiotherapy intervention. Deterioration of the sensory function causes misinterpretation of stimuli, the inability to learn new patterns of movement, the proper execution of movement, significantly disturbs the quality of life of people with neurological difficulties. By properly evaluating the sensory function, it is possible to identify the sensor problems in detail, defining the objectives and intervention plan, and solving the problem by targeted intervention. Based on preliminary research and available literature on sensory function estimation, the paper presents the role of sensory integration as one of the basic methods of work in the field of physiotherapist work in rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with neurological impairment. Physiotherapists in the rehabilitation of persons with neurological impairments use sensory integration methods to obtain an adequate motor response to sensory input to develop functional motor abilities of the patient. The application of the principle of sensory integration in the work of persons with neurological impairments requires additional education of all health professionals employed in rehabilitation as well as physiotherapists through lifelong learning. Keywords: Sensory function; Neurological impairment; Rehabilitation Introduction OPEN ACCESS Sensory function is one of the most complex and finest of the human body functions. -
Cumulative Trauma Treatment Guidelines
RULE 17, EXHIBIT 5 Cumulative Trauma Conditions Medical Treatment Guidelines Revised: December 29, 2016 Effective: March 2, 2017 Adopted: November 4, 1996 Effective: December 30, 1996 Revised: January 8, 1998 Effective: March 15, 1998 Revised: May 27, 2003 Effective: July 30, 2003 Revised: September 29, 2005 Effective: January 1, 2006 Revised: September 16, 2010 Effective: October 30, 2010 Presented by: DIVISION OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 B. GENERAL GUIDELINES PRINCIPLES .......................................................................................... 2 1. APPLICATION OF THE GUIDELINES ............................................................................... 2 2. EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................... 2 3. INFORMED DECISION MAKING ....................................................................................... 2 4. TREATMENT PARAMETER DURATION ........................................................................... 2 5. ACTIVE INTERVENTIONS ................................................................................................. 3 6. ACTIVE THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE PROGRAM .............................................................. 3 7. POSITIVE PATIENT RESPONSE ...................................................................................... 3 8. RE-EVALUATE -
Insulin Shock Therapy in Schizophrenic States
Insulin Shock Therapy in Schizophrenic States By ROBERT THOMPSON, M.B., B.CH.(BELF.), D.P.M.(LOND.) Resident Medical Superintendent, County Mental Hospital, Armagh INTRODUCTION. IN 1935 Sakel of Vienna* introduced hypoglycemic insulin shock therapy for schizophrenic states, following upon some experiments he had made with this method of treatment in cases of drug addiction. The treatment at once commanded attention because of undoubted recoveries in patients whose prognosis had hitherto been most unfavourable, but the general adoption of the treatment, especially in the British Isles, was extremely tardy and was no doubt influenced by the consider- able difficulties of technique and the not inconsiderable attendant risks. Ftor a number of years it was considered essential to be able to carry out immediate blood sugar estimations in the course of treatment, and for this and other reasons smaller hospitals felt the treatment to be outside their range. However, with more experi- ence, the dangers and difficulties became more clear-cut, and the treatment is now rapidly taking root. In February, 1946, we first undertook this treatment in Armagh Mental Hospital, and this paper is an attempt to give the result of our experience of the first year's working. TECHNIQUE. I must emphasize at the outset that any remarks I may make under this heading must only be regarded as elementary and introductory. Those who wish to under- take this treatment will read and re-read the account of technique given by Sargant and Slater, but no amount of reading will replace actual personal experience, and a minimum of a fortnight's course at a clinic where this treatment is being carried out should be regarded as absolutely essential. -
The Right Thalamic Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus Seems to Be Determinant for Macrosomatognosia: a Case Report Amir H
ElTarhouni et al. BMC Neurology (2020) 20:393 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01970-3 CASE REPORT Open Access The right thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus seems to be determinant for macrosomatognosia: a case report Amir H. ElTarhouni1, Laura Beer1, Michael Mouthon2, Britt Erni1, Jerome Aellen3, Jean-Marie Annoni2, Ettore Accolla2, Sebastian Dieguez2 and Joelle N. Chabwine1,2* Abstract Background: Macrosomatognosiais the illusory sensation of a substantially enlarged body part. This disorder of the body schema, also called “Alice in wonderland syndrome” is still poorly understood and requires careful documentation and analysis of cases. The patient presented here is unique owing to his unusual macrosomatognosia phenomenology, but also given the unreported localization of his most significant lesion in the right thalamus that allowed consistent anatomo-clinical analysis. Case presentation: This 45-years old man presented mainly with long-lasting and quasi-delusional macrosomatognosia associated to sensory deficits, both involving the left upper-body, in the context of a right thalamic ischemic lesion most presumably located in the ventral posterolateral nucleus. Fine-grained probabilistic and deterministic tractography revealed the most eloquent targets of the lesion projections to be the ipsilateral precuneus, superior parietal lobule,but also the right primary somatosensory cortex and, to a lesser extent, the right primary motor cortex. Under stationary neurorehabilitation, the patient slowly improved his symptoms and could be discharged back home and, later on, partially return to work. Conclusion: We discuss deficient neural processing and integration of sensory inputs within the right ventral posterolateral nucleus lesion as possible mechanisms underlying macrosomatognosia in light of observed anatomo- clinical correlations.