A Cis-Regulatory Change Underlying the Motor Neuron-Specific Loss of Terminal Selector Gene Expression in Immotile Tunicate Larvae
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A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works
Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 4 Issue 3 January 1974 A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works Gordon Gunter Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Buena S. Ballard Gulf Coast Research Laboratory A. Venkataramiah Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Gunter, G., B. S. Ballard and A. Venkataramiah. 1974. A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works. Gulf Research Reports 4 (3): 380-475. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol4/iss3/5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0403.05 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A REVIEW OF SALINITY PROBLEMS OF ORGANISMS IN UNITED STATES COASTAL AREAS SUBJECT TO THE EFFECTS OF ENGINEERING WORKS’ bY GORDON GUNTER, BUENA S. BALLARD and A. VENKATARAMIAH Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi ABSTRACT The nongaseous substances that normally move in and out of cells are metabolites, water and salts. The common salts in water determine its salinity, and the definition of sea water salinity and its composition are discussed. The relationships of salinity to all phyla of animals living in the coastal waters are reviewed, with emphasis on the estuaries of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States, which are particularly influenced by coastal engineering works and changes of salinity caused thereby. -
Sea Squirt Symbionts! Or What I Did on My Summer Vacation… Leah Blasiak 2011 Microbial Diversity Course
Sea Squirt Symbionts! Or what I did on my summer vacation… Leah Blasiak 2011 Microbial Diversity Course Abstract Microbial symbionts of tunicates (sea squirts) have been recognized for their capacity to produce novel bioactive compounds. However, little is known about most tunicate-associated microbial communities, even in the embryology model organism Ciona intestinalis. In this project I explored 3 local tunicate species (Ciona intestinalis, Molgula manhattensis, and Didemnum vexillum) to identify potential symbiotic bacteria. Tunicate-specific bacterial communities were observed for all three species and their tissue specific location was determined by CARD-FISH. Introduction Tunicates and other marine invertebrates are prolific sources of novel natural products for drug discovery (reviewed in Blunt, 2010). Many of these compounds are biosynthesized by a microbial symbiont of the animal, rather than produced by the animal itself (Schmidt, 2010). For example, the anti-cancer drug patellamide, originally isolated from the colonial ascidian Lissoclinum patella, is now known to be produced by an obligate cyanobacterial symbiont, Prochloron didemni (Schmidt, 2005). Research on such microbial symbionts has focused on their potential for overcoming the “supply problem.” Chemical synthesis of natural products is often challenging and expensive, and isolation of sufficient quantities of drug for clinical trials from wild sources may be impossible or environmentally costly. Culture of the microbial symbiont or heterologous expression of the biosynthetic genes offers a relatively economical solution. Although the microbial origin of many tunicate compounds is now well established, relatively little is known about the extent of such symbiotic associations in tunicates and their biological function. Tunicates (or sea squirts) present an interesting system in which to study bacterial/eukaryotic symbiosis as they are deep-branching members of the Phylum Chordata (Passamaneck, 2005 and Buchsbaum, 1948). -
De Novo Draft Assembly of the Botrylloides Leachii Genome
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/152983; this version posted June 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 De novo draft assembly of the Botrylloides leachii genome 2 provides further insight into tunicate evolution. 3 4 Simon Blanchoud1#, Kim Rutherford2, Lisa Zondag1, Neil Gemmell2 and Megan J Wilson1* 5 6 1 Developmental Biology and Genomics Laboratory 7 2 8 Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9 Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 10 # Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland 11 12 * Corresponding author: 13 Email: [email protected] 14 Ph. +64 3 4704695 15 Fax: +64 479 7254 16 17 Keywords: chordate, regeneration, Botrylloides leachii, ascidian, tunicate, genome, evolution 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/152983; this version posted June 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 18 Abstract (250 words) 19 Tunicates are marine invertebrates that compose the closest phylogenetic group to the 20 vertebrates. This chordate subphylum contains a particularly diverse range of reproductive 21 methods, regenerative abilities and life-history strategies. Consequently, tunicates provide an 22 extraordinary perspective into the emergence and diversity of chordate traits. Currently 23 published tunicate genomes include three Phlebobranchiae, one Thaliacean, one Larvacean 24 and one Stolidobranchian. To gain further insights into the evolution of the tunicate phylum, 25 we have sequenced the genome of the colonial Stolidobranchian Botrylloides leachii. -
Marine Biology
Marine Biology Spatial and temporal dynamics of ascidian invasions in the continental United States and Alaska. --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: MABI-D-16-00297 Full Title: Spatial and temporal dynamics of ascidian invasions in the continental United States and Alaska. Article Type: S.I. : Invasive Species Keywords: ascidians, biofouling, biogeography, marine invasions, nonindigenous, non-native species, North America Corresponding Author: Christina Simkanin, Phd Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater, MD UNITED STATES Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Christina Simkanin, Phd First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Christina Simkanin, Phd Paul W. Fofonoff Kristen Larson Gretchen Lambert Jennifer Dijkstra Gregory M. Ruiz Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: California Department of Fish and Wildlife Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz National Sea Grant Program Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz Advisory Council Smithsonian Institution Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz United States Coast Guard Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz United States Department of Defense Dr. Gregory M. Ruiz Legacy Program Abstract: SSpecies introductions have increased dramatically in number, rate, and magnitude of impact in recent decades. In marine systems, invertebrates are the largest and most diverse component of coastal invasions throughout the world. Ascidians are conspicuous and well-studied members of this group, however, much of what is known about their invasion history is limited to particular species or locations. Here, we provide a large-scale assessment of invasions, using an extensive literature review and standardized field surveys, to characterize the invasion dynamics of non-native ascidians in the continental United States and Alaska. -
Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an Updated Checklist
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Taxonomic Paper Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist Chryssanthi Antoniadou‡, Vasilis Gerovasileiou§§, Nicolas Bailly ‡ Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece § Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece Corresponding author: Chryssanthi Antoniadou ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christos Arvanitidis Received: 18 May 2016 | Accepted: 17 Jul 2016 | Published: 01 Nov 2016 Citation: Antoniadou C, Gerovasileiou V, Bailly N (2016) Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Abstract Background The checklist of the ascidian fauna (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) of Greece was compiled within the framework of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS), an application of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) aiming to produce a complete checklist of species recorded from Greece. This checklist was constructed by updating an existing one with the inclusion of recently published records. All the reported species from Greek waters were taxonomically revised and cross-checked with the Ascidiacea World Database. New information The updated checklist of the class Ascidiacea of Greece comprises 75 species, classified in 33 genera, 12 families, and 3 orders. In total, 8 species have been added to the previous species list (4 Aplousobranchia, 2 Phlebobranchia, and 2 Stolidobranchia). Aplousobranchia was the most speciose order, followed by Stolidobranchia. Most species belonged to the families Didemnidae, Polyclinidae, Pyuridae, Ascidiidae, and Styelidae; these 4 families comprise 76% of the Greek ascidian species richness. The present effort revealed the limited taxonomic research effort devoted to the ascidian fauna of Greece, © Antoniadou C et al. -
Extending the Integrated Ascidian Database to the Exploration And
ANISEED 2017: extending the integrated ascidian database to Title the exploration and evolutionary comparison of genome-scale datasets Brozovic, Matija; Dantec, Christelle; Dardaillon, Justine; Dauga, Delphine; Faure, Emmanuel; Gineste, Mathieu; Louis, Alexandra; Naville, Magali; Nitta, Kazuhiro R; Piette, Jacques; Reeves, Wendy; Scornavacca, Céline; Simion, Paul; Vincentelli, Renaud; Bellec, Maelle; Aicha, Sameh Ben; Fagotto, Marie; Guéroult-Bellone, Marion; Haeussler, Author(s) Maximilian; Jacox, Edwin; Lowe, Elijah K; Mendez, Mickael; Roberge, Alexis; Stolfi, Alberto; Yokomori, Rui; Brown, C�Titus; Cambillau, Christian; Christiaen, Lionel; Delsuc, Frédéric; Douzery, Emmanuel; Dumollard, Rémi; Kusakabe, Takehiro; Nakai, Kenta; Nishida, Hiroki; Satou, Yutaka; Swalla, Billie; Veeman, Michael; Volff, Jean-Nicolas; Lemaire, Patrick Citation Nucleic Acids Research (2018), 46: D718-D725 Issue Date 2018-01-04 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/229401 © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- Right nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University D718–D725 Nucleic Acids Research, 2018, Vol. 46, Database issue Published online 15 November -
And Description of a New Species, Ciona Interme
An integrative taxonomic framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and description of a new species, Ciona intermedia Francesco Mastrototaro, Federica Montesanto, Marika Salonna, Frédérique Viard, Giovanni Chimienti, Egidio Trainito, Carmela Gissi To cite this version: Francesco Mastrototaro, Federica Montesanto, Marika Salonna, Frédérique Viard, Giovanni Chimi- enti, et al.. An integrative taxonomic framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and description of a new species, Ciona intermedia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Linnean Society of London, 2020, 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa042. hal-02861027 HAL Id: hal-02861027 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02861027 Submitted on 8 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa042 An integrative taxonomy framework for the study of the genus Ciona (Ascidiacea) and the description of the new species Ciona intermedia Francesco Mastrototaro1, Federica Montesanto1*, Marika Salonna2, Frédérique Viard3, Giovanni Chimienti1, Egidio Trainito4, Carmela Gissi2,5,* 1 Department of Biology and CoNISMa LRU, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Via Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy 2 Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy 3 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. -
Redalyc.Keys for the Identification of Families and Genera of Atlantic
Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Moreira da Rocha, Rosana; Bastos Zanata, Thais; Moreno, Tatiane Regina Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians Biota Neotropica, vol. 12, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2012, pp. 1-35 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199123750022 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians Rocha, R.M. et al. Biota Neotrop. 2012, 12(1): 000-000. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/en/abstract?identification-key+bn01712012012 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v12n1/pt/abstract?identification-key+bn01712012012 Received/ Recebido em 16/07/2011 - Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 13/03/2012 - Accepted/ Publicado em 14/03/2012 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical. -
Ecological Aspects of the Ascidian Community Along the Israeli Coasts
Ecological aspects of the ascidian community along the Israeli coasts THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE “DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY” BY Noa Shenkar SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE OF TEL-AVIV UNIVERSITY February 2008 This work was carried out under the supervision of Prof. Yossi Loya This work is dedicated with enormous love to Dror & little Ido תודות Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to many people who helped me during this research. לפרופ' יוסי לויה שזכיתי להיות תלמידתו ולימד אותי מלבד אקולוגיה וביולוגיה ימית גם דבר או שניים על איך להיות בן - אדם. לחברי הועדה המלווה: פרופ' הודי בניהו, פרופ' יאיר אחיטוב ופרופ' אלי גפן שתמכו וייעצו ודלתם תמיד היתה פתוחה בפני . לד"ר אסתי וינטר שלימדה אותי לראות את הטוב בכל דבר . לפרופ' לב פישלזון שהתמזל מזלי להיות שכנתו ולימד אותי מהי זואולוגיה. To my colleagues abroad: To Charlie & Gretchen Lambert for their enthusiasm and love to ascidians. To Patricia Mather (née Kott) for her advice and support. To Elsa Vàzquez Otero, Rosana Moreira da Rocha and Françoise Monniot for teaching me ascidian taxonomy with great love and care. To Xavier Turon for his constructive remarks and to Amy Driskell for helping me with the PCR game. לחברי מעבדתי שליוו אותי לאורך השנים ועזרו בכל עת, ובמיוחד לעומרי בורנשטיין, אלן דניאל, מיה ויזל, עידו מזרחי, רועי סגל, רן סולם ומיכה רוזנפלד. לחברי מעבדת בניהו, יעל זלדמן, מתי הלפרין, ענבל גינסבורג ועידו סלע שתמיד יצאו בשמחה למשימות דיגום איצטלנים מולחברי עבדתו של פרופ' מיכה אילן על החברה והעוגיות . לד"ר איציק בריקנר על החתכים ההיסטולוגים המופלאים, ורדה ווכסלר על הגרפיקה, נעמי פז על העריכה וההגהה, אלכס שלגמן על העזרה הלבבית עם האוספים, וענת גלזר מחברת החשמל. -
The Role of Metalloproteases in Fertilisation in the Ascidian Ciona
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The role of metalloproteases in fertilisation in the ascidian Ciona robusta Received: 8 August 2018 Shiori Nakazawa 1,2, Maki Shirae-Kurabayashi1 & Hitoshi Sawada1 Accepted: 12 December 2018 In the ascidian Ciona robusta (formerly C. intestinalis type A), the mechanism underlying sperm Published: xx xx xxxx penetration through the egg investment remains unknown. We previously reported that proteins containing both an astacin metalloprotease domain and thrombospondin type 1 repeats are abundant in the sperm surface protein-enriched fraction of C. robusta. Here we investigated the involvement of those proteins in fertilisation. We refned the sequences of astacin metalloproteases, confrmed that fve of them are present in the sperm, and labelled them as tunicate astacin and thrombospondin type 1 repeat-containing (Tast) proteins. Fertilisation of C. robusta eggs was potently inhibited by a metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001. The eggs cleaved normally when they were vitelline coat-free or the inhibitor was added after insemination. Furthermore, vitelline coat proteins were degraded after incubation with intact sperm. These results suggest that sperm metalloproteases are indispensable for fertilisation, probably owing to direct or indirect mediation of vitelline-coat digestion during sperm penetration. TALEN-mediated knockout of Tast genes and the presence of GM6001 impaired larval development at the metamorphic stage, suggesting that Tast gene products play a key role in late development. Egg fertilisation is key to achieving genetic diversity in the next generation. In most animals, the eggs are covered with an acellular investment called the egg coat, also called the vitelline coat (VC) in some marine invertebrates, including ascidians and zona pellucida in mammals. -
Conservation of Peripheral Nervous System Formation Mechanisms in Divergent Ascidian Embryos
RESEARCH ARTICLE Conservation of peripheral nervous system formation mechanisms in divergent ascidian embryos Joshua F Coulcher1†, Agne` s Roure1†, Rafath Chowdhury1, Me´ ryl Robert1, Laury Lescat1‡, Aure´ lie Bouin1§, Juliana Carvajal Cadavid1, Hiroki Nishida2, Se´ bastien Darras1* 1Sorbonne Universite´, CNRS, Biologie Inte´grative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan Abstract Ascidians with very similar embryos but highly divergent genomes are thought to have undergone extensive developmental system drift. We compared, in four species (Ciona and Phallusia for Phlebobranchia, Molgula and Halocynthia for Stolidobranchia), gene expression and gene regulation for a network of six transcription factors regulating peripheral nervous system *For correspondence: (PNS) formation in Ciona. All genes, but one in Molgula, were expressed in the PNS with some [email protected] differences correlating with phylogenetic distance. Cross-species transgenesis indicated strong † These authors contributed levels of conservation, except in Molgula, in gene regulation despite lack of sequence conservation equally to this work of the enhancers. Developmental system drift in ascidians is thus higher for gene regulation than Present address: ‡Department for gene expression and is impacted not only by phylogenetic distance, but also in a clade-specific of Developmental and Molecular manner and unevenly within a network. Finally, considering that Molgula is divergent in our Biology, Albert Einstein College analyses, this suggests deep conservation of developmental mechanisms in ascidians after 390 My of Medicine, New York, United of separate evolution. States; §Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Universite´de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France Competing interests: The Introduction authors declare that no The formation of an animal during embryonic development is controlled by the exquisitely precise competing interests exist. -
Bostricobranchus Digonas Abbott (Ascidiacea, Molgulidae) in Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil
Bostricobranchus digonas Abbott (Ascidiacea, Molgulidae) in paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil. A case of recent invasion? 1 Rosana Moreira da Rocha 2 ABSTRACT. Bostricobranchus digonas Abbott, 1951 was discovered by dredging near Cotinga Island, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná (25°31'5 II "S, 48°28'714"W). Concen trated in a small area 1.5 m deep, lhe animais were collected by a Van Veen devi ce. All sizes from 3 mm up to 2 cm in body diameter were recovered. This is the ftrst report of a species of this genus in lhe South Atlantic and its occurrence is discussed. KEY WORDS . Ascidiacea, Molgulidae, Bostricobranchus, nonindigenous fauna Bostricobranchus digonas Abbott, 1951 is an estuarine species, to date, only described in Florida, USA. Here, the second occurrence of this species is reported in southeastern Brazil. Many individuais were collected in Paranaguá estuary, but surprisingly subsequent sampling failed to find more individuaIs. Marine species invasions have received much concern in recent years (CARLTON & GELLER 1993; LAMBERT 2001 for a review on ascidians) and one of the most difficult aspects in studying the consequences of these invasions is to determine when new species arrive in any region. This paper describes morpholo gical characters of a Bostricobranchus Traustedt, 1883 population showing that the individuais are very similar to the population of B. digonas from Florida, to which it is thought conspecific. AIso, the presence of an important harbor for petroleum tanking ships nearby suggests that this is a possible recent introduction. MATERIAL ANO METHOOS Specimens were collected in August 2000 by a Van Veen devi ce at Cotinga Island, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná (25°31 '511 "S, 48°28'714"W), an important estuary in southern Brazil.